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Query: UMLS:C0546837 (esophageal cancer)
 8,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ninety-five patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who had undergone radical esophagectomies through right thoracotomies from 1986 to 1989 were statistically analyzed semi-quantitatively to identify the risk factors predicting "operative (within 45 days of operation) or hospital death." Age, pulmonary function (%VC or %FEV1.0), cardiac function (EKG or Master test), renal function (Ccr), hepatic function (R15'ICG), diabetes mellitus (75 OGTT), extent of tumor invasion to the adventitia, and the type of operative procedure were each scored according to severity; 0 (no risk), 1, 2, or 3 (high risk). Patients with no severe postoperative complications had an accumulated score of less than 8 and comprised Group I, while those suffering an an "operative death" had a total score of 8 or more, and comprised Group II. Group III included those suffering a "hospital death." There was a significant difference between Group I and Group II (p < 0.005), but not between Group I and Group III. "Operative deaths" could be preoperatively predicted from the risk factors. However, "hospital deaths" could not be predicted, since they resulted mainly from recurrences of the cancer. In cases with scores of 8 or more the operative procedure should be changed to a simpler one for an improved prognosis.
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PMID:Preoperative prediction of mortality following surgery for esophageal cancer. 149 50

The in vitro sensitivity to hyperthermia and radiation of esophageal cancer cells obtained from 50 patients was assayed by using the in vitro succinate dehydrogenase inhibition test, and the findings were correlated with data on DNA analysis. The DNA distribution patterns were grouped into types I, II, III and IV, according to the frequency of aneuploid cell populations. Esophageal cancer cells of high ploidy (type IV) had a lower sensitivity to radiation, however, a greater sensitivity to hyperthermia as compared to cells of low ploidy (type II). The sensitivity to hyperthermia was determined as positive in 2 of 8 for type II, in 7 of 25 for type III, and in 9 of 17 for type IV. In contrast, the positive sensitivity rates to radiation in type II, III, and IV were 25.0, 8.0, and 5.9%, respectively. When cells were exposed to combination of radiation with hyperthermia, the positive sensitivity rates increased in all groups (50.0, 44.0 and 70.6% in type II, III, and IV, respectively). There was a significant correlation between mean DNA values and the SD activities following exposure to heat treatment or radiation. These data, describing that cancer cells of high ploidy might have greater sensitivity to hyperthermia compared to radiation, indicate the clinical benefits of hyperthermia in cases of esophageal carcinoma, especially for patients with high DNA ploidy.
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PMID:Hyperthermo-radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells with high DNA ploidy in vitro. 149 6

With the advance of endoscopic equipment the number of superficial cases of esophageal cancer has been increasing dramatically. It has been clarified as to which cancer can be treated as an early cancer with desirable results as in gastric cases. Endoscopic treatment for early cancer already established in gastric or colorectal cases have been applied to esophageal cases with nationwide popularity. Especially endoscopic mucosal resection, which can assure accurate pathological findings, can be the treatment of choice for endoscopic procedures for early cancer. In this paper, our methodology of endoscopic treatment of early esophageal cancer is introduced and our endoscopic approach to advanced cases which is still to be established is reported.
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PMID:[Endoscopic treatment of esophageal cancer]. 150 78

