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Query: UMLS:C0497406 (overweight)
 26,365 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Restudy of 306 "new immigrant Yemenite" Jews, an ethnic group in which, upon their arrival in Israel, no diabetes was detected, revealed, 25 yr after their immigration, an increased incidence of diabetes and higher plasma and lipoprotein-lipid levels. The prevalence of diabetes (defined as "glucose intolerance") rose to 11.8% (13.2% males and 9.7% females). Obesity in females resulted in increased prevalence of diabetes in all age groups, while in males it affected the older age group only. The male/female diabetic ratio was affected by weight status--in the underweight, diabetes was more prevalent in males, in the overweight, the rate of diabetes in females equaled that of males. In nondiabetics (those with normal glucose tolerance), neither the glucose tolerance nor the insulin response deteriorated with aging. Most diabetics had a delayed insulin response. However, about 50% of nondiabetics and diabetics had insulin response peak at 60 min and similar insulin levels. It appears that in newly discovered adult-onset diabetics in this population there is no shortage of insulin, but rather shortage of insulin action. In nondiabetics, the levels of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were higher than levels upon their arrival. In diabetics, the plasma TG, cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels were higher when compared to those of nondiabetics, especially in the group of overweight males. Hyperlipoproteinemia was diagnosed in 27.7% of diabetics and 11.0% of nondiabetics. In diabetics, the HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio was found to be reduced, significantly so in overweight diabetics.
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PMID:Diabetes, blood lipids, lipoproteins, and change of environment: restudy of the "new immigrant Yemenites" in Israel. 44 7

Epidemiological studies on the relationship of obesity, morbidity and mortality revealed the following results: In life insurance studies, excess mortality of obese people was found with more than 30 percent overweight. Mortality was caused by cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Obesity at issue of the policy in younger age was a greater risk than in the older age group. In prospective studies with long follow-up periods (greater than 16 years) it could be shown that obesity alone was a risk factor for coronary heart disease, the risk being greatest for men and middle aged women. However, the prevalence of accepted risk factors in an obese population is so high that the question whether obesity alone is a risk factor for coronary heart disease is of little interest. The correlations between obesity and risk factors were of minor magnitude; therefore other factors, such as age or HDL-cholesterol, should be considered in the elucidation of the relationship between obesity and coronary heart disease. HDL-cholesterol appears to be a powerful independent protective factor which is diminished in obesity. Despite the fact that studies proving a prolongation of life by treating obesity are not available, the treatment of obesity may be beneficial for the patient by diminishing risk factors.
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PMID:[Obesity and cardiovascular risk]. 64 7

Preparative ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic analysis of serum lipoproteins was performed in 30-70-year-old healthy, fasting males (N = 80) and females (N = 77), randomly selected from the Uppsala region, Sweden. The concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in total serum and in VLDL,LDL and HDL lipoprotein classes are reported. Total serum, VLDL and LDL triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations increased with age, while HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations did not vary with age. Overweight persons had higher total serum triglyceride, higher VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride and lower HDL cholesterol levels. The upper 90% population limit values for non-overweight males/females were: total triglycerides (mmol/l) 2.5/2.0, total cholesterol (mg/100 ml) 298/300, VLDL triglyceride 1.80/1.05, VLDL-cholesterol 32/33, LDL triglyceride 0.69/0.69, LDL cholesterol 210/218, HDL triglyceride 0.32/0.34 and HDL-cholesterol 69/93. The 2 major differences between males and females were that females had lower VLDL but higher HDL concentrations. For VLDL there was a very strong and for LDL a moderately strong positive correlation between cholesterol and triglyceride contents. In HDL however, the mearsured amounts of cholesterol and triglycerides did not correlate at all. Sinking pre-beta lipoproteins was found in about 25% of cases and a second pre-beta band floating at d 1.006, late pre-beta, was found in 35% of male and 25% of female subjects. Subjects with sinking pre-beta lipoprotein did not differ from other subjects with regard to the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the 3 lipoprotein classes. Males, but not females, with the late pre-beta (LPB), had an increased amount of cholesterol in VLDL and a raised cholesterol-triglyceride ratio in this lipoprotein class. Also the LDL triglyceride level was increased in males with the late pre-beta lipoprotein.
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PMID:Quantitative and qualitative serum lipoprotein analysis. Part 1. Studies in healthy men and women. 114 35

