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Query: UMLS:C0497406 (overweight)
 26,365 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Starting from previous observations emphasizing an increased pseudocholinesterase (PCE) activity in obese and hyperlipemic subjects, the behaviour of this enzyme and of ceruloplasmin was studied in connection with changes of serum lipids and lipoproteins in various types of hyperlipoproteinemia. When compared to values detected in 67 middle-aged normal weight normolipemic subjects, PCE activity was found to be significantly greater (smaller than 0.001) in the 49 overweight subjects without obvious hyperlipemia but presenting a moderate increase of the prebeta electrophoretic fraction. PCE activity was much higher in lean or overweight subjects with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (68 patients with type IV and 86 patients with mixed hyperlipemia). The slight increase of mean values of PCE activity in the 53 subjects with type II-a was due mainly to overweight subjects, while this enzyme's activity was not significantly changed in lean subjects with pure hypercholesterolemia. PCE activity was positively correlated with serum triglyceride (r equals 0.540; p smaller than 0.001) and the prebeta electrophoretic fraction (r equals 610; p smaller than 0.001). The correlation with beta-lipoproteins was not significant. Ceruloplasmin levels were not significantly changed. It is suggested that elevation of PCE activity could be connected to mechanisms leading to an increased secretion rate of lipoproteins.
Clin Chim Acta 1975 Feb 22
PMID:Serum pseudocholinesterase and ceruloplasmin in various types of hyperlipoproteinemia. 16 6

The effects of dietary habit, body weight, physical activity and a familial record of coronary heart disease on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in Chinese were examined. Increased dietary preference for animal meat products was associated with increased serum cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein levels. Increased carbohydrate intake and overweight were associated with increased serum triglyceride and pre-beta-lipoprotein levels. A familial record of coronary heart disease was associated with increased serum total lipid and pre-beta-lipoprotein levels. Based on these results, the factors which influence the serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in Chinese are probably similar to those in other ethnic groups.
Clin Chim Acta 1975 May 15
PMID:Evaluation of serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in normal Chinese. The influence of dietary habit, body weight, exercise and a familial record of coronary heart disease. 16 5

A white female, now age 40 and receiving total parenteral nutrition for more than 5 years, developed unexpected 15% weight loss after 3 1/2 years of regimen, together with peripheral neuropathy confirmed by nerve conduction measurements. An intravenous glucose tolerance test showed that the fractional rate (K) had decreased to 0.89%/min (normal greater than 1.2). There was observed during this glucose infusion a borderline normal insulin response with a fall in plasma free fatty acids and in plasma leucine. During daily infusion of well over 400 g of glucose, the respiratory quotient was 0.66. Chromium balance was negative. Chromium levels were, in blood 0.55 ng/ml (normal 4.9 to 9.5) and in hair 154 to 175 ng/g (normal greater than 500). Regular insulin daily (45 micron) in the infusate nearly maintained euglycemia but despite this, and even with further glucose intake to restore weight loss, intravenous glucose tolerance test (K) and respiratory quotient were unchanged. Administration of insulin was then stopped and 250 microng of Cr added to the daily total parenteral nutrition infusate for 2 weeks. After this the intravenous glucose tolerance test (K) and respiratory quotient became normal (1.35 and 0.78, respectively). Over the next 5 months insulin was not needed and glucose intake had to be reduced substantially to avoid overweight. In this period nerve conduction and well-being returned to normal. With a maintenance addition of chromium to the total parenteral nutrition infusate (tentatively this addition is 20 microng/day) the patient has remained well for 18 months (to July 1976). These results suggest that relatively isolated chromium deficiency in man, hitherto poorly documented, causes 1) glucose intolerance, 2) inability to utilize glucose for energy, 3) neuropathy with normal insulin levels, 4) high free fatty acid levels and low respiratory quotient and, 5) abnormalities of nitrogen metabolism.
Am J Clin Nutr 1977 Apr
PMID:Chromium deficiency, glucose intolerance, and neuropathy reversed by chromium supplementation, in a patient receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition. 19 66

We studied factors influencing concentrations of triglycerides in the blood of a presumably healthy population of about 9000 persons. Using multi-dimensional analysis, we show, in addition to various related to sex and age, the relation between triglycerides and uric acid, overweight, arterial blood pressure, use of oral contraceptives (in women), consumption of alcohol and tobacco, and lack of physical exercise. These factors were classified as a function of their discriminative power by the statistical method of segmentation. We thus chose the following factors as criteria for exclusion from a reference population for the values of triglycerides in blood: in men 20 to 39 years old, overweight more than 90%; in men 40 to 59 years old, overweight of more than 115%, consumption of more than half a liter of wine per day or of more than 11 cigarettes, use of medicines, and a blood uric acid exceeding 420 mumol/L; in women 20 to 39 years old, contraceptives and overweight; in women 40 to 59 years old, overweight or more than 130% and the intake of medicines. At the 97.5th percentile of the reference population as compared with a non-selected population, the values were 80% less for men 20 to 39 years old, 95% less for men 40 to 59 years old, and only 26 to 30% less for women 20 to 59 years old.
Clin Chem 1979 Jun
PMID:Factors affecting the concentration of triacylglycerols (triglycerides in plasma: reference values for adults. 22 Nov 38

This study concerns frequency and meaning of depressive conditions in obese patients. The examination was carried out with two groups of 39 obese subjects, 30 women and 9 men. The patients with depressive symptoms differed highly significantly from those without depressive symptoms in relation to the age of the beginning of their overweight. They became overweight preponderantly as adults, striking frequently in correlation with the situations of emotional stress. This would support the hypothesis of this study, that depressive states as an organism variable in this group of patients has essential influence as well for the onset as for the maintenance of the overweight.
Psychiatr Clin (Basel) 1979
PMID:[Significance of the depressed state in obese people: definition of a risk group]. 26 95

