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Query: UMLS:C0519030 (Klebsiella)
 21,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Significant decrease in the tone of the rectal mucosa venules was to be seen at the climax of acute Proteus and Klebsiella enterocolitis, as evidenced by examinations with the aid of rheorectograph and an analyzer of intracavitary motor activity, general blood supply to the intestinal segment under study being not compromised. The tone of the rectal mucous membrane arterioles is raised at the climax of acute dysentery caused by a Flexner type of organism in erosive and haemorrhagic proctosigmoiditis. With the clinical recovery being set in, the blood supply to this area fails to return to normal. The excitability of the inner anal sphincter was noted to be on the increase at the climax of acute S. flexneri dysentery, this showing up predominantly in erosive and haemorrhagic proctosigmoiditis, ceasing to reveal itself in the period of reconvalescentia.
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PMID:[The blood circulation of the rectal mucosa and the functional status of the rectal sphincter in acute infectious enterocolitis]. 783 89

The lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) system of Escherichia coli K-12 consists of two genes, lysS, which is constitutive, and lysU, which is inducible. It is of importance to know how extensively the two-gene LysRS system is distributed in procaryotes, in particular, among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. To this end, the enterics E. coli K-12 and B; E. coli reference collection (ECOR) isolates EC2, EC49, EC65, and EC68; Shigella flexneri; Salmonella typhimurium; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Enterobacter aerogenes; Serratia marcescens; and Proteus vulgaris and the nonenterics Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus megaterium were grown in AC broth to a pH of 5.5 or less or cultured in SABO medium at pH 5.0. These growth conditions are known to induce LysRS activity (LysU synthesis) in E. coli K-12. Significant induction of LysRS activity (twofold or better) was observed in the E. coli strains, the ECOR isolates, S. flexneri, K. pneumoniae, and E. aerogenes. To demonstrate an association between LysRS induction and two distinct LysRS genes, Southern blotting was performed with a probe representing an 871-bp fragment amplified from an internal portion of the coding region of the lysU gene. In initial experiments, chromosomal DNA from E. coli K-12 strain MC4100 (lysS+ lysU+) was double digested with either BamHI and HindIII or BamHI and SalI, producing hybridizable fragments of 12.4 and 4.2 kb and 6.6 and 5.2 kb, respectively. Subjecting the chromosomal DNA of E. coli K-12 strain GNB10181 (lysS+ delta lysU) to the same regimen established that the larger fragment from each digestion contained the lysU gene. The results of Southern blot analysis of the other bacterial strains revealed that two hybridizable fragments were obtained from all of the E. coli and ECOR collection strains examined and S. flexneri, K. pneumoniae, and E. aerogenes. Only one lysU homolog was found with S. typhimurium and S. marcescens, and none was obtained with P. vulgaris. A single hybridizable band was found with both P. aeruginose and B, megaterium. These results show that the dual-gene LysRS system is not confined to E. coli K-12 and indicate that it may have first appeared in the genus Enterobacter.
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PMID:The occurrence of duplicate lysyl-tRNA synthetase gene homologs in Escherichia coli and other procaryotes. 789 14

YmoA and Hha are highly similar bacterial proteins downregulating gene expression in Yersinia enterocolitica and Escherichia coli, respectively. The phenotype of ymoA mutants evokes that of mutants affected in some histone-like proteins. This paper describes complementation of a ymoA mutation in Y. enterocolitica by the hha gene from E. coli. We show that YmoA and Hha are not only very similar proteins but that they are functionally interchangeable. Genetic experiments indicate that Hha can also stimulate transposition events in vivo. By Southern blot analysis we detected hha-homologous genes at least in Citrobacter diversus, Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium. We suggest that both YmoA and Hha belong to a new family of proteins downregulating gene expression in different enterobacteria.
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PMID:A new class of proteins regulating gene expression in enterobacteria. 814 48

