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Query: UMLS:C0519030 (Klebsiella)
 21,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two immunoprophylactic approaches to the control of infections caused by gramnegative bacilli were evaluated by study of experimental infections in animals. The core glycolipid antigen derived from the Re mutant of Salmonella minnesota R595 is shared by virtually all enteric bacteria, and immunization with this endotoxin protects against the hemodynamic sequelae of bacterial infection and pyrexia without enhancing intravascular clearance of bacteria. The degree of protection afforded by active and passive immunization with core glycolipid was significantly less than that conferred by type-specific immunization. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae share capsular antigens with some strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae; by the mechanism of enhanced opsonization, antibodies to S. pneumoniae may cross-protect against infection with E. coli or K. pneumoniae.
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PMID:Cross-protective immunity to Gram-negative bacilli: studies with core glycolipid of Salmonella minnesota and antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae. 1 38

The various species of marmosets are susceptible to a wide variety of infectious agents of which only a few have been fully characterized. Little is known concerning spontaneous disease in their natural habitat, and often deaths in the laboratory go unexplained. In captivity, Herpesvirus-T infection appears to be the most important viral infection, but serious disease may also follow infection with measles virus (rubeola) and an unidentified paramyxovirus. Bacterial diseases are multiple, but rarely occur as epizootics. Various species of Salmonella, Yersinia, Klebsiella, and Diplococcus are among the more frequent pathogens. Mycoses and parasitic infections are also numerous, but most do not result in major losses.
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PMID:Spontaneous infectious diseases of marmosets. 20 55

The causes of neonatal mortality in foals were studied over a period of two years. The total number of foals studied was 121. Bacterial infection was found to be an important factor. Infection caused by A. equuli (1.6%) which previously was the most important one, has been superseded by E. coli infection (56%). E. coli infections particularly occur during the first weeks of life and, depending on the course of the disease, give rise to various pathological changes. Infections running an acute course are mainly marked by pathological changes of the lung and lymphoid organs. Infections running a subacute course are frequently associated with polyarthritis and polyserositis. Another important cause of infection during the first weeks of life is Klebsiella pneumonia (10%). The pathological changes occurring in this infection are markedly similar to those in subacute E. coli infection. Infections with Salmonella spp. (7%) mainly occur in the older foals (1-3 months) affected with polyarthritis. C. equi and streptococcal infections (11%) also mainly occur in the older foals (1-3 months). The pathological features are characterized by generalized purulent lesions in various organs. In spite of the fact that post-mortem findings suggested septicaemia, bacteriological examination was negative in 12% of the foals. The discussion is concerned with an assessment of the relationship between the pathomorphological findings and the pathogenesis of the various infections.
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PMID:[Studies on the bacterial causes of neonatal mortality in foals. Report on post-mortem findings (author's transl)]. 36 36

Bacterial infections frequently,complicate pulmonary contusion and are the leading cause of death in such patients. This study evaluated the effects of pulmonary contusion alone and contusion associated with other factors on the ability to clear aerosolized bacteria from the lung. Lung bacterial clearance of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied in animals with isolated pulmonary contusion, or contusion associated with blood loss, rapid crystalloid infusion, or steroid administration. An isolated pulmonary contusion produced no impairment of the ability of the contused lung to clear either gram-negative or gram-positive organisms. The addition of acute blood loss and crystalloid infusion resulted in decreased clearance from the contused lung; steroid administration caused a marked depression in lung bacterial clearance from the noninjured lung as well. The canine model described allowed for study of regional differences in bacterial clearance. The data presented support several conclusions; (1) the contused lung is not more susceptible to bacterial infection than the normal lung: (2) acute blood loss renders the contused lung less able to clear bacteria; (3) crystalloid infusion markedly depresses lung bacterial clearance; and (4) steroids have a deleterious antibacterial effect on both contused and noncontused lungs.
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PMID:Lung bacterial clearance following pulmonary contusion. 38 41

Neonatal septic arthritis of the knee was encountered in nine infants during a two-year period, representing an incidence of 16.5 per 1,000 admissions to a neonatal intensive care unit. The etiologic agents included Staphylococcus aureus (3), Klebsiella (1), Streptococcus, group B (2), and Candida albicans (3). Two infants with systemic fungal infection died. Arthritis was the presenting feature of neonatal septicemia in three of six infants with bacterial infection and was accompanied by osteomyelitis in two. In eight of the infants, the same organism was cultured from the skin of the umbilicus as was cultured from the joint. Umbilical catheters had been placed in all of these infants. Full recovery of joint function has been noted in the seven surviving infants.
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PMID:Neonatal septic arthritis. 94 94

