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Query: UMLS:C0519030 (Klebsiella)
 21,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antibacterial activity of sisomicin -- a new aminoglycoside antibiotic -- as compared with gentamicin was tested on 521 bacterial strains of different species in a serial-dilution test. Staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli, Klebsialla-Enterobacter, indole-psitive Proteus strains, pseufomonads, Salmonads, Salmonellae, and Serratia marcescens were inhibited to the extent of 100% at a maximun of 4.0 mug/ml. Sisomicin showed a higher antibacterial activity against part of the bacterial species. Gentamicin-resistant pseudomonads and Klebsiella (clinical isolates) were still inhibited to the extent of 42 and 67%, respectively, by sisomicin. In addition to the determination of the MIC values for the use of different liquid media, investigations on the determin ation of the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), the effect of serum, pH, and inoculum on the bacterial activity, and investigations on the resistance development in vitro were also carried out.
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PMID:[Antibacterial activity of sisomicin in comparison with gentamicin]. 0 99

The in vitro activity of gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin, netilmicin, amikacin, kanamycin and streptomycin was tested simultaneously by the agar dilution method against 584 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli that were resistant to gentamicin and/or tobramycin. About half of the gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas were susceptible to tobramycin but cross-resistance was virtually complete between gentamicin and tobramycin for Enterobacteriaceae. Sisomicin was much more active than gentamicin against Klebsiella, Escherichia and Citrobacter species. Only 18.9%, 27.4% and 27.9% of Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Serratia respectively were resistant to netilmicin. Amikacin was the most effective aminoglycoside with an overall resistance of 15.6%. Kanamycin was effective against 40% of Proteus and Providencia species. Surprisingly, more than half of Klebsiella and Enterobacter species and 85.3% of Serratia species were susceptible to streptomycin.
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PMID:In vitro susceptibility of gentamicin and/or tobramycin resistant gram-negative bacilli to seven aminoglycosides. 9 51

Since 1973 30 patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) or pyelonephritis have been treated with sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside, in a daily dose of 2 mg/kg for a period of seven to nine days. From a clinical point of view the result of treatment was good. Complete resolution was achieved in 17 patients, improvement in nine, and there was no effect in four patients. Thirty-five causative organisms (Escherichia coli = 23, Proteus sp. = 7, Klebsiella sp. = 3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa = 1, Citrobacter = 1) were isolated before treatment. Thirty of the organisms were eliminated during treatment, but seven reappeared during the follow-up period; five strains persisted. Side effects observed consisted of reversible increase of serum creatinine in four patients, excretion of granular casts in 14 patients, and a transient rise of alkaline phosphatase, SGOT and/or SGPT in five patients. No signs of ototoxicity or any other adverse reactions were found and local tolerance was good. In 20 patients blood samples for assay were obtained daily one hour after i. m. injection of 1.0 mg/kg. No evidence of drug accumulation in the serum was found: the mean serum concentrations one hour after injection remained between 3.4 and 3,9 microgram/ml during the entire treatment period. Sisomicin is a highly effective antibiotic for the treatment of UTI caused by gramnegative pathogens. On account of its potential toxicity however, it should be used, like other aminoglycosides, only in selected cases.
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PMID:[Efficacy, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of sisomicin in urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. 10 44

Sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic which is produced by Micromonospora myoensis, was studied against 565 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. With the exception of Serratia marcescens, over 90% of isolates of gram-negative bacilli were inhibited by 1.56 mug/ml or less of sisomicin. Sisomicin was slightly more active than gentamicin and tobramycin aganist isolates of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella spp. It was substantially more active than butirosin and kanamycin against all gram-negative bacilli. Isolates of gram-negative bacilli which were resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin were also resistant to sisomicin. Most of these isolates were sensitive to amikacin.
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PMID:In vitro activity of sisomicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, against clinical isolates. 23 15

Sisomicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is especially effective against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, indole-positive and indole-negative Proteus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. It has a bactericidal action. Although sisomicin is similar to the other aminoglycoside antibiotics, there is not complete cross-resistance to them. Our own pharmacokinetic investigations showed that a dose of 2--3 mg/kg body weight of sisomicin twice daily is necessary in the neonatal period. Infants should be given 2.5 mg/kg body weight three times daily, and school children 1.5--20 mg/kg body weight, likewise three times daily. Excretion of sisomicin in the urine is lower in children than in adults, amounting within 24 hours to only 10--20% in newborns, and 30--40% in school-children. Sisomicin induces excretion of some enzymes in higher quantities from the tubular part of the kidneys, especially alaninaminopeptidase. A report is given on 58 patients, especially newborns and prematures, who were treated for about seven days with sisomicin. The results obtained with a wide variety of infections (such as omphalitis, aspiration of amniotic fluid with broncho-pneumonia, phlegmons of the galea, and also pyelonephritis and mucoviscidosis with pulmonary complications) can be described as good, with a success rate of 85%. On only seven occasions were insignificant transitory side-effects, such as slight increase in transaminases, toxic-allergic exanthema and pain in the region in injection, observed.
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PMID:[Experience with sisomicin in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 38 23

