Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0519030 (Klebsiella)
 21,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-four episodes of bacterial infections were identified over a 18 month period in 11 patients (8 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and 3 with AIDS related complex). Eight of the 11 infected patients were drug abusers and 3 homosexual people. Nosocomial bacterial infections were common in patients with AIDS and had high fatality rates. Gram-negative bacteria resulted the most common micro-organisms (E.coli, Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia, Klebsiella). The Aztreonam treatment was very useful in providing bacteria eradication. Gram-positive bacteria as Staphylococcus from a sepsis and Enterococcus from a cystopyelitis were eradicated by B-lactam antibiotics. Common micro-organism are frequent in patients affected by LAS/ARC or AIDS and they negatively interfere with the disease outcome.
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PMID:[Significant bacteriological findings in HIV-positive patients]. 249 36

A multicenter trial involving several urologic units in Italy provided pooled data on 1,427 patients with urinary tract infections to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aztreonam, a new monobactam antibiotic. Microbiologic and clinical data were collected methodically in all cases. A majority of the patients (79.9%) were hospitalized during the study period, an associated pathology was noted in 29.1%, and 16.7% were receiving additional therapy. Aztreonam was administered by different routes and in different dosages according to the severity of the pathology. At the end of treatment, 93.6% of the patients showed a positive microbiologic response. Eradication percentages of the 6 main pathogens determined from cultures taken within the seventh day after the end of treatment were as follows: 93.9% for Escherichia coli (n = 415), 86.3% for Pseudomonas sp. (n = 207), 91.6% for Proteus sp. (n = 192), 89.8% for Providencia sp. (n = 59), 96.2% for Klebsiella sp. (n = 56), and 98.1% for Serratia sp. (n = 56). Aztreonam was well tolerated. Of the 1,427 patients evaluated for safety, only 54 (3.8%) reported 55 adverse reactions, necessitating the withdrawal of therapy in 5 (0.2%) instances.
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PMID:Aztreonam in the treatment of urinary tract infections: a multicenter trial. 265 94

Aztreonam was administered to 20 children diagnosed as having any of the following infections: urinary tract infection, pneumonia, meningitis, and abscess of the appendix. Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of aztreonam for these bacteria ranged from 0.03 to 0.5 micrograms/ml. All patients were clinically and bacteriologically cured within 5-16 days of treatment. Six months after completion of therapy, patients who had had meningitis appeared to be free of any neurologic sequelae. The antibiotic was well tolerated by all patients.
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PMID:Aztreonam in the treatment of aerobic, gram-negative bacillary infections in pediatric patients. 273 47

Ninety patients (41 males, 49 females) with a diagnosis of meningitis, urinary tract infection (UTI), gastroenteritis or other miscellaneous gram-negative infections were enrolled. Their ages ranged from 7 days to 10 years, with a mean age of 4 months. 58 (63%) patients had an etiology confirmed by either positive culture (52; 89%) or latex agglutination (6; 10%). 41 of these patients had meningitis diagnosed by positive CSE culture (38) or by positive CSF latex agglutination (3); 27/41 patients also had positive blood cultures. Aztreonam MIC100 for 27 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, all ampicillin-sensitive, was 0.19 micrograms/ml; 4 Salmonella sp., 1 Neisseria meningitidis and 1 Serratia marcescens isolates were inhibited by 0.19 micrograms/ml, and the MIC100 for 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 Proteus vulgaris and 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were 0.045 and 0.19, 0.022 and 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Aztreonam in the treatment of gram-negative meningitis and other gram-negative infections. 273 48

A case of acute renal failure associated with aztreonam therapy is reported. A man, age 70, with infections due to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloaca was treated for 9 days with aztreonam and presented with a generalized maculopapular rash, fever, eosinophilia, worsening renal function and increased IgE levels and eosinophiluria. Aztreonam was then discontinued and the patient was treated with supportive measures and steroids and his renal failure reversed over the course of 5 days. This appears to be one of the first cases of acute renal failure associated with aztreonam.
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PMID:Acute renal failure, skin rash, and eosinophilia associated with aztreonam. 296 33

A total of 755 gram negative bacteria isolated from clinical specimens were tested against aztreonam by the disc agar diffusion test. The strains of bacteria used in this study consisted of Escherichia coli (314), Enterobacter aerogenes (30), E. agglomerans (7), E. cloacae, (39), Citrobacter diversus (9), C. freundii (13), Hafnia alvei (3), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (10), Klebsiella oxytoca (6), K. ozaenae (5), K. pneumoniae (107), Morganella morganii (3), Moraxella sp. (10), Pasteurella multocida (1), Proteus mirabilis (66), P. vulgaris (4), Providencia rettgeri (12), P. stuartii (5), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (85), P. fluorescens (2), P. maltophila (7), Salmonella sp. (1) and Serratia marcescens (17). In vitro activity against aztreonam was compared with amikacin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalosporin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, piperacillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tobramycin. Over 99% of E. coli and Enterobacter species were susceptible to aztreonam. All the 118 strains of Klebsiella, 87 strains of Proteus-Providencia and 17 strains of S. marcescens were also susceptible. Aztreonam also showed good activity against P. aeruginosa, inhibiting 90% of the 85 isolates tested.
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PMID:In vitro activity of aztreonam against gram negative bacteria from clinical specimens and its comparison with other commonly used antibiotics. 308 46

