Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0519030 (Klebsiella)
 21,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The sodium ion-dependent citrate carrier of Klebsiella pneumoniae (CitS) contains 12 hydrophobic potential transmembrane domains. Surprisingly, an alkaline phosphatase fusion study in Escherichia coli has suggested that only 9 of these domains are embedded in the membrane, and 3 are translocated to the periplasm (van Geest, M., and Lolkema, J. S. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 25582-25589). To provide independent data on the topology and mode of membrane insertion of CitS, we have investigated its insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. By using in vitro translation of model proteins in the presence of dog pancreas microsomes, each of the putative transmembrane segments of CitS was assayed for its potency to insert into the ER membrane, both as an isolated segment as well as in the context of COOH-terminal truncation mutants. All 12 segments were able to insert into the membrane as Ncyt-Clum signal anchor sequences. In a series of COOH-terminal truncation mutants, the segments inserted in a sequential way except for one segment, segment Vb, which was translocated to the lumen. Hydrophobic segments VIII and IX, which, according to the alkaline phosphatase fusion study, are in the periplasm of E. coli, form a helical hairpin in the ER membrane. These observations suggest a topology for CitS with 11 transmembrane segments and also demonstrate that the sequence requirements for signal anchor and stop transfer function are different.
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PMID:Insertion of a bacterial secondary transport protein in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. 991 15

Cyclic dipeptides are widely used as models for larger peptides because of their simplicity and limited conformational freedom. Some cyclic dipeptides have been shown to be antiviral, antibiotic and anti-tumour. The aim of this study was to determine the biological activity of four cyclic dipeptides synthesized in this laboratory: cyclo(L-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl), cyclo(L-tyrosyl-L-prolyl), cyclo(L-tryptophanyl-L-prolyl) and cyclo(L-tryptophanyl-L-tryptophanyl). The enhancement or inhibition of calcium channels in ventricular myocytes from rats and delayed-rectifier potassium channels in ventricular myocytes from guinea-pigs were determined by use of the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The induction of differentiation in HT-29 cells was assessed by assaying for an increase in the expression of alkaline phosphatase. Antibiotic properties against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus and Streptococcus sp. were determined by use of the Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion assay. Results from these assays indicate that the cyclic dipeptides have biological activity in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Three of the dipeptides block cation channels in ventricular myocytes and all increase the expression of alkaline phosphatase. All the dipeptides have concentration-dependent antibacterial properties. These results suggest that with increased solubility the cyclic dipeptides might have potential as muscle relaxants, anti-tumour compounds and antibiotics.
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PMID:The biological activity of selected cyclic dipeptides. 1005 45

Cyclic dipeptides are products of rational drug design, which may exhibit both antimicrobial and antitumor properties. The aim of this study was to investigate both the antimicrobial effects of the cyclic dipeptides cyclo(L-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl), cyclo(L-tyrosyl-L-prolyl), cyclo(L-tryptophanyl-L-prolyl) and cyclo(L-tryptophanyl-L-tryptophanyl) and the effects of these cyclic dipeptides on the gastrointestinal epithelium in vitro. Furthermore, a relevant solvent for the possible pharmaceutical application of the products was sought concurrently. The antimicrobial effect of the cyclic dipeptides was assayed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum. The effect of the cyclic dipeptides on the gastrointestinal epithelium was assessed by changes in alkaline phosphatase expression of HT-29 cells. Cyclo(Pro-Trp) and cyclo(Phe-Pro) show broad spectrum antibacterial properties and cyclo(Trp-Pro) and cyclo(Trp-Trp) show broad spectrum antifungal properties. The maturation of the gastrointestinal cells was enhanced by cyclo(Phe-Pro), cyclo(Tyr-Pro), cyclo(Trp-Trp) and cyclo(Trp-Pro). The activity of these cyclic dipeptides thus indicates potential application of these compounds as pharmacological agents.
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PMID:Antimicrobial activity of selected cyclic dipeptides. 1056 76

From January 1995 to May 2000, a total of 107 adults with liver abscess due to Klebsiella pneumoniae admitted at a large medical center in northern Taiwan were reviewed. Patients were considered to have received cefazolin or an extended-spectrum cephalosporin if they received at least 3 days of that antibiotic within the first 5 days of hospitalization. Fifty-nine (55.1%) patients received cefazolin, and 48 (44.9%) patients received an extended-spectrum cephalosporin. The demographic data, clinical features, severities of illness, and rates of early drainage for the two groups were comparable. However, the rates of developing complications for the two groups were significantly different (37.3 versus 6.3%, respectively; P < 0.001). Furthermore, six independent factors preventing severe complications following liver abscess due to K. pneumoniae were identified: normal platelet count, alkaline phosphatase less than 300 U/liter, no gas formation in the abscess, APACHE III score less than 40, use of an extended-spectrum cephalosporin, and early drainage. In conclusion, cefazolin therapy may be suboptimal for patients with liver abscess due to K. pneumoniae despite active in vitro susceptibility. Use of an extended-spectrum cephalosporin and early drainage for patients with liver abscess due to K. pneumoniae are suggested.
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PMID:Extended-spectrum cephalosporin compared to cefazolin for treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae-caused liver abscess. 1532 47