The invasive phenotype of Shigella flexneri is conferred by a 220 kb virulence plasmid, pWR100, that encodes both the lpa proteins, which are involved in the entry process, and factors which are required for the export and correct localization of the lpa proteins. We have characterized the mxiD gene, whose expression, like that of the ipa operon, is regulated by temperature. After inactivation of mxiD, the mutant strain was unable to invade HeLa cells and to provoke keratoconjunctivitis in guinea-pigs. Analysis of culture supernatants indicated that wild-type S. flexneri secretes about nine polypeptides and that secretion of several of these, including lpaA, lpaB, and lpaC, is abolished in the mxiD mutant. Examination of the membrane proteins of the wild-type and mxiD strains suggested that MxiD is an outer membrane protein. Amino acid sequence comparison revealed that MxiD is homologous to the YscC protein of Yersinia enterocolitica and to the C-terminal region of the PulD protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Both YscC and PulD are involved in extracellular protein secretion. These results indicate that MxiD is an essential component of the lpa secretion apparatus.
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PMID:MxiD, an outer membrane protein necessary for the secretion of the Shigella flexneri lpa invasins. 843 20

The antibacterial activity of the extracts of bryozoan E. bellula (Hincks) was tested against ten bacterial strains by antibiotic disc diffusion method. The maximum activity was observed against Proteus vulgaris, while Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella flexneri were insensitive to the bryozoan.
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PMID:Antibacterial activity of the bryozoan Electra bellula (Hincks). 850 81

Giardia lamblia is recognized as one of the most common agents for diarrhea world wide. To date, microscopical examination of stool samples is the gold standard for giardiasis diagnosis. However, intermittence of the Giardia cycle and some medications may cause temporary disappearance of cysts from stools, thus giving false negative results. In the present study, we evaluated a commercially available enzyme immunoassay kit (GiardEIA) for the detection of Giardia copro-antigens and compared the results with those of the merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde concentration (MIFC) microscopical examination technique. Sixty-nine fecal samples from children 2-12 years old were emulsified and allowed to react with a Giardia specific antibody, then with an enzyme conjugated antibody and the reaction was developed colorimetrically. Seventy-four percent of the parasitologically positive Giardia cases were also positive by GiardEIA while 26% of the microscopically negative cases were positive by the assay. GiardEIA gave negative results with 82% and 100% of stools with helminthic and protozoan (other than Giardia) infections, respectively. Similarly, no cross-reactivity was found with any of the bacterial agents including Shigella flexneri, pathogenic E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and Salmonella typhi. GiardEIA is a simple assay that can diagnose 24 samples in less than an hour without the need for any special equipment and can be useful in epidemiological surveys and in giardiasis outbreaks.
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PMID:Evaluation of GiardEIA kit for giardiasis diagnosis. 858 58

There is strong circumstantial evidence to support the concept that local microbial antigens play a key role in the synovitis of reactive arthritis (ReA) patients. It is not at all clear whether these antigens reflect the sequelae of previously viable organisms once resident in the joint. To address the microbicidal activity of synovial fluid (SF) we performed quantitative cultures of arthritogenic organisms (Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and controls (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) in the presence of SF from patients with ReA. There was a dramatic inhibitory effect of SF on the Gram-negative organisms (mean 1.35x10(5) organisms at 3h; 0 organisms at 24 h) in contrast to Staph. aureus (1.61x10(5) at 3h; 5.70x10(5) at 24 h). This SF bactericidal phenomenon was observed in 11/11 ReA patients, 5/8 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 1/8 osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Using a sandwich ELISA, we measured SF levels of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI). BPI was detectable in all ReA SF (range 4.6-333ng/ml)) and RA SF (range 343-2570ng/ml), but was absent in 5/6 OA SF tested. Anti-BPI antibodies, however, did not fully neutralize the bactericidal activity of inflammatory SF. In contrast to the SF effects observed on Gram-negative bacteria, Chlamydia trachomatis cultured within HeLa cells thrived in the presence of SF. Indeed extracellular Chlamydia could easily be passaged through cultured synovial fibroblasts in the presence of SF. These findings indicate that the potent microbicidal activity of SF may account for the failure to recover viable organisms from the joint in ReA. Chlamydia alone amongst these organisms demonstrates resistance to microbicidal effect of SF, which may relate to the pathogenesis of Chlamydia-induced arthritis.
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PMID:Comparative microbicidal activity of synovial fluid on arthritogenic organisms. 860 38

A strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae was found as the only isolate with pathogenic potential from the stool of a two-year old patient with diarrhoea. A strong serological cross-reactivity with Shigella flexneri serotype 6 was demonstrated. The cross-reacting antigens were shown to reside in the cell wall lipopoly-saccharide. Studies of the pathogenic potential of the Klebsiella strain showed low level of invasion of HEp-2 cells. However, tests for adherence to HEp-2 cells as well as tests for toxin production were negative. The strain had several small plasmids and was multidrug resistant. These data do not form a sufficient basis for estimating the pathogenic potential of the organism. No K antigen was detected. The structure of the O-antigenic polysaccharide from the K. pneumoniae strain was investigated using methylation analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and Smith degradation as the principal methods. The O-antigenic polysaccharide has the following pentasaccharide repeating unit: -->3)- alpha -L-Rhap-(1-->3)- alpha -L-Rhap-(1-->2)- alpha-L-Rhap- (1-->2)- alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->2)- alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->. This structure is not identical to any of the previously described O-antigens of K. pneumoniae. The strong serological cross-reactivity with the Shigella flexneri serotype 6 O-antigen can most likely be attributed to the structural element alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->2)- alpha -L-Rhap present in the O-polysaccharide repeating unit of this serotype. Antiserum raised against the K. pneumoniae strain also agglutinated S. dysenteriae serotype 1 and strains of all different serotypes of S. flexneri. The Shigella strains contain the structural element alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)- alpha-L-Rhap in their O-antigen polysaccharides which may be responsible for the observed cross-reactivity.
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PMID:A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain that shares a type-specific antigen with Shigella flexneri serotype 6. Characterization of the strain and strain and structural studies of the O-antigenic polysaccharide. 864 26

Recent reports of fastidious pathogens suggest the need for special blood cultures for immunocompromised patients. Blood cultures from 45 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with unexplained fever (> or = 38.0 degrees C) and CD4 counts of < 125 cells per mm3 were collected into a vacuum tube with sodium polyanetholsulfonate, an Isolator tube, and BACTEC aerobic and anaerobic bottles. Blood from the sodium polyanethosulfonate tube was inoculated into BACTEC 13A bottles, which were read weekly for 16 weeks. Isolator sediment was divided among eight agar media, including four sheep blood agar media: chocolate agar, brain heart infusion blood agar, heart infusion blood agar, and brucella blood agar. Other agar plates included Sabouraud's, buffered charcoal-yeast extract, Middlebrook 7H11 (M7H11) with hemoglobin, and M7H11 with mycobactin J. Incubation conditions included air and CO2-enriched aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic atmospheres. Aerobic BACTEC broths received an acridine orange stain on day 8 and were subcultured at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Anaerobic BACTEC bottles were subcultured at 4 weeks. All solid media, including subcultures, were incubated for 8 weeks, providing a total of 16 weeks of incubation for each specimen. Clinically significant isolates included eight Mycobacterium avium complex isolates and one each of Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Cryptococcus neoformans. All isolates were detected with commercially available media and, with the exception of Bartonella spp., were recovered within incubation times routinely used in most clinical laboratories.
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PMID:Evaluation of an extended blood culture protocol to isolate fastidious organisms from patients with AIDS. 888 Apr 97

The spent culture supernatant of the human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB produces an antibacterial activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. It decreased the in vitro viability of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. In contrast, it did not inhibit lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The activity was heat stable and relatively sensitive to enzymatic treatments and developed under acidic conditions. The antimicrobial activity was independent of lactic acid production. Activity against S. typhimurium SL1344 infecting human cultured intestinal Caco-2 cells was observed as it was in the conventional C3H/He/oujco mouse model with S. typhimurium C5 infection and oral treatment with the LB spent culture supernatant.
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PMID:Antibacterial effect of the adhering human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB. 914 67


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