Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0519030 (Klebsiella)
 21,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

653 11 beer mugs rinsed mechanically by conveyor belt dishwashing machines and 182 mugs cleaned in open vats were investigated for their content of faecal and total coliforms. Ten and more faecal coliform germs could be detected in 4.7% of the mechanically rinsed tankards and in 12.1% of those cleaned in open vats. Respectively, ten and more total coliforms were found in 30.3% and in 67.6%. Altogether 213 coliform strains as defined by the German drinking water regulation were characterised biochemically by the API 20 E-system and by their susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents. A total of 19 different species from eight genera could be differentiated, whereas 12 strains were unidentifiable by the applied system. Klebsiella oxytoca was the most frequently encountered germ, followed by Enterobacter cloacae, K. pneumoniae and Ent. sakazakii. 59 of the 213 strains were fully susceptible to all antibiotics used. 44 strains, however, revealed complete or moderate resistance against three and more agents. These results indicate that unhygienic dishwashing procedures may play a decisive role in the epidemiology of clinically relevant and multiresistant germs.
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PMID:[Coliform bacteria in rinsed beer mugs--identification with the API 20 E system and resistance behavior]. 214 35

Monoclonal antibodies provide a rapid and specific means of direct detection of microorganisms in water and food samples. However, monoclonal antibodies specific for some bacteria are difficult to obtain; a good example of such a bacterium is Escherichia coli. Gnotobiotic BALB/c mice immunized with whole-cell preparations of heat-treated strains of E. coli and subjected to high-frequency antigen injection showed a significant increase in the number of specific hybridomas produced. Fusions obtained by using regular BALB/c mice immunized by using standard immunization protocols produced nonspecific hybridomas. Twenty-one stable hybridomas that did not cross-react with Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 or Citrobacter freundii 1604770 were obtained from gnotobiotic mice. The bacterial strains were selected for the specificity tests because of their high cross-reactivity, which has been detected in previous fusion experiments. The method of immunization described here offers the potential of improving the production of highly specific hybridomas for bacteria which have been difficult to obtain.
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PMID:Production of Escherichia coli-specific hybridomas by using gnotobiotic mice. 218 13

Urease was purified 112-fold to homogeneity from the microaerophilic human gastric bacterium, Helicobacter pylori. The urease isolation procedure included a water extraction step, size exclusion chromatography, and anion exchange chromatography. The purified enzyme exhibited a Km of 0.3 +/- 0.1 mM and a Vmax of 1,100 +/- 200 mumols of urea hydrolyzed/min/mg of protein at 22 degrees C in 31 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0. The isoelectric point was 5.99 +/- 0.03. Molecular mass estimated for the native enzyme was 380,000 +/- 30,000 daltons, whereas subunit values of 62,000 +/- 2,000 and 30,000 +/- 1,000 were determined. The partial amino-terminal sequence (17 residues) of the large subunit of H. pylori urease (Mr = 62,000) was 76% homologous with an internal sequence of the homohexameric jack bean urease subunit (Mr = 90,770; Takashima, K., Suga, T., and Mamiya, G. (1988) Eur. J. Biochem. 175, 151-165) and was 65% homologous with amino-terminal sequences of the large subunits of heteropolymeric ureases from Proteus mirabilis (Mr = 73,000) and from Klebsiella aerogenes (Mr = 72,000; Mobley, H. L. T., and Hausinger, R. P. (1989) Microbiol. Rev. 53, 85-108). The amino-terminal sequence (20 residues) of the small subunit of H. pylori urease (Mr = 30,000) was 65 and 60% homologous with the amino-terminal sequences of the subunit of jack bean urease and with the Mr = 11,000 subunit of P. mirabilis urease (Jones, B. D., and Mobley, H. L. T. (1989) J. Bacteriol. 171, 6414-6422), respectively. Thus, the urease of H. pylori shows similarities to ureases found in plants and other bacteria. When used as antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, neither purified urease nor an Mr = 54,000 protein that co-purified with urease by size exclusion chromatography was as effective as crude preparations of H. pylori proteins at distinguishing sera from persons known either to be infected with H. pylori or not.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of urease from Helicobacter pylori. 218 75