Between April 1980 and November 1990, we treated 212 cases of airway lesion using an Nd-YAG laser via the fiberoptic bronchoscope. The Nd-YAG laser power output was usually 40 W (20-60 W) delivered in 2 sec. shots. The cases consisted of 98 primary lung cancer, 12 primary tracheal cancer, 53 metastatic airway lesion, 7 benign tumor, and 42 cicatricial and granulomatous lesions. The therapeutic effects of Nd-YAG laser treatment were evaluated based on alleviation of dyspnea, widening of airway, and curative vaporization for therapeutic purposes. Effectiveness was observed in 180 of a total of 212 cases (84.9%). Out of 75 emergency cases in which a lifesaving procedure was performed to widen the airway, effective results were obtained in 70 (93.3%) with dramatic improvement in condition. It was also effective in 90 of 109 cases (82.6%) in which the procedure was performed for staged (palliative) widening of airway. In 55 cases of advanced lung cancer (Stage III or IV, mainly non-small cell cancer) in which palliative widening procedure was performed, one year survival was 44%. In 13 of 18 cases (72.2%) in which the procedure was performed for curative vaporization of invasive cancer, successful results were obtained. In 7 cases of benign tumor in which vaporization was performed as a radical curative procedure, no recurrence was observed in any cases. In 53 cases of metastatic airway lesion, effective results were obtained 48 (90.6%). The primary lesions of these cases consisted of 14 cases of esophageal cancer, 9 cases of lung cancer, 7 cases of colo-rectal cancer, 7 cases of thyroid cancer, and 16 others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Endoscopic surgery of airway lesions by Nd-YAG laser treatment]. 150 99

Since the mid 1970s combined-modality treatment has been investigated for locoregional cancer of the esophagus. Single-institution pilot studies of preoperative cisplatin-based chemotherapy have shown that 40% to 60% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma achieve a partial response, while an occasional patient has a pathologically documented complete response (CR). Two randomized trials involving small numbers of patients have not confirmed the survival benefit for preoperative chemotherapy that some pilot studies suggested. A large, multicenter intergroup trial is in progress, comparing preoperative and postoperative cisplatin/5-fluorouracil chemotherapy with immediate surgery, and includes both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma histologies. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy programs have used survival and pathologic CR as end points. Single-institution and multicenter pilot studies have consistently reported pathologic CR in 25% to 30% of patients. Median survivals have varied from 12 to 29 months. The results from multicenter pilot trials are at the lower end of this range, with more encouraging results coming from single institutions. One randomized trial in progress compares a 3-week intensive cisplatin/vinblastine/5-fluorouracil and concurrent radiotherapy regimen followed by surgery with immediate surgery. No completed comparative trials have been published. Chemoradiotherapy without surgery is a more recent approach stimulated both by the poor survival rates with primary surgery and by its associated morbidity and mortality. The results of the intergroup randomized trial of concurrent cisplatin 5-fluorouracil/radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone have demonstrated a role for chemotherapy. Median survival and 12- and 24-month survival improved significantly with the combined-modality treatment. This treatment program is now recommended for patients with locoregional disease who are not candidates for surgery. The optimal management of patients with esophageal cancer is still unknown. Accurate methods to stage patients clinically and to identify prognostic factors are needed. The randomized trials in progress evaluating preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy and preoperative chemoradiotherapy are essential to move forward with improved treatment strategies.
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PMID:Treatment of locoregional esophageal cancer. 150 82

Quality of Life (QL) is hard to assess and seldom measured in patients having carcinomas with an unfavourable prognosis. Oesophageal cancer is one of the malignancies with a low 5-year survival rate. Dysphagia (problems in swallowing food) is considered to be the most important indicator of QL in patients with oesophageal carcinoma. Moreover, the psycho-social aspects and subjective QL in cancer have recently gained importance. The present study investigated QL in a 132 patients with oesophageal cancer. Eighty-three of them had a surgical operation (removal of part of the oesophagus and part of the stomach, followed by a reconstruction of the digestive tract). Sixty-seven patients filled in questionnaires before and after the operation. Complete sets of data were obtained from 62 patients. Time interval between operation and postoperative assessment varied from 3 to 7 months. Indicators of QL were: Psychological Distress, Physical Symptoms, Global Evaluations, Activity Level, Swallowing Problems and Food Intake. Swallowing Problems showed moderate correlations with the other QL indicators. Physical Symptoms increased, whereas the Activity Level, Psychological Distress, and Swallowing Problems decreased; Global Evaluations remained unaltered.
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PMID:Quality of Life in patients with resected oesophageal cancer. 150 3