The effect of a behaviorally-oriented program to reduce calories and increase physical activity on HDL cholesterol level was evaluated in overweight older adult subjects (n = 31). HDL cholesterol increased from 45.8 to 52.1 mg/dl (p < .0003), and total mean cholesterol increased from 238.0 to 249.5 mg/dl (p < .05). Body weight decreased from 175.0 lbs to 172.6 lbs (p < .03). Analysis of baseline and 40 week food frequency questionnaires indicated that the mean caloric intake had decreased from 1535 to 1303 kcal/day (p < .02), and total fat intake decreased by 9.8 gm/day (p < .01). Weight loss accounted for 13% of the variance in HDL cholesterol change (p < .05). Decreasing fat intake resulted in a smaller increase in HDL cholesterol (F, (1,29) = 5.91, p < .03). Our findings provide further support that a prudent approach to weight reduction can be beneficial in an older adult population.
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PMID:The effect of dietary changes and intentional weight loss on high density cholesterol levels in older adults. 129 81

The study reviews current knowledge about metabolic X syndrome characterized by android obesity, arterial hypertension, insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia and disturbed carbohydrate tolerance, a decrease of HDL cholesterol and an increase of the triglyceride rich VLDL particle level. The study describes 4 female patients having been diagnosed for this syndrome. Only an ontime and vigorous reduction of overweight, along with intensified physical activity can prevent later development of serious complications, first of all, in cardiovascular system.
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PMID:[The metabolic X syndrome--4 case reports]. 136 60

Studies designed to examine effects of weight reduction by dieting on total cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very-low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs) have reported inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to quantify effects of weight loss by dieting on lipids and lipoproteins through the review method of meta-analysis. Results from the 70 studies analyzed indicated that weight reduction was associated with significant decreases (P less than or equal to 0.001) and correlations (P less than or equal to 0.05) for TC (r = 0.32), LDL-C (r = 0.29), VLDL-C (r = 0.38), and TG (r = 0.32). For every kilogram decrease in body weight, a 0.009-mmol/L increase (P less than or equal to 0.01) in HDL-C occurred for subjects at a stabilized, reduced weight and a 0.007-mmol/L decrease (P less than or equal to 0.05) for subjects actively losing weight. Our results indicate that weight reduction through dieting can be a viable approach to help normalize plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight individuals.
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PMID:Effects of weight reduction on blood lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis. 138 86

This paper sums up the clinical epidemiological investigation data on risk factors (RF) of coronary heart disease (CHD) among 743 office workers, with an average age of 61.0 +/- 8.0. The investigation involved factors relating to history, physical examination, biochemistry, blood rheology and TCM Syndrome Differentiation. According to the results of the computerized single-factor correlation analysis, the incidence of CHD in RF exposed group was obviously higher than that of unexposed one, 65 RF such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipemia, smoking, body weight, HDL-C/TC, blood viscosity etc. were recorded. Using multivariate regressive analysis it revealed that hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, heavy cigarette smoking, overweight, diastolic pressure, cortisol, TCM senile index, Blood Stasis Syndrome, Qi Stagnation Syndrome, Qi Deficiency Syndrome and Heart Deficiency Syndrome were the main RF. The result concerning RF of Western medicine (WM) was in conformity with that at home and abroad. In addition, some TCM-RF were selected which couldn't be replaced by WM-RF. These indicate that there are TCM-RF and WM-RF in the development of CHD and it is better to adopt the method for preventing and treating CHD with combined TCM-WM. As to TCM-RF of CHD, the authors consider that there are both the factors of Deficiency and Excess, so preventing and treating CHD should aim at reinforcing the Deficiency and reducing the Excess.
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PMID:[Clinical epidemiological study on risk factors of coronary heart disease in 743 subjects]. 139 88

