Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0546837 (esophageal cancer)
 8,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effectiveness of polychemotherapy (platidiam + chemoradiation treatment) for extensive cancer of the esophagus, stomach and lung was studied in 71 patients. Response rate in esophageal cancer patients after platidiam, methotrexate and prospidin was 31%, which increased to 65% after irradiation. In stomach cancer patients treated with platidiam, 5-fluorouracil and vincristine, antitumor effect was registered in 30% and a 50% regression of tumor following radiotherapy--in 37%. In small cell lung cancer group, chemotherapy (platidiam + cyclophosphamide + vincristine) was effective in 37.5% and in 83% when combined with radiotherapy.
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PMID:[The effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy of malignant tumors using platidiam]. 284 30

In scheduling chemotherapy and radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), chemotherapy can be given pre-radiotherapy or concurrently as a single agent or in combination. Optimal scheduling has yet to be established. Optimal pre-radiotherapy for NSCLC requires further development but cisplatin with vinblastine, vindesine, etoposide or navelbine appear the best currently available. A number of new drugs show potential for enhancing radiation effects. Concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy has been tested in a number of experimental tumours in cell culture. In these systems cisplatin, carboplatin, 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin-C and other agents appear to improve cell kill compared to chemotherapy alone. Mouse xenograft models allow the study of various concurrent drug and radiation schedules including the effect of radiation with cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel and gemcitabine. In these systems, cisplatin in divided doses shows optimal enhancement with fractionated radiotherapy. There are a number of drug candidates for concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy programs. Clinical studies in head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, small cell lung cancer and NSCLC show promising results with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Cisplatin given daily with radiotherapy improved survival in NSCLC compared to cisplatin given weekly with radiotherapy or to radiotherapy alone. To study the toxicity of radiation and concurrent carboplatin, we have studied 170 patients with unresectable locally advanced NSCLC in a 4-arm randomized trial. An analysis of the first 100 patients entered revealed significantly more neutropenia (P < 0.0001) and thrombocytopenia (P < 0.004) with the combined modality arms. Esophagitis was worse on all three experimental arms but was significantly more prolonged with accelerated radiotherapy arms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Scheduling of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 755 50

Twelve human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAb) were established by the fusion of (mouse x human) heteromyeloma cells with B-lymphoblastoid cells derived from the regional lymph nodes of three patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. They were tested for reactivity to two kinds of proteins (purified protein derivatives and bovine serum albumin) by ELISA, Sq-19 (squamous cell carcinoma) culture cells by indirect membrane immunofluorescence tests, and Sq-19 tumor xenograft by immunohistological study. Among them, one HuMAb 904F (IgM, lambda) was selected. In indirect membrane immunofluorescence tests, this 904F antibody reacted with various kinds of cell lines, e.g. lung cancer, esophageal cancer, endometrial cancer, and stomach cancer. It did not react with malignant hematopoietic and diploid fibroblast cell lines. Immunohistologically, it stained the tumor nests of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma of the lung. It also stained those of esophagus and colon, but not those of small cell carcinoma of lung, or stomach. On frozen-section specimens of normal tissues from various organs, it showed only limited areas of positive staining. Limited positive findings were observed at a reticular zone of the adrenal gland, at the esophagus as weak staining, and at islets of the pancreas as very weak staining. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that it recognized a 54 kDa trypsin-sensitive molecule which is expressed on the surface of tumor cells. These results suggest the 904F monoclonal antibody detects a novel tumor-associated antigen which is recognized by the human immune system.
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PMID:A novel human monoclonal antibody directed to a tumor-associated antigen. 839 67

Topotecan (Hycamtin; SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA), a camptothecin analog, is a novel and specific inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase I. In preclinical studies, topotecan demonstrated significant in vitro activity in a variety of solid tumor explants derived from colorectal, breast, ovarian, renal cell, non-small cell lung cancer, and gastrointestinal sources. Notable activity was also demonstrated in vivo in a wide range of animal tumor models. A large number of phase I studies with topotecan have been conducted since 1992 in both adults and children with a broad range of refractory malignancies and as many as 14 different dosing schedules. Complete, partial, or minor responses were demonstrated in patients with recurrent or refractory neuroblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The antitumor activity of topotecan in these phase I evaluations was associated more often with frequent or continuous dosing schedules compared with less frequent or short exposure schedules. Maximum tolerated doses were predominantly dependent on the dosing schedule used. Myelosuppression was the major dose-limiting toxicity across all schedules, and nonhematologic toxicities were generally mild. Data from phase I studies have provided valuable information about antitumor responses, maximum tolerated doses, and dose-limiting toxicities associated with different dosing schedules. Based on this information, there was substantial enthusiasm for further evaluating topotecan in a wide range of cancer patients in phase II studies.
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PMID:Review of phase I clinical studies with topotecan. 942 56

Although radiologic findings in radiation-induced lung disease are well described in the literature, the influence exerted on these findings by different radiation methods is not well understood. Radiation treatment of non-small cell lung cancer varies depending on the location and extent of disease. Irradiation with oblique beam angles results in unusual distribution of radiation-induced lung disease. Small cell lung cancer is treated with irradiation concurrent with or following chemotherapy, and portal arrangements are controversial. In breast cancer, use of tangential beam portals may induce radiation pneumonitis or fibrosis at the peripheral lung anterolaterally. Use of supraclavicular portals may produce lesions in the lung apex that appear similar to pulmonary tuberculosis. In esophageal cancer, radiation portals with a 5-6-cm margin above and below the tumor are generally recommended, and computed tomography (CT) frequently demonstrates radiation-related lung damage adjacent to the mediastinum. In mediastinal tumors, the mantle field includes all the major lymph node regions above the diaphragm. Radiation pneumonitis varies from minimal to extremely marked change in the paramediastinal areas and in both apices. CT is more sensitive to radiation-induced lung disease than chest radiography and demonstrates related changes earlier. Furthermore, it more clearly depicts the precise distribution and pattern of disease. Familiarity with the imaging findings in radiation-induced lung disease produced by different radiation methods will help radiologists interpret abnormalities seen at chest radiography and CT in affected patients.
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PMID:Radiation-induced lung disease and the impact of radiation methods on imaging features. 1068 74

