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Query: UMLS:C0519030 (Klebsiella)
 21,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The occurence of multiple biotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae within single specimens was determined in 59 clinical specimens. Biotyping was performed on five colonies of K. pneumoniae from each specimen, using the API 20E system (Analytab, Inc., New York) for identification of Enterobacteriaceae with strict adherence to the manufacturer's instructions. Multiple biotypes of K. pneumoniae were present in 31% (18) of the clinical specimens. Twenty-eight colonies representative of specimens with single and multiple biotypes were tested further for biotype reproducibility. Whereas genus and species identification was 100% reproducible, variation of one or more biochemical tests on serial transfers resulted in biotype reproducibility of only 64%. The greatest variation in biochemical tests occurred with urease (14%), indole production (10%) and citrate utilization (9%). Multiple biotypes in single specimens appear to be due to both inherent differences among the colonies in the specimen and variability in the system used to determine biochemical reactions. The presence of multiple biotypes limits the usefulness of biochemical typing for epidemiological surveilance of K. pneumoniae.
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PMID:Multiple biotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae in single clinical specimens. 31 11

Commercial systems designed and marketed for evaluation of Enterobacteriaceae are used in many clinical microbiology laboratories. Evaluations of these systems have been reported from several large laboratories. Identifications with one or more of these systems were compared with those obtained by conventional methods with many strains of organisms. The Microbiology Resource Committee of the College of American Pathologists designed two surveys to evaluate the performances of commercial systems with identical strains of organisms submitted to a large number of participants. The surveys used were the Special Bacteriology Survey D-D and the Comprehensive Microbiology Survey B-D submitted during 1975--1976. Single strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens in pure culture were submitted in the Comprehensive Survey and the same strains of these organisms plus one strain each of Pseudomonas stuartii and Citrobacter freundii in the Special Survey. The data obtained from participants permitted comparisons to be made between the API-20E, Enterotube, and r/b systems. These comparisons included individual biochemical test results shared by at least two systems as well as the ability of each to identify the unknown organisms to genus alone and to both genus and species. The results are presented and subjected to statistical analysis.
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PMID:Performance of enterobacteriaceae identification systems. An analysis of College of American Pathologists Survey data. 36 Aug 23

Reproducibility of capsular serotypes of 55 consecutive clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae was evaluated by an indirect immunofluorescent-antibody technique previously described by Riser et al. (J. Clin. Pathol. 29: 296-304, 1976) Five colonies per specimen were examined for colony-to-colony variation, day-to-day variation, and reader-to-reader variation. Seventy-two reference strains were tested with each of 18 pools and 72 specific antisera prior to the clinical specimens to determine antiserum specificity and cross-reaction patterns. Lot-to-lot variation was examined with the reference strains. There was minimal lot-to-lot variation among the antisera tested. Ten antiserum pools required supplementation with individual antisera. The patterns of supplementation may vary from lot to lot. Colony-to-colony variation in intensity of immunofluorescence occurred, but there was no variation in serotype. These findings differ from previously reported colonial variation which occurred when API 20E biotypes were determined for individual colonies of K. pneumoniae directly from clinical specimens. Eighteen percent of clinical isolates studied gave cross-reactions when tested with the indicated specific antiserum. All but one of the cross-reactions were resolved with further dilutions. Day-to-day and reader-to-reader variations were minimal. The immunofluorescent-antibody technique is a reliable and reproducible method for capsular serotype determination. Capsular serotypes are less variable than API biotypes since colony-to-colony variation of serotype does not occur.
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PMID:Reproducibility of an indirect immunofluorescent-antibody technique for capsular serotyping of Klebsiella pneumoniae. 37 25

