Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0519030 (Klebsiella)
 21,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ofloxacin was used in the treatment of 15 patients (12 with pneumonia and 3 with aggravated chronic bronchitis). The drug was administered at first intravenously in a dose of 200 mg twice a day for 3 days and then orally in the same dosage. Before the treatment Streptococcus, Pneumococcus and Klebsiella strains were isolated from the sputum specimens (12, 2 and 2 cases respectively). All the isolates except for 3 Streptococcus strains were susceptible to ofloxacin. After the treatment the recovery and improvement were stated in 14 patients. One patient with pneumonia at the background of chronic bronchitis due to resistant Streptococcus strains was excluded from the trial since the treatment with ofloxacin failed. 252 isolates from the sputum specimens of the patients with pulmonary affections were subjected to the laboratory tests and high activity of the fluoroquinolone against the gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was shown. The isolates were often resistant to tetracycline. It was concluded that the use of ofloxacin in the successive therapy of patients with pulmonary diseases was expedient.
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PMID:[Stepdown ofloxacin therapy in bronchopulmonary diseases]. 900 87

Antibacterial activity of ofloxacin in urine after a single oral dose of 400 mg was evaluated in ten healthy female volunteers. Urine was collected over six periods, i.e., 0-6 h, 6-12 h, 12-24 h, 24-48 h, 48-72 h, and 72-96 h postdose. Ofloxacin levels were assayed in all samples using a microbiological method and HPLC. Urinary ofloxacin MICs were determined for five bacterial strains recovered from urine, two E. coli strains of which one was susceptible and the other resistant to nalidixic acid (Nal-A), one Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to nalidixic acid (Nal-B), one Staphylococcus saprophyticus strain, and one Enterococcus faecalis strain; MICs were 0.06, 0.25, 1, 0.25, and 2 mg/L, respectively. Mean urinary ofloxacin levels by the microbiological method during the six collection periods were 193.3 +/- 30.3, 138.1 +/- 31, 53.2 +/- 7.3, 8.3 +/- 0.8, 1.4 +/- 0.2, and 0.6 +/- 0.1 mg/L, respectively. HPLC provided similar results: 216.7 +/- 31.6, 130.7 +/- 20.5, 56.5 +/- 7.1, 8.3 +/- 0.9, 1.5 +/- 0.3, and 0.5 +/- 0.05 mg/L, respectively. Mean urinary ofloxacin excretion over 96 h was 67.4 +/- 3.6% of the dose by the microbiological method was 72.5 +/- 2.5% of the dose by HPLC. On the first day, bacteriostatic activity of urine against enterobacteria exceeded 32 and was greater than 8192 for the nalidixic acid-susceptible E. coli strain; on the next day, overall values were equal or greater than 8 for the nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains. Bacteriostatic activity was equal to or greater than 32 for the S. saprophyticus strain during the first two days and equal to 8 on the first day and 4 on the second day for the E. faecalis strain.
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PMID:[Antibacterial activity of ofloxacin in urine for 4 days after a single oral dose of 400 mg]. 987 38

Long standing antibiotics therapy has resulted in growing bacteria resistance. We took a tube smear and prepared culture with antibiogram from the fifty intubated patients in the Intensive care unit in the war period. Gram-negative germs were the dominant ones in total sum, and among them the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (No 21), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (No 18), Klebsiella pneumoniae (No 18), were isolated most frequently. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed high resistance to Gentamicin (64%), Amikacin (35%), Trimethoprim (66%), Pefloxacin (20%), Ofloxacin (25%), Ciprofloxacin (25%). Klebsiella pneumoniae is resistant to Gentamicin (68%), Amikacin (22%), Cephalosporin (100%), Trimethoprim (31%), but it showed no resistance to chinolones. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus is resistant to Gentamicin (73%), Amikacin (36%), Cephalosporin (100%), Trimethoprim (63%), Pefloxacin (33%), Ofloxacin (67%), Ciprofloxacin (46%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent among Gram-positive germs and it was resistant to Penicillin (100%), Gentamicin (40%), Lincocin (18%), Trimethoprim (5%), Pefloxacin (13%), Methicillin (21%), Cephalosporin (8%). The appearance of resistance on the antibiotics demands attentive follow-up aiming to influence the empirical application of antibiotics schemes depending on resistance.
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PMID:[Trends in resistant bacteria isolated from a tube smear in intubated patients in intensive care]. 1038 42

Forty patients were treated with ofloxacin for community acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Eighteen pathogens were isolated in sputum; Streptococcus pneumoniae (4) and Haemophilus influenzae (4) were the most common, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (3), Klebsiella spp. (2), Staphylococcus anreus (2), Pseudomonas spp. (2), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1). Ofloxacin 200 mg every 12 hours was administered for an average of 3.7 days intravenously followed by 5.4 days orally. Response to therapy was judged to be cure in 38 (95%; 95% C.I., 85%-95%) patients, failure in one (2.5%) and "indeterminate" in one (2.5%).
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PMID:Intravenous followed by oral ofloxacin in the treatment of community acquired lower respiratory tract infections in adults requiring hospitalisation. 1120 Jul 8