133 patients in an intensive care unit, who prior to admission had not shown any signs of bacterial infection and had not received antibiotic treatment, were assigned to two groups at random. One group received antibiotic prophylaxis with penicillins or cephalosporins (+Pat.), the other group did not receive antibiotics (-Pat.). Staph. aureus was the most frequent facultative pathogen in tracheal secretions and in the environment of "-Pat.". This organism was significantly more frequent in "-Pat." than in "+Pat." in both the tracheal secretions and the environment. Klebsiella spp. outnumbered all other species in "+Pat.". They were significantly more frequent in tracheal secretions of "+Pat." than of "-Pat.". In the first week of hospitalisation marked changes were seen in bacterial flora of tracheal secretions of "+Pat.". Colonization with grammnegative bacteria rose to nearly 100%, the frequency of Staph. aureus diminishing at the same time. Monitoring by contact cultures revealed that gramnegative rods were significantly more numerous in the environment of "+Pat." than of "-Pat.". Matching bacterial strains cultured from tracheal secretions and from the environment of the patients proved that "+Pat. spread significantly higher numbers of their gramnegative bacteria into the environment. The same is true of "-Pat." for Staph. aureus. Intubation had no noticeable effect on the degree of contamination of the surroundings with Staph. aureus. Gramnegative rods were significantly more frequent in tracheal secretions of patients with intubation than in patients without. The same trend was observed for environmental contamination. As the clinical results of this study have shown, antibiotic prophylaxis does not protect patients from infections to the extent expected. Patients, and particularly intubated patients, receiving antibiotic treatment have to be considered as sources of highly resistant gramnegative organisms.
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PMID:[The patient as a source of bacteria in intensive care units: influence of antibiotics and tracheal intubation (author's transl)]. 101 79

The incidence of hospital acquired acute bacterial infections among 164 several malnourished children admitted to the pediatric wards at the Muhimbili Medical Centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, were studied. On admission, a thorough physical examination and blood and urine cultures were done on each child. Cultures from ears, throat, skin, rectum, or stools were taken. 89 (54%) were males and 75 (46%) were females with an age range of 2-59 months. 90 (55%) had marasmus, 39 (24%) had kwashiorkor, and 35 (21%) had marasmic-kwashiorkor. On admission, 32 (82%) of the kwashiorkor cases and 88 (98%) of the marasmus cases had at least 1 bacterial infection (p 0.05), a statistically significant difference. The children were followed up for 2 weeks when repeat blood and urine cultures were done for all. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the single disc diffusion method for antimicrobial agents used (penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, cloxacillin, chloramphenicol, contrimoxazole, nitrofurantoin, and sulphonamide). Samples were taken from randomly selected sites in the wards: 20 from floors, 20 from sinks, 20 from towels, 20 from beds, and 20 from antiseptic container. By the end of their stay in the hospital, 80 (49%) of the patients had acquired a nosocomial infection. 24 (62%) kwashiorkor cases had a nosocomial infection, while 15 (44%) of marasmus-kwashiorkor as well as 41 (45%) of the marasmus patients had such an infection. 72% of female patients were at a higher risk of acquiring an infection compared with the males (46%) (P 0.05). E. coli and Klebsiella species were the most frequently detected organisms in urine, while Staphylococcus aureus was most common in blood. Of the 100 specimens taken from the wards, 38 yielded S. aureus, 26 yielded Klebsiella species, 10 had Streptococcus faecalis, and 4 had E. coli. Erythromycin, cloxacillin, and gentamicin had a strong effect against s. aureus. Klebsiella species and E. coli were completely sensitive to gentamicin. All 10 isolates of S. faecalis from the wards were sensitive to ampicillin, erythromycin, and penicillin.
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PMID:Nosocomial bacterial infections among children with severe protein energy malnutrition. 139 9