Several epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is related to the mortality from cardiovascular disease. In this study, the epidemiology of obesity and the correlation between body mass index and other cardiovascular risk factors was studied in a representative sample of the adult population of Catalonia. It was obtained a random sample (n = 704) of the adult population of Catalonia aged 15 or more years. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated (height in Kg/weight2 in m2). Obesity was defined as a BMI greater than 30, and overweight as a BMI from 25 to 30. In the first 314 participants, it was determined the concentration of total cholesterol, cholesterol-HDL and triglyceride, and it was measured the blood pressure. The correlation between BMI and other cardiovascular risk factors was analysed. The study was carried out in 1989. The mean of BMI increased with age in both sexes. BMI was significantly higher in men (26 kg/m2) than women (25 kg/m2). The prevalence of obesity was of 12% in both men and women, and the prevalence of overweight was of 48.5% in men and 38% in women. The prevalence of arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes was greater individuals with obesity, with differences statistically significant for hypertension (odds ratio of 3.26). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the association between obesity and hypertension was not statistically significant (OR adj. = 2.09), when the effect of the other risk factors, the age and sex were controlled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Epidemiology of obesity among the adult population of Catalonia]. 142 Jul 58

Chronic alcoholization is known to increase plasma trypsin levels. One-hundred and forty-six male chronic alcohol users were tested for serum trypsin-like activity (STA), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-/cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apoA-1 and apoB lipoproteins. STA was positively correlated to LDL-C, TG and apoB rates and the CT/HDL-C index and negatively correlated to HDL-C and apoA-1 rates and the apoA-1/apoB index. Eighty-four patients with high STA (group B) compared to 62 patients with normal STA (group A) showed significantly higher LDL-C, TG, apoB rates and TC/HDL-C index contrasting with significantly lower HDL-C and apoA-1 rates and the apoA-1/apoB index. The two groups were matched for age, overweight, cigarette smoking and glycemia. Hepatic dysfunction does not explain the differences in the lipoproteic parameters. Such results would suggest that there may be a tryptic alteration of apoproteins in vivo as already demonstrated in vitro and experimentally suspected in vivo in some other studies. Competition by the trypsin-activated alpha 2 macroglobulin for the chylomicron-remnant LDL receptor-related protein may be evoked.
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PMID:Serum trypsin-like activity in chronic alcoholized men: possible relationship with lipids, apoA-1 and apoB lipoproteins. 147 59

To investigate the sex hormone status of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) and to relate this to serum levels of glucose, insulin, lipids and lipoproteins, 90 women with PCO (30 obese: BMI greater than 30 kg/m2; 30 overweight: BMI greater than 25- less than 30 kg/m2; 30 non obese: BMI less than 25 kg/m2) and 60 normal ovulatory women (20 obese; 20 overweight; 20 non obese) were studied. The women with PCO had significantly increased LH, FSH and androgen levels and significantly decreased SHBG levels compared to the normal women. Obese women with PCO had higher concentrations of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, incremental glucose area, incremental insulin area and lipid than overweight and non obese women with PCO and overweight and non obese control subjects, but were similar in obese normal women. There were decreases in high-density lipoproteins levels in both the obese groups (obese PCO and obese control women). Lipid and lipoprotein concentrations did not differ in the obese, overweight and non obese PCO women compared to the normal groups while HDL cholesterol were decreased in obese PCO and obese control women. The correlations between hormone, glucose, insulin, lipid and lipoprotein levels were different among the six groups. Non obese PCO women had: inverse correlations between free testosterone and incremental glucose area (r = -0.5128, P = 0.03); positive correlations between SHBG and alpha-lipoproteins (r = 0.9159, P = 0.001). Non obese normal women had: positive correlations between fasting insulin and total testosterone (r = 0.5272, P = 0.043) and between SHBG and beta-lipoproteins (r = 0.7445, P = 0.014) and LDL cholesterol (r = 0.7360, P = 0.010).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Correlation between hormonal and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome]. 149 51


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