The extent and nature of bacterial contamination in oral rehydration solution reconstituted for use by individuals and for group of patients was studied. Twenty three volunteers (all qualified doctors) were asked to reconstitute a packet of prepackaged salt in half litre of clean unboiled water obtained from taps at their residence. Five ml aliquots of ORS were collected at 6, 12 and 24 hours after reconstitution for bacteriologic study. The water used by volunteers to reconstitute the ORS as well as throat swabs, peri-anal swabs and nail clippings of volunteers yielded pathogenic bacteria in all the subjects/samples. All the 23 specimens of ORS prepared by volunteers when cultured at 6 hours after reconstitution yielded pathogenic bacteria. The bacterial colony counts were found to be unacceptably high at 12 hours. Five ml samples of reconstituted ORS prepared in bulk in the children ward of PGIMER, Chandigarh were cultured at 12, and again at 24 hours after reconstitution on 10 different days. These yielded Klebsiella pneumoniae in 8 specimens (80%) and E. coli in 2 (20%). The bacterial colony count was unacceptably high, 12 hours after reconstitution.
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PMID:Bacterial contamination of reconstituted oral rehydration solution. 236 38

In Cayuga Lake water amended with 30 micrograms of glucose or amino acids per ml, an added strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens and indigenous bacteria grew extensively, Pseudomonas sp. B4 and two rhizobia multiplied at a moderate extent, and introduced Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae multiplied but to only a slight degree. The amendments did not enhance growth of Micrococcus flavus and Arthrobacter citreus, and an asporogenous strain of Bacillus subtilis decreased in numbers. The pseudomonads, rhizobia, E. coli and K. pneumoniae multiplied extensively when inoculated into sterile lake water amended with amino acids, A. citreus grew to a slight extent, but the numbers of M. flavus and B. subtilis did not change appreciably. In nonsterile lake water amended with 30 micrograms of Trypticase soy broth per ml, the indigenous bacteria greatly increased in abundance, the pseudomonads, rhizobia, and E. coli developed to a lesser extent, the numbers of K. pneumoniae, A. citreus and M. flavus showed little increase, and B. subtilis decreased in numbers. Tests in pure culture containing 2 to 64 micrograms of Trypticase soy broth per ml demonstrated good growth of P. fluorescens, Pseudomonas sp. B4, and the rhizobia at all concentrations; an initial decline followed by growth of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and R. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli at low concentrations; little or no growth or decline at the low levels but multiplication at the high levels by A. citreus and B. subtilis; and decline of M. flavus. It is proposed that the apparent Ks value, mumax value, length of lag phase and resistance to stress can be used to predict behavior of bacteria in lake water receiving low levels of organic nutrients.
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PMID:Effect of organic amendments on bacterial multiplication in lake water. 237 14

We compared the ability of 13 materials, all with known affinity for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to remove LPS from water, pooled normal human plasma, and plasma from a patient with Gram-negative bacterial sepsis. Escherichia coli O111:B4 LPS was added to water and pooled normal human plasma to a concentration of 200 ng/ml and aliquots were adsorbed in parallel with each of the materials. Plasma containing 25 ng/ml of LPS was obtained by plasmapheresis from a patient with fatal Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis and was similarly adsorbed. Ethanolamine bound to Sepharose 4B served as a control adsorbent. LPS was most readily removed from water and least readily removed from plasma obtained from the patient with sepsis. Nonetheless, some materials removed substantial quantities of LPS from the patient's plasma. Upon ip injection of control-adsorbed patient's plasma into LPS-sensitized mice, death occurred in 13 of 13 mice within 12 h. In contrast, when this plasma was first adsorbed with activated charcoal, Kaopectate, or polymyxin B bound to Sepharose 4B, death occurred 12 h after challenge in 0/13, 0/13, and 2/13 mice, respectively (p less than .0001 by actuarial life table analysis of survival distributions). Thus, plasma that contains bacterial toxins produced during Gram-negative bacterial sepsis can be detoxified by adsorption.
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PMID:Detoxification of plasma containing lipopolysaccharide by adsorption. 199 16