In vitro activities of 7 antimicrobial agents against organisms (474 strains) isolated from patients with various infections in Ehime University Hospital from May to July 1986 were investigated. Summarized results are as follows: 1. Aztreonam (AZT) showed potent activities against Escherichia coli, Citrobacter sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae. 2. Antimicrobial activities of AZT were especially superior against Proteus sp. to the third generation cephem antibiotics. 3. Enterobacter sp. seemed more susceptible to AZT than to cephem antibiotics, but minimum inhibitory concentrations of AZT against may isolates of Enterobacter sp. were in wide ranges.
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PMID:[Susceptibility of clinical bacterial isolates to aztreonam]. 312 88

Brief exposure of Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium to supra-inhibitory concentrations of aztreonam enhanced their susceptibility to phagocytic killing by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The effect was independent of the continuous presence of the antibiotic and required the presence of serum opsonins. Phagocytic killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was enhanced by prior exposure to subminimal inhibitory concentrations, and killing, relative to control bacteria, was not increased with increasing concentrations of aztreonam above minimal inhibitory concentrations. The degree of sensitization, and the range of bacteria susceptible to antibiotic modulation varied between antibiotics. Under the conditions of these experiments, gentamicin sensitized pseudomonas, but failed to sensitize E. coli, while cefotaxime failed to sensitize serratia, and varied in it's activity against E. coli and pseudomonas. Enhanced killing of aztreonam-pretreated bacteria was associated with an increase in uptake by leucocytes. Aztreonam exposure decreased the liability of the bacteria to hydrophilic interactions in an aqueous two-phase partitioning system. These observations indicate that exposure of Gram-negative bacteria to aztreonam enhances phagocytic killing through modification of cell surface structures. This may be mediated through an increase in surface hydrophobicity which enhances bacterial association with leucocyte membranes with subsequent phagocytosis and intracellular killing.
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PMID:Enhanced susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria to phagocytic killing by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes after brief exposure to aztreonam. 320 26

Aztreonam, the first monobactam antibiotic, represents a significant evolutionary advance in antimicrobial therapy. Aztreonam is stable in the presence of the hydrolytic beta-lactamase enzymes; as such, it is effective against most Gram-negative aerobes, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. Due to its specific spectrum of activity, aztreonam does not disturb the normal Gram-positive and anaerobic intestinal flora. The safety profile of aztreonam is superior: unlike the aminoglycosides, aztreonam does not cause nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity, and no routine monitoring of serum levels is required with its use. The pharmacokinetics of aztreonam after intravenous infusion or intramuscular dosing are presented as well as the dosage adjustments for hemodialysis and chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
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PMID:Microbiology and pharmacology of aztreonam. 328 50

The results of determinations of sensitivities of bacterial strains to various antibiotics are summarized as follows: 1. Against Escherichia coli, ofloxacin (OFLX) showed the strongest activity among oral antibacterial and antibiotic agents. Its MIC90 was below 0.10 micrograms/ml. The next strongest activity was found in mecillinam (MPC), cefaclor (CCL) and pipemidic acid (PPA); MIC90's of these agents 3.13 micrograms/ml. Cefotiam (CTM), cefotaxime (CTX), ceftizoxime (CZX), cefmenoxime (CMX) and latamoxef (LMOX) had MIC90 below 0.39 micrograms/ml. MIC90's of cefmetazole (CMZ) and cefoperazone (CPZ) were 1.56 micrograms/ml. Aztreonam (AZT) and carumonam (CRMN) in the monobactam group showed strong activities with MIC90's at 0.20 micrograms/ml. 2. Although Klebsiella pneumoniae had a strong resistance to ampicillin (ABPC) and showed relatively low sensitivities to other oral antibacterial and antibiotic agents, OFLX maintained high activity against this species and showed MIC90 of 0.39 micrograms/ml. Among injectable antibiotics, third generation cephems showed the strongest activity to this species with MIC90 of CZX below 0.10 micrograms/ml, of CTX and CMX 0.20 micrograms/ml, and of LMOX 0.78 micrograms/ml. MIC90 of CPZ was 6.25 micrograms/ml, which was the same as those of cefazolin (CEZ) and cefoxitin (CFX). CTM had similar MIC90 to LMOX, namely, 1.56 micrograms/ml. MIC90 of CMZ was 3.13 micrograms/ml. Monobactams AZT and CRMN showed strong activities to this species; their MIC90's were below 0.10 micrograms/ml and 0.20 micrograms/ml. 3. Although Citrobacter freundii generally exhibited low sensitivities to antibacterial and antibiotic agents examined, it showed high sensitivity to OFLX, at MIC80 of 0.78 micrograms/ml. This species showed low sensitivities to MPC, nalidixic acid (NA), PPA, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (ST). Among injectable antibiotics, LMOX and CMX had activities against this species; namely, MIC80's were 6.25 and 3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively. Among monobactams, AZT showed MIC80 of 12.5 micrograms/ml, and CRMN had that of 6.25 micrograms/ml. 4. Against Enterobacter cloacae, the strongest antibacterial activity was found with OFLX which had MIC90 of 0.39 micrograms/ml. A relatively strong activity was seen with MPC. MIC80 of MPC was 1.56 micrograms/ml. Except to CTM, this species had poor sensitivities to injectable first and second generation cephems, and their MIC80's were over 200 micrograms/ml. MIC80 of CTM was 25 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1985). I. Susceptibility distribution]. 344 55


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