Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0519030 (Klebsiella)
 21,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results are presented of the second part of the studies conducted for monitoring of the variability of bacterial factors causing diarrhoea in the youngest children. The presently reported study comprised 42 babies aged from 7 days to 18 months treated in hospital in January 1987. The number of children with diarrhoea hospitalized in this period was relatively smaller than in January 1985, while the incidence of enteropathogenic bacteria in stools was very similar. They included mainly Klebsiella and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains, especially in the youngest children. In only one case Salmonella arizonae was found while in 1985 a very high number of Salmonella agona strains were cultured, especially from newborns. In both parts of the study Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia enterocolitica were never found in stools. In both parts of the study the course of bacterial diarrhoea was mostly moderately severe, loose stools continued usually for 3-4 days, but in the second part more cases of severe diarrhoea were noted, which, however, could not have been related to the bacterial species cultured from stools or to the presence of mixed bacterial flora. The importance is stressed of the carrier state of enteropathogenic bacteria which was observed in three-fourths of patients in January 1987, while in January 1985 this was present in nearly all cases without diarrhoea.
 ...
PMID:[Bacterial etiological factors of diarrhea in the stool of infants hospitalized in January 1987]. 270 37

Agar dilution MICs of FCE 22101 were measured for 894 consecutively-isolated Gram-negative rods from clinical specimens (413 Escherichia coli, 104 Klebsiella spp., 54 Enterobacter spp., 19 Citrobacter spp., 131 Proteus spp., 43 Acinetobacter spp., 9 Serratia spp., 3 Providencia spp., 4 Yersinia spp., 3 Hafnia spp. and 111 Pseudomonas spp.). Excluding Pseudomonas spp., 98% of these isolates were susceptible to 8 mg/l FCE 22101. Resistance (MIC greater than 8 mg/l) varied from 11% in Serratia spp. to 0% in Citrobacter spp. Interactions between FCE 22101 and gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin were tested by the chequerboard method for 150 of the isolates. The geometric mean sigma FICs were 0.80 for FCE + gentamicin, 0.78 for FCE + tobramycin and 0.79 for FCE + amikacin. Synergy, defined at FIC index (sigma FIC) less than 0.5, for at least one combination, was found in only 16/150 (11%) of the isolates. Most other isolates showed an additive response (sigma FIC = greater than 0.5-1). No antagonism was detected. No significant difference was observed between the various species tested, except that sigma FIC values were lower (geometric mean sigma FIC = 0.61-0.68) for non-fermentative species than for fermentative species (geometric mean sigma FIC = 0.83-0.86). Likewise, geometric sigma FIC values were lower (0.67-0.69) for isolates resistant to FCE and/or aminoglycosides than for those susceptible to both components (sigma FIC 0.85-0.88).
 ...
PMID:In-vitro interactions of FCE 22101 with aminoglycosides against gram-negative rods. 273 32

ELISA quantitation of antibodies to Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, and Yersinia enterocolitica was conducted in 75 ankylosing spondylitis (AS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) probands and in 262 of their first-degree relatives. The control group comprised 28 healthy donors. Sixteen (64 per cent) AS probands (12 with B27+) and 26 (30.2 per cent) their relatives (14 with B27+) were found to have high titres of antibodies to Klebsiella pneumonia. In 18 (60 per cent) active RA probands and 27 (23.7 per cent) relatives, antibodies to Proteus mirabilis were found. The obtained results suggest the presence of genetic determinants of the increased immune response to various infectious agents, at least in the AS cases. The possibility of Enterobacteriaceae acting as polyclonal stimulators is not excluded.
 ...
PMID:[Circulation of intestinal infection in the families of patients with rheumatic diseases and the state of humoral immunity to enterobacterial antigens]. 277 62

A monoclonal antibody against the Yersinia enterocolitica 60-kilodalton (kDa) antigen, designated cross-reacting protein antigen (CRPA), was obtained by cell fusion. The CRPA common to gram-negative bacteria was purified from Y. enterocolitica by the affinity chromatography with the monoclonal antibody (IgG1) thus obtained. The purified CRPA showed a single band of 60 kDa in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and reacted with rabbit antisera against Y. enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella sonnei in Western blot analysis. The monoclonal antibody, however, reacted with a 60 kDa peptide from Y. enterocolitica, but not with the antigens from other gram-negative bacteria such as V. cholerae, E. coli, S. sonnei, Salmonella enteritidis, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and P. aeruginosa. The results suggested that both species-specific and cross-reactive epitopes were present on a CRPA molecule.
 ...
PMID:Purification of cross-reacting protein antigen shared by Yersinia enterocolitica and other gram-negative bacteria with monoclonal antibody. 277 74