The gene encoding a deoxyriboaldolase (DERA) was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of Klebsiella pneumoniae B-4-4. This gene contains an open reading frame consisting of 780 nucleotides encoding 259 amino acid residues. The predicted amino acid sequence exhibited 94.6% homology with the sequence of DERA from Escherichia coli. The DERA of K. pneumoniae was expressed in recombinant E. coli cells, and the specific activity of the enzyme in the cell extract was as high as 2.5 U/mg, which was threefold higher than the specific activity in the K. pneumoniae cell extract. One of the E. coli transformants, 10B5/pTS8, which had a defect in alkaline phosphatase activity, was a good catalyst for 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate (DR5P) synthesis from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and acetaldehyde. The E. coli cells produced DR5P from glucose and acetaldehyde in the presence of ATP. Under the optimal conditions, 100 mM DR5P was produced from 900 mM glucose, 200 mM acetaldehyde, and 100 mM ATP by the E. coli cells. The DR5P produced was further transformed to 2'-deoxyribonucleoside through coupling the enzymatic reactions of phosphopentomutase and nucleoside phosphorylase. These results indicated that production of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside from glucose, acetaldehyde, and a nucleobase is possible with the addition of a suitable energy source, such as ATP.
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PMID:Construction of deoxyriboaldolase-overexpressing Escherichia coli and its application to 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate synthesis from glucose and acetaldehyde for 2'-deoxyribonucleoside production. 1283 46

Thirty-six consecutive cases of liver abscess seen at the BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Hospital, Dharan, Nepal, from 1995 to 1998, were reviewed. Twenty-one cases were male and 15 female, with a mean age of 42 years. Twenty-four cases (66.7%) were amebic, 7 (19.4%) pyogenic, 3 (8.3%) indeterminate and 2 (5.5%) tuberculous. The most frequent clinical features included fever (88%), leukocytosis (66.7%), abnormal level of serum albumin (44.4%) and alkaline phosphatase (38.9%). The liver abscess was single in 61.1%, multiple in 27.8%, and in 66.7% of cases the abscess was present in the right lobe of the liver. Ultrasonography was diagnostic in all cases. A positive culture of the abscess was obtained in 7 cases (19.4%). The most frequent bacteria found were Klebsiella pneumoniae (4;11.1%), followed by Escherichia coli (3;8.3%). Two cases were due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and none had malignancy. Percutaneous drainage was performed in 27 patients (75%). Mortality attributable to the abscess was 5.5%. We found percutaneous needle aspiration of liver abscess helpful in confirming diagnosis, as it provides a better bacteriological culture yield, gives a good outcome, and may uncover clinically unsuspected conditions like malignancy and tuberculosis. These two conditions should certainly be considered possible causes in our part of the world when an abscess fails to respond to standard treatment. In developing countries like Nepal, the clinical presentation of liver abscess has not varied over time. At present, rapid diagnosis and image-guided percutaneous drainage offer a better prognosis for liver abscess. We also recommend routine cytological examination of aspirated abscess materials, as well as stains and cultures for acid-fast bacilli.
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PMID:Liver abscess in the tropics: an experience from Nepal. 1569 Nov 50

Fasciolosis is recognized as an important human disease. Wistar rats experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica were examined using data obtained in the advanced chronic state of the disease (200, 300 and 400 days post-infection, dpi). Pigment stones (PS) and bile specimens were collected. The same procedure was applied in control rats. Liver tests were determined using stored serum samples. Bacteriological bile culture revealed viable bacteria (Escherichia coli, 45% of cases, Enterococcus faecalis, 45% and Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10%). The presence of bacterobilia was associated with liver serum enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST or SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and total bilirubin levels. Multivariate analysis suggested an association between bacterobilia and the following factors: duration of parasitic infection and intensity of parasitic infection supported the impression that the obstruction caused by advanced chronic fasciolosis in the rat may be related to biliary sepsis. Extrapolation to human infection in fasciolosis hyperendemic areas is discussed. In conclusion, the results of the rodent model should lead to a reconsideration of treatment features in human disease, i.e. therapeutic strategies should not only include a parasitic treatment but also consider the possibility of bacterial co-infection.
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PMID:High risk of bacterobilia in advanced experimental chronic fasciolosis. 1706 56