Preliminary, exploratory studies examine self-perceptions of the stigma of overweight in relatiopship to weight-losing patterns of female and male children of different ages. It is suggested that the concept of stigma may be a viable analytical tool in studying overweight as: an exclusive focus in interaction, related to a negative body image, overwhelming others with mixed emotions, clashing with other attributes of the person, an equivocal predictor of activities, and related to one's sense of responsibility for one's overweight. Female adolescents in the Slimnastics class in a high school and children and adolescents in an obesity clinic in a hospital were studied. Male children and female adolescents had more trouble losing weight than did female children and male adolescents. Youth who viewed overweight as both one's responsibility and as an illness that required the joint efforts of oneself and others, especially professional experts, were more successful in losing weight than those youth who believed that overweight was solely their responsibility or not at all their responsibility. Intensive focusing on one's overweight and one one's negative body image seemed to inhibit or deter weight losing for some youth.
Am J Clin Nutr 1979 Feb
PMID:Self-perceptions of the stigma of overweight in relationship to weight-losing patterns. 42 Jan 37

A dietary survey was conducted to compare the dietary intakes of people with and without cholelithiasis (gallstones). A 48-hr recall method was used to collect dietary data from 91 cholelithiasis subjects (15 males and 76 females) and 86 control subjects (13 males and 73 females). Although the female cholelithiasis subjects were more overweight than the control subjects, they consumed less energy per day. It was observed that the female cholelithiasis group consumed less protein, fat, carbohydrate, and crude fiber than the female control group. Nutrient intakes per 1000 cal were similar for the female cholelithiasis and control groups. The total weekly intake of crude fiber and the intake of crude fiber specifically from bread and bakery products was significantly less for the female cholelithiasis group than for the female control group. This may indicate that it is a component of whole wheat flour that is low in the diet of subjects with gallstones. The results of this study suggest a possible relationship between cholelithiasis and a low intake of energy, protein, fat or crude fiber, but more than one of these nutrients could be involved. It is evident that further work is needed to study the relationship between diet and gallstone formation.
Am J Clin Nutr 1979 Jul
PMID:A dietary survey to determine the relationship between diet and cholelithiasis. 45 66

Aspects of adipose tissue cellularity were examined in 15 non-diabetic premenopausal African women with simple obesity living in Johannesburg. A smaller group of six non-obese Black women served as controls. Adipose tissue was obtained by biopsy from the deltoid, gluteal, and abdominal regions, and the mean fat cell size for each site was determined. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid levels, and the glucose and insulin responses to a 100 g oral glucose load, in these subjects provided metabolic data for correlative analyses. As expected, the overall mean and regional adipocyte sizes were significantly larger in the overweight subjects. Significant regional variations in fat cell size were also seen, the gluteal region adipocytes being larger than those of other sites in both obese and non-obese women. A significant positive correlation was found between fat cell size and the percentage of ideal body weight. There was no significant relationship between adipocyte size, however, and any of the metabolic variables measured--notably basal or stimulated plasma insulin. Nearly half of the overweight women showed large adipocytes with normal plasma insulin concentrations. A proportion of African women with hypertrophic obesity do not appear to demonstrate any classical metabolic features of insulin resistance; this may be related partly to their high carbohydrate intake and unusual degree of physical activity. Our results do not, however, indicate that hyperinsulinaemia is completely absent in obese Black women.
J Clin Pathol 1979 May
PMID:Adipose cell size in obese Africans: evidence against the existence of insulin resistance in some patients. 46 4

The prevalence of obesity and underweight was estimated for residents of Missouri more than 9 years old on the basis of age, sex, household income, educational attainment, and population density from the results of a survey conducted in 1973. The incidence of overweight was greatest among children 10 to 16 years old and the least for adults 17 to 35 years old. Four percent of the girls 10 to 16 were greater than 159% of average weight for height. Among women greater than 59 years old the incidence of overweight and underweight were high. The proportion of adult women who were overweight as defined by average weight for height and body mass index (W/H2) was inversely related to household income and education. The same was true for adult men in relation to income but the reverse results were observed for education. A larger proportion of urban men were overweight as defined by body mass index compared to rural men. The incidence of obesity among males of all ages and females greater than 59 years old appeared to be related to residence in specific types of communities.
Am J Clin Nutr 1979 Oct
PMID:The association of obesity with socioeconomic factors in Missouri. 48 30

A nutrition survey was conducted in a six-county area of Kentucky which included 118 teenagers of both races and sexes, with a mean age of 15.5 years. Data collected included one 24-hr dietary recall, meal practices, smoking, and physical activity. Fasting blood and urine were analyzed. White boys had higher intakes in overall nutrients and had more regular meal taking habits than others. Intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamin A were grossly deficient among girls of both races, and vitamin A was most deficient in diets of boys, but the serum vitamin A and carotene values did not confirm a dietary deficiency of vitamin A. Black teenagers of both sexes had less acceptable mean hemoglobin and hematocrit values. High incidences of low hemoglobin values below acceptable range were observed in all groups studied. A high incidence of overweight among girls of both races, of high blood pressure in black boys, and of elevated serum cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein levels in blacks of both sexes were observed. Intake of energy was correlated with work metabolic rate/basal metabolic rate ratio for both sexes. Blacks were less physically active than whites. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride and beta-lipoproteins were positively correlated (P less than 0.01) to body weight of girls. Serum cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins were negatively correlated (P less than 0.05) to the degree of physical activity of boys.
Am J Clin Nutr 1978 Aug
PMID:Nutritional status of selected teenagers in Kentucky. 67 85


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