A brief, simplified scheme involving the spot indole test and colonial morphology was evaluated for genus level identification of prompt lactose-fermenting (PLF) members of the Enterobacteriaceae. One hundred and ninety-four consecutive, clinically important PLF gram-negative rods isolated in a clinical microbiology laboratory were identified by this simplified scheme, as well as by standard biochemical tests, and the API 20E (Analytab Products, Inc., Plainview, N.Y.) system. In the simplified scheme a flat, spot indole-positive colony was identified as Escherichia coli. Spot indole-negative organisms forming nucoid colonies were identified as Klebsiella sp. or Enterobacter sp. on the basis of semisolid motility and ornithine decarboxylase tests. Approximately 94% of the study isolates followed reactions typical for E. coli, Klebsiella sp., and Enterobacter sp. as defined by this simplified scheme. When compared with the standard and Analytab Products Inc. identifications, the overall accuracy was 97.4%. The accuracy of identification of E. coli, Klebsiella sp., and Enterobacter sp. was 98.1%, 95.6%, and 87.5%, respectively. This simplified scheme is recommended for identification of selected PLF isolates in the clinical microbiology laboratory.
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PMID:Simplified scheme for identification of prompt lactose-fermenting members of the Enterobacteriaceae. 79 78

We examined changes in the bacterial flora in hospitalized patients with leukemia. This study placed special emphasis on enteric microorganisms and their relation to the general status of the patient. One hundred thirty bacterial cultures from 16 leukemia patients and 16 control subjects, were obtained. The organisms were isolated on MacConkey agar and identified by the API-20E system. Enteric microorganisms were isolated from 62.2% of the leukemia patients as compared with 28% from the control group (p < 0.001). The enteric positive cultures were identified as Klebsiella (42.7%), Enterobacter (18.8%), and Pseudomonas (15.6%). In contrast to the negative cultures (1342), enteric microorganisms were cultured from 2948 specimens (p < 0.005).
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PMID:Gram-negative enteric bacteria in the oral cavity of leukemia patients. 140 20

The NCTC type strains of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens and Klebsiella pneumoniae were exposed to 3, 5 and 10 x MIC of nalidixic acid, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, PD 117596 and PD 127391. From each strain a mutant with a high MIC of quinolones alone (gyrA) and a mutant with intermediate resistance to quinolones, some beta-lactams, chloramphenicol and tetracycline (multiply resistant, m-r) were selected on agar containing antibiotics. The gyrA mutants required a higher concentration of quinolone to inhibit DNA synthesis by 50% but quinolone uptake kinetics and outer membrane profile were the same as the wild type. The m-r mutants had similar DNA synthesis IC50 as the wild type, decreased quinolone uptake kinetics and had decreased expression of an OMP of approximately 40 kD. The gyrA and m-r mutants were then exposed to 3, 5 and 10 x MIC of the same quinolones and new mutants (F2) selected. The F2 mutants from the gyrA mutants displayed a further increase in quinolone MIC; the F2 mutants from the m-r mutants had several phenotypes: high quinolone MICs with cross resistance to other agents, high quinolone resistance alone, or intermediate quinolone resistance alone. Most F2 mutants had MICs above the recommended breakpoint concentrations for quinolones. The F2 mutants often had altered biochemical profiles (API 20E), however, only in the case of E. cloacae did this affect speciation with the strains being identified as Rhanella aquatalis.
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PMID:Phenotypic characterization of quinolone-resistant mutants of Enterobacteriaceae selected from wild type, gyrA type and multiply-resistant (marA) type strains. 166 26

Two hundred and four strains of Gram-negative bacteria of clinical origin, initially identified as Klebsiella using the API 20 E system, and 10 reference strains were further analysed with the API 20 EC test system and the API 50 CH, API 50 AO, API 50 AA assimilation systems. Four clusters corresponding to the species Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, K. planticola, and K. terrigena were formed after numerical analysis of 155 selected tests and the 26 most discriminating tests were determined. A comparison was made between conventional identification using the API 20 E system and the results of the numerical analysis. The conventional method resulted in incorrect identification of 13% of the strains tested, especially for the new species: K. planticola and K. terrigena. After numerical analysis, 17 out of 204 strains (8.3%) of clinical origin were identified as K. planticola. Only 1 strain of clinical origin was identified as K. terrigena, and 1 strain as K. ornithinolytica.
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PMID:Difficulties in identifying Klebsiella strains of clinical origin. 186 14