The in-vitro activity of meropenem, a new parenteral carbapenem, was compared with that of imipenem, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, piperacillin, gentamicin and, where appropriate, other antibiotics against recent clinical isolates and characterized beta-lactamase producers. MICs were determined by a standard agar dilution procedure and two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) cfu) were used throughout. Meropenem inhibited 90% of isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, indole-positive Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens and Providencia stuartii at less than or equal to 0.25 mg/l and was four- to 16-fold more active than imipenem against these species. Against the enteric pathogens Salmonella typhi, Shigella sonnei, Yersinia enterocolitica and Campylobacter jejuni, meropenem was four- to eight-fold more active than imipenem, inhibiting all isolates at less than or equal to 0.03 mg/l. Meropenem was also more active than imipenem against Haemophilus influenzae (MIC90 0.06 mg/l) but had similar activity against the Bacteroides fragilis group (MIC90 0.25 mg/l), against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC90 2 mg/l) and against streptococci. Imipenem was four-fold more active than meropenem against Acinetobacter spp. and two- to eight-fold more active against all species of staphylococci tested. Both meropenem and imipenem were inactive against Ps. (Xanthomonas) maltophilia.
 ...
PMID:In-vitro activity of meropenem against clinical isolates obtained in Canada. 280 16

SQ 30836 is an orally absorbed salt of tigemonam, a new monobactam similar to aztreonam in structure and microbiologic properties. When assayed against 400 clinical isolates, tigemonam's activity was similar to that of aztreonam and carumonam. It was highly effective against Enterobacteriaceae but showed poor activity against gram-positive organisms. It inhibited 90% of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Shigella, Yersinia, Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella strains at 0.5 micrograms/mL or less, and all Salmonella and Hafnia strains at 1 micrograms/mL or less. Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Serratia strains were less susceptible (minimum inhibitory concentrations [MIC30] of 2, 32, and 8 micrograms/mL respectively). The activity of the new compound against Enterobacteriaceae is comparable with and often higher than that of third-generation cephalosporins and oral comparison compounds. In contrast to aztreonam, tigemonam had minimal activity against Pseudomonas sp and glucose nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria. Data suggest that poor penetration through the outer membranes of Pseudomonas sp may be responsible for this failure. Tigemonam was stable to hydrolysis by plasmid-mediated and chromosomal beta-lactamases. It was more stable than aztreonam to hydrolysis by the Kl enzyme of Klebsiella and by the Proteus vulgaris beta-lactamase. Also, measurement of the IC50 (concentration of inhibitor able to reduce the activity of the enzyme by 59%) showed that tigemonam has less affinity than aztreonam for class I cephalosporinases. However, only levels of beta-lactamase, not hydrolysis rates or affinity, correlated to MICs of the two monobactams for the resistant Enterobacter and Citrobacter strains.
 ...
PMID:Antibacterial activity of tigemonam dicholate (SQ 30836) and interaction with beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria. 280 98

The in vitro activity of tigemonam, a new oral monobactam, was studied with special attention to minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). Against 250 clinical isolates, it inhibited 100% of Escherichia sp., Klebsiella sp., Serratia sp., Citrobacter sp., Providencia sp., Proteus sp., Morganella sp., Aeromonas sp., Yersinia sp., Shigella sp., and Haemophilus sp. at 0.5 mg/L or less. With 1 mg/L, 75% of Enterobacter sp. were inhibited; however, three of the 20 strains tested needed more than 16 mg/L. Proteus sp., Morganella sp. and Providencia sp. were more susceptible, with MIC90s of 0.06 mg/L or less. The MBC was equal to or two times higher than the MIC. Increasing the inoculum size from 10(3) to 10(5) colony-forming units had little effect on MIC and MBC; with an inoculum of 10(7) or more, MIC and MBC increase three to eight times. MIC and MBC were a little lower in Mueller-Hinton base, and the presence of serum did not significantly change the MIC or the MBC. Tigemonam exhibits a rapid killing rate, but an increased antibiotic concentration was not accompanied by greater lethal effect, and the lethal rate at MBC was lower in trypticase soy broth (TSB) + 40% serum than in TSB alone.
 ...
PMID:In vitro studies of tigemonam: a comparison of the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC vs MBC). 280 1