In a randomized crossover study, 16 volunteers (8 men, 8 women) received single oral doses of 320 mg of gemifloxacin and 400 mg of ofloxacin on two separate occasions in the fasting state to assess the urinary excretion and urinary bactericidal titers (UBTs) at intervals for up to 144 h. Ofloxacin showed higher concentrations in urine compared with those of gemifloxacin. The median (range) cumulative excretion of gemifloxacin was 29.7% (8.4 to 48.7%) of the parent drug administered, and median (range) cumulative excretion of ofloxacin was 84.3% (46.5 to 95.2%) of the parent drug administered. The UBTs, i.e., the highest twofold dilutions (with antibiotic-free urine as the diluent) of urine that were still bactericidal, were determined for a reference strain and nine uropathogens for which the MICs of gemifloxacin and ofloxacin were as follows: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, 0.016 and 0.06 microg/ml, respectively; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0.03 and 0.06 microg/ml, respectively; Proteus mirabilis, 0.125 and 0.125 microg/ml, respectively; Escherichia coli, 0.06 and 0.5 microg/ml, respectively; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 and 4 microg/ml, respectively; Staphylococcus aureus, 0.008 and 0.25 microg/ml, respectively; Enterococcus faecalis, 0.06 and 2 microg/ml, respectively; Staphylococcus aureus, 0.25 and 4 microg/ml, respectively; Enterococcus faecalis, 0.5 and 32 microg/ml, respectively; and Staphylococcus aureus, 2 and 32 microg/ml, respectively. Generally, the UBTs for gram-positive uropathogens were higher for gemifloxacin than for ofloxacin and the UBTs for gram-negative uropathogens were higher for ofloxacin than for gemifloxacin. According to the UBTs, ofloxacin-resistant uropathogens (MICs, >or=4 mg/liter) should also be considered gemifloxacin resistant. Although clinical trials have shown that gemifloxacin is effective for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, whether an oral dosage of 320 mg of gemifloxacin once daily is also adequate for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections has yet to be confirmed.
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PMID:Urinary excretion and bactericidal activities of gemifloxacin and ofloxacin after a single oral dose in healthy volunteers. 1170 34

Bacteriological studies were carried out on ear swabs from 361 cases of children with discharging ears at the Microbiology Department of the University College Hospital, Ibadan between March 1995 and February 1997. 308 (85.3%) had positive cultures. 78.6% of these yielded one isolate, 19.2% yielded two isolates while 2.2% had three isolates. Pseudomonas spp. Was the predominant agent of CSOM and ASOM. This was followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Other commonly isolated organisms were Proteus and Klebsiella species. Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed the highest activity to all isolates, while two third of the isolates were sensitive to azithromycin, cefuroxime, ceftriazone and gentimicin.
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PMID:Bacterial agents of discharging ears and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in children in Ibadan, Nigeria. 1176 12

Symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major public health concern in the developed world, accounting for almost 8 million annual outpatient and emergency department visits in the US alone, while also representing one of the most common hospital-acquired infections. The vast majority of uncomplicated UTIs are caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Escherichia coli, with other pathogens including enterococci, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella spp. and Proteus mirabilis. Effective management of UTIs in both the inpatient and outpatient settings has been complicated by the fact that many uropathogenic strains have developed resistance to antimicrobials, including cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole), the current first-line treatment for uncomplicated UTIs in the US and many other countries. In some countries, other antimicrobial therapies, such as trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin, are also used for treatment of uncomplicated UTIs. Antimicrobial resistance has been associated with an increased rate of clinical failure, and reports from Canada and the US indicate that the prevalence of cotrimoxazole resistance exceeds 15% and can be as high as 25%.The emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance can be reduced with the use of agents that have favourable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles and convenient dose administration regimens that facilitate patient adherence and, therefore, pathogen eradication. Fluoroquinolones have been used successfully to treat a wide range of community- and hospital-acquired infections, and the rates of fluoroquinolone resistance have remained low. Use of fluoroquinolones is recommended for uncomplicated UTIs in areas where the incidence of cotrimoxazole resistance exceeds 10%, as well as for the treatment of complicated UTIs and acute pyelonephritis. Ciprofloxacin is a widely used fluoroquinolone with high bactericidal activity against uropathogens and well established clinical efficacy in the treatment of UTIs. A new, extended-release formulation of ciprofloxacin (Cipro XR) provides systemic drug exposure comparable with that achieved with twice-daily administration of conventional, immediate-release ciprofloxacin, while also attaining higher maximum plasma concentrations with less interpatient variability. Therapeutic drug concentrations with extended-release ciprofloxacin are established immediately after dose administration and maintained throughout the 24-hour dosage interval, permitting convenient, once-daily treatment. Clinical trial results confirm that extended-release ciprofloxacin is as safely used and effective as the conventional, immediate-release formulation of ciprofloxacin in patients with uncomplicated UTIs, complicated UTIs or acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis. These findings support the use of extended-release ciprofloxacin as a well tolerated, effective and convenient therapy for UTIs, which may improve patients' adherence to therapy and, thereby, reduce the risk of infection recurrence and emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
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PMID:Current issues in the management of urinary tract infections: extended-release ciprofloxacin as a novel treatment option. 1501 91

