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The author describes a range of contraceptive methods, and their side effects, which may be acceptable for new parents. The methods are the oral contraceptive pill, Norplant, Depo-Provera, and intrauterine devices (IUD). Natural methods and permanent contraception are options described in insets. The author notes that differences in the effectiveness rates among available types of oral contraceptive pills are small enough not to merit consideration when deciding which kind of pill may be appropriate. Combination birth control pills are taken daily at the same time for 21 out of 28 days. Combination pills are not recommended for women with a history of hypertension or other cardiovascular diseases, thrombophlebitis, migraine headaches, diabetes, active gallbladder disease, or mononucleosis. Any hormonal method may be particularly risky for smokers over age 35. The mini-pill, containing a smaller amount of progesterone and no estrogen, is taken every day and is also on a 28-day cycle. Containing no estrogen, the mini-pill is often recommended for women who are nursing, who are over age 35, or who suffer from hypertension or migraines. Both adverse and positive side effects may be experienced from use. Norplant is the brand name of a contraceptive system which releases progesterone from under the skin of a woman's upper arm over the course of a five-year period. The system has a theoretical effectiveness rate of more than 99%, although the duration of effectiveness may be less than five years in overweight women. The most common side effect is irregular bleeding, and removal is often a longer and more difficult procedure than insertion. The most commonly used injectable hormonal contraceptive is Depo-Provera, a progesterone solution which works for up to three months. The majority of users experience some side effects. Finally, IUDs are highly effective and need to be replaced only every 1-10 years depending upon how they are made. Women typically experience discomfort during IUD insertion, and they should not be used by women under age 20 years, who have never had children, or who have ever had a pelvic infection.
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PMID:Birth control for new parents. 1229 Aug 91

Oral contraceptive pills (OCs) are widely used method of contraception for its effectiveness and easier compliance. However, adverse effects associated with OCs use notably the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), manifesting as ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and venous thromboembolic diseases were reported soon after their introduction to the market in the early 1960s. Various modifications were made in an attempt to lower these risks including a reduction in the estrogen dose and changes in the progestogen compound. Currently used OCs containing the new progestin (Levonorgestrel, Desogestrel, gestodene or norgestimate) classified as low dose because all contain less than 35 microg of ethinyl estradiol. Despite their low steroid content, all have proved to be highly effective. The rationale of this reviewed study based upon cardiovascular risks in relation to these monophasic low-dose oral contraceptives. To review all relevant articles it is concluded that the risk for cardiovascular disease is lower with current preparations of oral contraceptives. Cardiovascular diseases occur mainly among oral contraceptive users who smoke or have predisposing factors--such as age more than 35 years, overweight, diabetes & hypertension.
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PMID:Risk of cardiovascular diseases with oral contraceptives. 1687 10