Complete medical evaluations were performed on 25 wild black lemurs (Eulemur macaco macaco) in Lokobe Reserve, northwestern Madagascar. Each animal received a complete physical examination. Weight, body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded. Blood samples were collected for complete blood cell count, differential white blood cell count, hemoparasite examination, serum biochemical profile, fat-soluble vitamin analysis, trace mineral analysis, and Toxoplasma gondii and viral serology. Fecal samples were collected for bacterial culture and endoparasite examination. Ectoparasites were collected and identified. Values were compared to established ranges from captive black lemurs in North American zoos. Significant differences exist between captive and wild animals for total white blood cell count, segmented neutrophil count, band neutrophil count, eosinophil count, monocyte count, and basophil count, and for serum biochemistry values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, serum alkaline phosphatase, total protein, creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, and creatine phosphokinase. One animal had a positive Toxoplasma titer. Detected endoparasites were identified as Lemuricola and Callistroura. Two ectoparasite mites were identified, one within the Psoroptes genus and one within the Laelapidae family. Enteric bacterial flora included Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Klebsiella ozaenae and Bacillus cereus.
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PMID:Biomedical evaluation of black lemurs (Eulemur macaco macaco) in Lokobe Reserve, Madagascar. 1746 78

An increased frequency of infections has been reported in patients with chronic liver disease. The tendency of patients in this population to acquire UTI is not completely understood. We aimed at investigating the incidence of UTI in children with cirrhosis, before liver transplantation. Twenty-six children (9 girls, 17 boys; mean age, 7.66 +/- 5.73 yr) with chronic liver disease who had undergone liver transplantation between 2002 and 2004 were included. On admission for liver transplantation, patients were examined for presence of UTI. Serum biochemistry, complete blood cell count, urinalysis and culture, glomerular filtration rate, and abdominal ultrasonography were performed prior to liver transplantation. Ten of 26 patients (38.5%) were found to have symptomatic UTI. Urine cultures revealed E. coli in five (50%), Klebsiella pneumoniae in three (30%), Enterococcus faecalis in one (10%), and Enterobacter aeruginosa in one (10%) patient(s), respectively, as etiologic factors. The etiologies of chronic liver disease in our patients with UTI were BA in five, PFIC in three, Wilson's disease in one, and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in one patient. We found a significantly greater number of UTIs in patients with biliary atresia than in those without biliary atresia (p < 0.05). The mean age of the patients with UTI was 2.75 +/- 3.49 yr, which was significantly lower than in those without UTI (9.75 +/- 4.86 yr, p < 0.05). Levels for white blood cells, thrombocytes, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in patients with UTI than in those without UTI. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to serum albumin, bilirubin, AST, GGT, BUN, or creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate, duration of disease, and PELD scores. In patients with bacteriuria, renal USG revealed normal findings in all, but except one patient who had pelvicalyceal dilatation. Scintigraphic findings demonstrated acute pyelonephritis in six (60%) patients with UTI. VCUG demonstrated vesicoureteral reflux in two patients. In conclusion, symptomatic UTI is common in children with cirrhosis. It occurs more frequently in patients with biliary atresia than it does in patients with other types of chronic liver disease. In febrile children with chronic liver disease, UTI should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Frequency of urinary tract infection in pediatric liver transplantation candidates. 1749 20

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are highly prevalent in Taiwan. Chronic hepatitis patients are at high risk of progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, HCC in association with liver abscess is very rare. Accordingly, this study analyzed the characteristics of HCC patients with liver abscess to improve the differential diagnosis of this condition. From January 2005 to July 2007, the medical records of nine HCC patients (4 females, 5 males; mean age, 65.8 years) treated for abscess formation at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Their clinical characteristics, images, management approaches and outcomes were analyzed. Fever and highly elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were noted in all patients. All aspirate cultures revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae. All of the cases of HCC were confirmed by cytology or pathology. The imaging studies, which included abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography, revealed liver tumors in all patients. In some cases, lead-enhanced hypervascular areas were noted. The patients were treated with antibiotic therapy, transhepatic arterial chemoembolization, or surgery. The findings of this study indicate that focal liver inflammatory changes may mimic solid neoplasms. Differential diagnosis of HCC with abscess is extremely difficult and may require aspiration cytology or pathology.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with liver abscess. 1976 59


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