A prospective case control study that was conducted at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, between 1st January and 31st December 2002. The purpose of this study was to determine the association and the pattern of bacteria/microorganisms in the aetiology of pre-labour premature rupture of membrane (PROM) in this centre. A total of 108 cases of PROM and 98 control cases that presented between 37 completed weeks' and 40 weeks' gestation were analysed. Pathogens were isolated in 48 patients, giving a recovery rate of 44.4%. The common pathogens include Gardnerella vaginalis (29.1%), Candida (23.0%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18.7%). Others were Streps. Pyogenes (16.6%), coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS) (6.3%) and Klebsiella (6.3%). Only Candida and S. aureus were isolated in the controls. Ofloxacin and azithromycin were 100% active against all the isolated pathogens, while ampicillin was the least active. G. vaginalis was the most sensitive among the isolates while CONS and Klebsiella were the least sensitive. It is evident in this study that some pathogens were associated with PROM and that G. vaginalis was the most common organism and azithromycin was the only antibiotic with 100% sensitivity. We suggest that metronidazole should be added to azithromycin to cover for anaerobes in cases of PROM, where facilities for screening for anaerobes are not available.
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PMID:The bacteriology of pre-labour rupture of membranes in a Nigerian teaching hospital. 1636 80

Klesiella specie isolated from clinical specimens from Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital (EBSUTH). Abakakliki were studied to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Between January, 2003 and September 2004 a total of 3.600 specimens processed in the routine Medical Microbiology laboratory of EBSUTH, of which 245(6.8%) yielded Klebsiella species, with 84 from out - patients and 161 from in - patients. The number of isolates from various samples were: Urine 126, Sputum 37 Endocervical swab 13, Aspirates 8, High Vaginal Swab 7, Blood 3, Eye Swab, Ear Swab and Cerebrospinal fluid were 2 samples each. Organisms were identified by conventional methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by the disk diffusion methods. The antimicrobial disk used include: Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Cefotaxine, Augmentin, Pefloxacin (30ug), Doxycyline (25ug) Genticin (10 ug) Ciprofloacin and Ofloxacin (5ug) each and Erythromycin (15ug). All were Oxoid products. Results were interpreted according to NCCLS criteria. Klebsilla species were isolated mostly from urine specimens (51.4%) followed by wound swabs (18.4%). Antimicrobial susceptibility to various groups drugs used was generally poor. The most sensitive antimicrobial was Ciprofloxacin with 121(49.4%) isolates susceptible to it, followed by Gentamicin with 95 (38.8%) and Ceftazidime with 90(36.7%). Seventeen isolates were multiresistant to all the antimicrobial agents used. The result of this study will help in the empiric therapy of infection caused by Klebsiella species in Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria but continuous surverillance of antimicrobial resistance of the organnisn is very necessary in the formulation of a sound antibiotic policy in the hospital.
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PMID:Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella species from Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria. 1647 60

The most frequently isolated organism in chronic suppurative otitis media from different parts of the world is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pattern from this bacteriological study from our region is different. This study was carried out on 97 patients presenting to the outpatient clinic of the National Ear Care Center, Kaduna. Nigeria from May 2008 to April 2009. The patients were aged between 1 year and 75 years comprising 50) males and 47 females giving a male to female ratio of 1:1. Most of the patients (n=40, 41.2%) were in the age group 1-10) years. Seventy-five (77.3%) patients had a positive culture while in 22 (22.7%) patients there was no growth. Gram-negative bacteria comprised 80% of the isolates. The predominant organisms cultured were Klebsiella sp (n=31, 41.3%), Escherichia coli (n=22, 29.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=6, 8%). The gram-positive isolates were Streptococcus sp (n=8, 10.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=7, 9.3%). In-vitro drug sensitivity pattern of all isolates shows that they were more sensitive to Ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and Perfloxacin. Klebsiella sp. Escherichia coli and Streptococcus sp. are the leading pathogenic organisms in chronic suppurative otitis media in our region and their ensitivity rates are highest to the quinolone antibiotics, which are relatively cheap, readily available as ototopic agents and lack ototoxic effects.
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PMID:Bacterial isolates in chronic suppurative otitis media: a changing pattern? 2197 Feb 68


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