Genetic determinants of the invasive phenotype of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), two common agents of bacillary dysentery, are encoded on large (180- to 210 kilobase), nonconjugative plasmids. Several plasmid-encoded antigens have been implicated as important bacterial ligands that mediate the attachment and invasion of colonic epithelial cells by the bacteria. Selected invasion plasmid antigen (ipa) genes have recently been cloned from Shigella flexneri serotype 5 into the lambda gt11 expression vector. Portions of three ipa genes (ipaB, ipaC, and ipaD) were tested as DNA probes for diagnostic detection of bacillary dysentery. Under stringent DNA hybridization conditions, all three DNA sequences hybridized to a single 4.6-kilobase HindIII fragment of the invasion plasmids of representative virulent Shigella spp. and EIEC strains. No hybridization was detected in isogenic, noninvasive Shigella mutants which had lost the invasion plasmid or had deleted the ipa gene region. Furthermore, these probes did not react with over 300 other enteric and nonenteric gram-negative bacteria tested, including Salmonella, Yersinia, Edwardsiella, Campylobacter, Vibrio, Klebsiella, Aeromonas, Enterobacter, Rickettsia, and Citrobacter spp. and various pathogenic E. coli strains. The use of unique invasion-essential gene segments as probes for the specific detection of invasive dysentery organisms should benefit both epidemiologic and diagnostic analyses of Shigella spp. and EIEC.
 ...
PMID:Development and testing of invasion-associated DNA probes for detection of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. 283 Mar 10

Certain enteropathogenic bacteria, including strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Yersinia enterocolitica, elicit their diarrhoeagenic effects by elaborating small molecular weight, heat-stable enterotoxins (STs). Structural and functional characteristics indicate that ST peptides are heterogeneous and two major subtypes, STa and STb, have been identified. Molecules of STa, unlike those of STb, are methanol-soluble and elicit their pathogenic effects by activating host cell guanylate cyclase activity and thereby increasing tissue cyclic GMP content: this increase in cyclic GMP causes fluid secretion. STa binds to specific proteinaceous receptors on intestinal cells but the nature of STa-receptor coupling to guanylate cyclase is poorly understood. The actions of STa, including binding to its receptor, activation of guanylate cyclase and stimulation of electrolyte transport, are rapid, reversible and tissue-specific. STa activates only particulate and not soluble guanylate cyclase. It alters the Vmax but not the apparent Km of this enzyme for Mg-GTP or Mn-GTP. At concentrations above 0.5-1 mM, calcium inhibits the STa activation of guanylate cyclase. The effects of calmodulin antagonists such as chlorpromazine on the activation of guanylate cyclase by STa are less clear. Inhibitors of phospholipid and arachidonic acid cascade pathways interfere with both basal and STa-stimulated guanylate cyclase. Membrane integrity is essential for STa activation of guanylate cyclase and the STa-receptor complex may activate the enzyme by intramembrane protein-protein interactions and/or perturbations. Interference with membrane phospholipid could alter such coupling.
 ...
PMID:Toxins which activate guanylate cyclase: heat-stable enterotoxins. 286 Oct 70

Type-3 fimbriae isolated from members of five different species of Klebsiella were 4-5 nm in diameter and agglutinated the tannic acid-treated erythrocytes of ox and, in some cases, the untanned erythrocytes of fowl. In sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the type-3 fimbrial proteins had mol. wts in the range 19 500-21 500. Hydrophobic amino acids comprised 39.6% of all the amino acids of the type-3 fimbrial protein of K. oxytoca strain 70/1. The type-1 fimbrial protein of Klebsiella had a mol. wt of c. 18 000 and the type-1 fimbriae were serologically distinct from the type-3 fimbriae. Our results for the type-3 fimbriae of Klebsiella were compared with those of others for morphologically similar and serologically related thin fimbriae of Salmonella and Yersinia.
 ...
PMID:A comparative study of the type-3 fimbriae of Klebsiella species. 286 53


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>