Gram-negative bacterial infections were documented in 6 neonatal New World camelids (5 Ilamas and 1 alpaca). The organisms isolated from blood before death or from multiple organs after death were Escherichia coli (n = 3), Actinobacillus sp (n = 1), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1). Only 2 crias survived, and 1 became blind secondary to retinal detachment and ocular inflammation, which developed after treatment for bacterial infection. Abnormal events during the perinatal period (prematurity, dystocia, cesarean section, weak at birth) were reported in all 6 crias. Signs of depression, convulsions, and/or coma were observed in all animals. Diarrhea and respiratory distress were also noticed in the 3 crias that died shortly after admission. Serum immunoglobulins were assessed, but without the benefit of a stall-side test specific for Ilama immunoglobulins. All crias were suspected to have poor transfer of maternal immunoglobulins. Hemograms and serum biochemical values prior to the initiation of treatment were obtained on 5 of the 6 crias. Total nucleated cells ranged from 1,400 to 23,100 cells/microliter. Four of the 5 crias has a left shift, and 2 crias had toxic neutrophils. Serum glucose concentrations, measured in 5 of 6 crias, ranged from 83 to 293 mg/dl. Serum creatinine values were high in 2 of 5 crias, 1 of which had acute tubular necrosis. Three crias with high serum electrolyte (sodium, chloride, or potassium) values subsequently died. Arterial blood gas values were assessed in 3 crias, 1 of which had respiratory alkalosis and mild hypoxemia.
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PMID:Gram-negative bacterial infection in neonatal New World camelids: six cases (1985-1991). 142 94

Effective treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (ABE) reduces the number of such exacerbations in such patients and may decrease or eliminate background symptoms and improve pulmonary function. The pathologic and physiologic abnormalities of the bronchial system in chronic bronchitis that predispose to bacterial infection probably include impaired mucociliary clearance, obstructed bronchioles, and bacterial infections of the bronchial epithelium. Exacerbations of bronchopulmonary symptoms are usually observed with ABE, although these symptoms are not unique to ABE. While culture and sensitivity testing is not usually required, microscopic examination of sputum is critical to determine the presence of bacterial infection. Bacteria in numbers significantly above the levels present when the patient's condition is stable and at least a doubling of the sputum neutrophil inflammatory level are essential criteria. Bacterial species observed with ABE include Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Neisseria species, with a lesser incidence of Klebsiella and Pseudomonas species. One or more elements of background therapy for ABE should accompany antimicrobial therapy, for example, physiotherapy, bronchodilators, and so forth. Ampicillin is effective, safe, economical, and thus remains the drug of choice for ABE. Quinolones are an effective alternative when ampicillin cannot be tolerated or if organisms are resistant. Dosing is at the upper range of recommendations, and the chosen drug should be given for a 10-14-day regimen. Patients should be reevaluated if symptoms and physical findings do not return to baseline after 5-7 days.
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PMID:Treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: state of the art. 176 8

Cefpirome (CPR, HR 810) was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 11 patients with ages from 4 months to 11 years with bacterial infection. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. CPR was administered to 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, a patient with pneumonia, a patient with tonsillitis, 2 patients with acute pharyngitis and a patient with suppurative parotitis at daily dosage levels ranging 55.5-91.7 mg/kg, divided into 3 using intravenous bolus injection or 30 minutes drip infusion. Clinical responses of the 11 patients were as follows: excellent; 8 patients, good; 2 patients, poor; 1 patient, hence the efficacy rate was 90.9%. 2. Neither clinical adverse reaction nor abnormal laboratory test value was observed except slight elevation of GOT and GPT in a patient and leukopenia in another. 3. MICs of CPR against 18 beta-lactamase producing strains isolated from patients were as follows. MIC against a strain of Staphylococcus aureus was 1.56 micrograms/ml, MICs against 3 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were less than 0.025 microgram/ml, those against 3 out of 5 strains of Enterobacter cloacae were less than 0.025 microgram/ml and those against the remaining 2 strains were 0.05 and 0.20 micrograms/ml. MICs against 2 out of 3 strains Acinetobacter lwoffi were 1.56 micrograms/ml, and that of the remaining 1 strain was 0.39 microgram/ml. MICs against 2 strains of Pseudomonas cepacia were 1.56 micrograms/ml. MICs against a strain of Pseudomonas putida and a strain of Citrobacter diversus were 0.78 and less than 0.025 microgram/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefpirome in children]. 188 Sep 23


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