One hundred and thirty-nine febrile episodes in 120 patients were treated with sisomicin after a combination of carbenicillin and a cephalosporin antibiotic had failed. These patients were randomized to receive sisomicin either by continuous or by intermittent infusion. The response rate for patients treated with sisomicin was 61 percent by continuous infusion and 46 percent by intermittent infusion, which was not statistically significant. Pneumonia, septicemia, and soft tissue infections were the most frequent infections. Most (96 percent) of the identified pathogens were gram-negative bacilli with the most frequent being Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The response rate was higher in those patients whose neutrophil count increased or remained the same while on therapy. The worst response was obtained if there was a decrease in the neutrophil count during therapy. The major toxicity of sisomicin was found to be azotemia and occurred in 17 percent of episodes treated by continuous infusion and in 21 percent treated by intermittent infusion. Hearing loss in the high frequency range occurred in five patients. Sisomicin is effective in the treatment of gram negative infections in neutropenic cancer patients.
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PMID:A comparative trial of sisomicin therapy by intermittent versus continuous infusion. 60 58

The aminoglycosides sisomicin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and kanamycin are highly active against staphylococci including the penicillinase-positive strains. Sisomicin is more effective than amikacin and kanamycin. Mixed infections with staphylococci and Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa are thus on indication for treatment with sisomicin or other aminoglycosides. Infections with E. coli, Enterobacter, susceptible Klebsiella, and susceptible Pseudomonas strains can be treated with sisomicin, gentamicin or tobramycin. In such cases sisomicin is the most effective antibiotic because of its high antimicrobial activity. In infections with these organisms amikacin can also be used for treatment especially if there is resistance to other aminoglycosides. In hospital-acquired infections with Serratia marcescens amikacin and sisomicin are the drugs of choice. Both aminoglycosides have to be given in high doses in infections with Serratia because of the high inhibitory concentration for Serratia. Sisomicin demonstrates a high antimicrobial activity particularly against indole-positive Proteus species such as Proteus vulgaris and Proteus morganii, Enterobacter, and gentamicin-sensitive Pseudomonas strains. In infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa tobramycin is the most effective bactericidal antibiotic. Amikacin is the drug of choice against gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas strains which are also not infrequently resistant to other aminoglycosides. The low proportion of resistance to sisomicin of 7,6% in 370 organisms is only exceeded by amikacin with a rate of 0,6% (resistance to tobramycin 11,4%, gentamicin, 13,2% and kanamycin 42,4%). The low rate of resistance and the high antimicrobial activity are essential advantages of sisomicin.
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PMID:[Antimicrobial effectiveness of sisomicin. I: In vitro activity of sisomicin compared with gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and kanamycin (author's transl)]. 78 46

Sisomicin and gentamicin were tested in vitro against 222 clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria using the ICS agar dilution procedure. The two drugs were comparable in terms of overall activity although statistical analyses of the data revealed significant differences in their activity against several genera. Sisomicin was significantly more active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p less than 0.001), Proteus mirabilis (p less than 0.005), and Escherichia coli (p less than 0.01); gentamicin was significantly more active against Klebsiella (p less than 0.001). In most instances, 4.0 mug/ml of either drug was inhibitory for 90% or more of the isolates of each genus tested.
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PMID:In vitro studies with sisomicin and gentamicin. 82 25

Sisomicin was found to be more active on a weight basis than gentamicin against Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., and indole-positive Proteus. Gentamicin was more active than sisomicin against Escherichia coli, Serratia sp., Enterobacter sp., and Proteus mirabilis. Both antibiotics were very active against methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
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PMID:Comparison of the antibacterial activities of sisomicin and gentamicin against gram-negative bacteria. 121 27

Sisomicin is a new antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. The in vitro activities of sisomicin, gentamicin, and tobramycin, three similar aminoglycosides, were determined against 228 clinical isolates representing 10 genera of common pathogens. No difference was noted in the activities of these antimicrobial agents when assayed by a standard broth dilution technique against Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Salmonella, Citrobacter, enterococci, or Staphylococcus aureus. Sisomicin was significantly more active than tobramycin against Serratia and indole-positive Proteus strains. Sisomicin was significantly more active than gentamicin against indole-negative Proteus strains and slightly more active against indole-positive Proteus strains. Tobramycin was more active than sisomicin or gentamicin against Pseudomonas and indole-negative Proteus strains. Gram-negative bacilli resistant to one of the three antimicrobial agents were not necessarily resistant to either of the other two. Activity of sisomicin was independent of the susceptibility or resistance of these isolates to nine other antimicrobial agents as assayed by the Bauer-Kirby technique. The presence of 50% human serum did not antagonize the in vitro activity of sisomicin against gram-negative isolates. Because sisomicin showed certain advantages over gentamicin or tobramycin in vitro, further investigation of this new antimicrobial agent is warranted.
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PMID:Sisomicin: evaluation in vitro and comparison with gentamicin and tobramycin. 479 May 72


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