A 50-year-old man was referred to our department with esophageal cancer. He had past history of small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiation therapy 10 years prior. The disease was evaluated as complete remission after chemoradiation therapy and no recurrence had been observed. Esophagectomy accompanying postoperative chemotherapy was applied, but he died of secondary myelodysplastic syndrome with its acute myeloblastic transformation. Risk evaluation revealed a high incidence of esophageal cancer after radiation therapy and hematological malignancies after chemoradiation therapy in usual regimen with topoisomerase inhibitor or alkylating agents. Chemoradiation therapy is thought to be one of a few highly effective therapeutic alternatives and many complete remission cases have been reported in small cell lung cancer or esophageal cancer. In post-therapeutic follow up of patients with such past therapeutic histories, we should be cautious about secondary malignancies even if primary malignant disease was evaluated as complete remission in long past history.
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PMID:Secondary myelodysplastic syndrome after small cell lung cancer and esophageal cancer. 1610 15

Gene expression profile analysis of lung and esophageal carcinomas revealed that Dikkopf-1 (DKK1) was highly transactivated in the great majority of lung cancers and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). Immunohistochemical staining using tumor tissue microarrays consisting of 279 archived non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and 280 ESCC specimens showed that a high level of DKK1 expression was associated with poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC as well as ESCC, and multivariate analysis confirmed its independent prognostic value for NSCLC. In addition, we identified that exogenous expression of DKK1 increased the migratory activity of mammalian cells, suggesting that DKK1 may play a significant role in progression of human cancer. We established an ELISA system to measure serum levels of DKK1 and found that serum DKK1 levels were significantly higher in lung and esophageal cancer patients than in healthy controls. The proportion of the DKK1-positive cases was 126 of 180 (70.0%) NSCLC, 59 of 85 (69.4%) SCLC, and 51 of 81 (63.0%) ESCC patients, whereas only 10 of 207 (4.8%) healthy volunteers were falsely diagnosed as positive. A combined ELISA assays for both DKK1 and carcinoembryonic antigen increased sensitivity and classified 82.2% of the NSCLC patients as positive whereas only 7.7% of healthy volunteers were falsely diagnosed to be positive. The use of both DKK1 and ProGRP increased sensitivity to detect SCLCs up to 89.4%, whereas false-positive rate in healthy donors was only 6.3%. Our data imply that DKK1 should be useful as a novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarker in clinic and probably as a therapeutic target for lung and esophageal cancer.
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PMID:Dikkopf-1 as a novel serologic and prognostic biomarker for lung and esophageal carcinomas. 1736 69

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) plays an increasingly important role in radiotherapy, beyond staging and selection of patients. Especially for non-small cell lung cancer, FDG-PET has, in the majority of the patients, led to the safe decrease of radiotherapy volumes, enabling radiation dose escalation and, experimentally, redistribution of radiation doses within the tumor. In limited-disease small cell lung cancer, the role of FDG-PET is emerging. For primary brain tumors, PET based on amino acid tracers is currently the best choice, including high-grade glioma. This is especially true for low-grade gliomas, where most data are available for the use of (11)C-MET (methionine) in radiation treatment planning. For esophageal cancer, the main advantage of FDG-PET is the detection of otherwise unrecognized lymph node metastases. In Hodgkin's disease, FDG-PET is essential for involved-node irradiation and leads to decreased irradiation volumes while also decreasing geographic miss. FDG-PET's major role in the treatment of cervical cancer with radiation lies in the detection of para-aortic nodes that can be encompassed in radiation fields. Besides for staging purposes, FDG-PET is not recommended for routine radiotherapy delineation purposes. It should be emphasized that using PET is only safe when adhering to strictly standardized protocols.
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PMID:The use of FDG-PET to target tumors by radiotherapy. 2081 58

Multidisciplinary tumor board conferences foster collaboration among health care providers from a variety of specialties and help to facilitate optimal patient care. Generally, the clinical questions revolve around the best options for establishing a diagnosis, staging the disease and directing treatment. This article describes and illustrates the clinical scenarios of three patients who were presented at our thoracic Tumor Board, focusing on management issues and the role of imaging. These patients had invasive thymoma; concurrent small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer; and esophageal cancer with celiac lymph node metastases, respectively.
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PMID:Imaging in thoracic oncology: case studies from Multidisciplinary Thoracic Tumor Board: (part 2 of 2 part series). 2432 79

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a type of lung cancer characterized by a rapid disease progression and poor prognosis. Its diagnosis is often accompanied by distant metastasis. A literature review revealed that metastases to the stomach from breast, lung and esophageal cancer are frequently reported. While SCLC is a common pathological subtype of lung cancer, literature on SCLC with gastric metastases is sporadic. The present study reviewed the literature using databases, including PubMed, WanFang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, to analyze the clinicopathological features and outcome of patients with gastric metastases from SCLC. A total of 11 case reports and 6 retrospective studies comprising of 19 cases were compared and analyzed. In addition to the aforementioned studies, a case study describing a patient who survived for 10 months following a diagnosis of SCLC with gastric metastases is presented. The aim of the present study was to increase the understanding regarding the diagnosis and treatment of SCLC gastric metastasis.
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PMID:Pathological diagnosis and treatment outcome of gastric metastases from small cell lung cancer: A case report. 3142 70


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