Many advancements in the imaging of gastrointestinal malignancies have been seen in the past year. Endorectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging with an endorectal surface coil allow for more accurate staging of the depth of bowel wall invasion by rectal carcinoma. Monoclonal antibody imaging may detect metastases not found by other modalities while computed tomography arterial portography and intraoperative ultrasound improve our ability to identify liver metastases. Endoscopic ultrasound is also useful in the preoperative assessment of esophageal cancer and pancreatic endocrine tumors.
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PMID:Imaging of gastrointestinal malignancies. 151 Oct 29

The chemosensitivity test for esophageal and gastric cancer cells collected by endoscopic biopsies before operation was investigated for evaluation by ATP assay. Experimentally, ATP assay was applied in human esophageal and gastric cancer cell line transplanted in nude mice. ATP level was measured by Lumiphotometer and showed positive linear correlation with the number of cancer cells in more than 10(3). Also ATP level increased when more than 10(3) cancer cells were cultured for more than 48 hours. On the other hand, more than 10(3) cancer cells were indicated to be collected by endoscopic biopsies, experimentally. Clinically, 7 specimens collected by endoscopic biopsy and 5 anticancer agents (MMC, CDDP, 5-FU, ADM and BLM) were used for the test. Forty-nine cases, 31 cases of esophageal cancer and 18 cases of gastric cancer were subjected to the study. The evaluability rates were 93.8%, respectively. Over-all predictive accuracy for esophageal cancer between the clinical responses and results of the assay was 72.0%. These results suggested the usefulness of biopsy specimens for the chemosensitivity test of anticancer agents.
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PMID:[The experiment and clinical evaluation of chemosensitivity test for esophageal and gastric cancer by ATP assay using endoscopic biopsy]. 151 5

The incidence of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy for cancer and reconstruction with the stomach was analyzed with respect to the presence of coexistent atrophic chronic gastritis (ACG). Of a total of 28 operated esophageal cancer patients with ACG, 6 patients developed an anastomotic leak at the cervical esophagogastrostomy (21%). Of a total of 8 operated esophageal cancer patients none of the patients developed an anastomotic leak. The ACG positive and the ACG negative patients were found to be well matched for age, sex, type of operation, transplant route, level of the anastomoses, and suture technique, and all were operated on by the same surgeons. The difference in leakage rate did not reach statistical significance.
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PMID:Atrophic chronic gastritis and esophagogastric anastomotic leak after resection and reconstruction for esophageal carcinoma. 151 90

The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence pattern of esophageal cancer in Connecticut (USA) during the past decades, and to identify components of birth cohort, period, and and age as determinants of the observed time trends by regression modelling. This study is based on all of the esophageal cancer cases reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry between 1935 and 1989. A total of 6,310 incident cases were included. Results indicate that among males, the overall age-adjusted incidence rate of esophageal cancer increased after 1935 and peaked between 1955 and 1959. Since then, incidence rates have been relatively stable. Among females, the overall esophageal cancer rate has not changed markedly since 1935. Analysis by histologic type indicates that the incidence rate of squamous cell carcinoma has been declining in this population; adenocarcinoma, however, showed a continuous increase. A fivefold increase among males and a threefold increase among females were observed for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus between 1970 and 1989. If cancers of the esophagus and gastric cardia are considered together, the incidence rate of adenocarcinoma exceeds that of squamous cell carcinoma among males during 1985-89. The observed increasing trend for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is mainly from cancers arising in the lower third of the esophagus and primarily among Whites, especially White males. The results from regression modeling indicate that both period and birth cohort may have contributed to the observed increasing trend, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is likely to increase continuously in this population in the coming years.
Cancer Causes Control 1992 Sep
PMID:Time trend and age-period-cohort effects on incidence of esophageal cancer in Connecticut, 1935-89. 152 29


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