653 11 beer mugs rinsed mechanically by conveyor belt dishwashing machines and 182 mugs cleaned in open vats were investigated for their content of faecal and total coliforms. Ten and more faecal coliform germs could be detected in 4.7% of the mechanically rinsed tankards and in 12.1% of those cleaned in open vats. Respectively, ten and more total coliforms were found in 30.3% and in 67.6%. Altogether 213 coliform strains as defined by the German drinking water regulation were characterised biochemically by the API 20 E-system and by their susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents. A total of 19 different species from eight genera could be differentiated, whereas 12 strains were unidentifiable by the applied system. Klebsiella oxytoca was the most frequently encountered germ, followed by Enterobacter cloacae, K. pneumoniae and Ent. sakazakii. 59 of the 213 strains were fully susceptible to all antibiotics used. 44 strains, however, revealed complete or moderate resistance against three and more agents. These results indicate that unhygienic dishwashing procedures may play a decisive role in the epidemiology of clinically relevant and multiresistant germs.
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PMID:[Coliform bacteria in rinsed beer mugs--identification with the API 20 E system and resistance behavior]. 214 35

Cysteine-requiring strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae that are auxotrophic for this amino acid because of defects in the sulfur assimilatory pathway account for about 1.5% of urinary tract isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. Forty Escherichia and eight Klebsiella cysteine-requiring strains were used to test the ease with which various test systems identified clinical isolates of cysteine auxotrophs. In a preliminary experiment, the growth yield of 10 cysteine-requiring E. coli in 10 solutions of commercially available peptones was in each instance less than that of prototrophic control and showed that these sources of nutrients were suboptimal for these strains. A significant proportion of the cysteine-requiring strains were not adequately identified by growth-dependent tests which used various peptones as a nutrient source. Problems were encountered with all test systems examined, which were as follows: conventional methods; the API 20E, Microbact, and Vitek systems; and two rapid methods for the identification of E. coli, the Rapidec coli and the beta-D-glucuronidase tests. The performance of the test systems was only partly improved when inocula were derived from appropriately supplemented media. However, the problems of the growth-dependent tests were resolved when a cysteine-supplemented suspension was used to inoculate each test system.
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PMID:Assessment of conventional and commercial methods for identification of clinical isolates of cysteine-requiring strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. 222 77

Fifteen bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients who received three 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) mouthrinses daily for eight weeks were monitored weekly for the occurrence of oral opportunistic Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Tongue and buccal mucosa were sampled with use of Culturette swabs that were streaked on plates containing selective MacConkey agar. After incubation, colony-forming units were scored and putative GNB classified with use of the API 20E rapid identification system and supplemental biochemical tests. After identification, the susceptibilities of all GNB to CHX were determined by means of a disk diffusion sensitivity assay. Sixty-seven percent (10) of the BMT subjects had at least one GNB-positive tongue culture, and 53% (8) had GNB in samples taken from the buccal mucosa. Of 218 samples taken, 26% and 24% from the tongue and buccal mucosa, respectively, were GNB-positive. The predominant clinical GNB isolates were Enterobacter cloacae (46%) and Klebsiella pneumoniac (30%). Their respective CHX minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were similar to those of ATCC reference strains. Although the CHX MIC values of the clinical GNB isolates were high (less than or equal to 37.5 to less than or equal to 300 micrograms/mL), they were not dependent upon length of exposure to the agent. Therefore, changes in sensitivity or resistance to CHX did not appear to occur. The results suggest that the mouths of BMT patients--and perhaps of other immunosuppressed individuals--should be routinely monitored for GNB, as are other clinically important sites, such as the throat and the urinary and gastro-intestinal tracts.
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PMID:Oral gram-negative bacilli in bone marrow transplant patients given chlorhexidine rinses. 263 5


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