Soybeans soaked in tap water for 24 to 36 h at 20, 30 or 37 degrees C underwent a natural fermentation that was characterized by the growth of microorganisms to 10(8)-10(10) cfu/ml (depending on temperature) and a reduction of pH from 6.5 to 4.5. Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecium, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae dominated the fermentation but, significant contributions were also made by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella ozaenae, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Citrobacter diversus and Bacillus brevis, and the yeasts Pichia burtonii, Candida didensiae and Rhodotorula rubra. Fermentation of surface-decontaminated beans in sterile water with pure cultures of these isolates showed L. casei, Strep. faecium and Staph. epidermidis to be the main species responsible for the pH reduction. Soybeans were the main source of microorganisms for the fermentation. Boiled beans did not undergo an acid fermentation.
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PMID:The microbial ecology of soybean soaking for tempe production. 251 26

The production of vitamin B12 from carbohydrates, peptone, casamino acid, etc., by intestinal bacteria was investigated. Klebsiella pneumoniae IFO 13541 was the most efficient strain for vitamin B12 production, which depended exclusively on the concentration of yeast extract added to the medium. A concentrated solution of yeast extract (1 ml) was chromatographed on a Sephadex G-25 column (1 x 180 cm) and eluted with H2O (eighty fractions of 3 ml each were collected). It was found that fractions in which bacterial growth was most prevalent also exhibited the highest amount of vitamin production. The effectiveness of yeast extract was shown by the participation of pyrroloquinoline quinone and aspartic acid in the growth stimulation and in the vitamin B12 production in this strain.
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PMID:Effects of the yeast extract components pyrroloquinoline quinone and aspartic acid on vitamin B12 production in Klebsiella pneumoniae IFO 13541. 256 67

The study demonstrated bacterial species on hands and nails of food-handlers before and after hand-washing. Those were Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Diphtheroid, Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Proteus mirabilis, Serratia spp., Citrobacter freundii. Before hand washing, each food-handler harboured one to eight bacterial species. After hand-washing (eight with water from plastic boxes, 97 from pipe water, 57 out of 97 (58.8%) used soap or detergent with water), disappearance of one to four bacterial strains from hands and nails were found in 47.6 per cent of food-handlers. Cultures of water used for washing from eight plastic boxes yielded Staph. spp., Strep. spp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Kleb.pneumoniae, Acinetobacter anitratus, Enterobacter cloacae. From pipe water, Diphtheroid in 4, 4.1 per cent Micrococcus in 1, 1.03 per cent were shown. Comparing bacterial species found in food-handlers with long nails and short nails, 4-8 more species were revealed in the former than the latter for 35.7 per cent. After hand-washing, there was recontamination of bacterial species in 17 food-handlers. This was probably due to dirty napkins or dresses during hand-drying or from water in plastic boxes.
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PMID:Hygienic status of food handlers. 258 3

Cell survival and plasmid stability in Pseudomonas fluorescens R2f and Pseudomonas putida CYM 318 containing respectively, plasmid RP4 and pRK2501, and Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 418 harboring plasmid pBR322 were studied in sterile and nonsterile agricultural drainage water under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and in the absence and presence of added nutrients. Both Pseudomonas strains survived well in sterile drainage water incubated aerobically, with or without added nutrients. However, Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 418 (pBR322) only survived in the presence of added nutrients. Pseudomonas fluorescens R2f (RP4) and K. aerogenes NCTC 418 (pBR322) did not survive under anerobic conditions without added nutrients, but showed good survival in the presence of nutrients. Survival of all three strains was negatively affected in nonsterile agricultural drainage water when compared with survival in sterile water. Maintenance of the three plasmids was host, plasmid, and environment dependent. Plasmid pBR322 was not stably maintained in K. aerogenes NCTC 418 under all conditions used in the study, and pRK2501 was readily lost from P. putida CYM 318. Maintenance of RP4 by P. fluorescens R2f was markedly influenced by added nutrients, which caused a loss of the plasmid from cells. The results of the present study demonstrate the influence of nutrients, O2, and native microorganisms on the survival of introduced bacterial strains and plasmid stability in agricultural drainage water.
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PMID:Survival of and plasmid stability in Pseudomonas and Klebsiella spp. introduced into agricultural drainage water. 259 Mar 5


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