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Query: UMLS:C0497406 (overweight)
 26,365 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To discover the prevalence of chronic respiratory disease and its association with various factors, 1217 women (84% of the defined population) aged 25 to 69 years were surveyed using a questionnaire, chest radiograph and spirometry. 71 women with pulmonary tuberculosis or "other respiratory disease" were excluded from the analysis. At all ages the smokers were thinner than the non-smokers. The percentages of overweight women among the non-smokers, ex-smokers and smokers were 50%, 42% and 19%, respectively (P less than 0.001). Nasal catarrh was significantly more common in the smokers than in the non-smokers but for other symptoms no definite association with smoking was found. Breathlessness, wheezing and the effect of weather were significantly more common at older ages. Socioeconomic status did not seem to influence the occurrence of chronic respiratory disease. No significant effect of smoking on FEV1, FVC or FEV1 % was found.
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PMID:Chronic respiratory disease in rural women. An epidemiological survey at Hankasalmi, Finland. 67 7

The results of a questionnaire concerning respiratory symptoms in Dunedin public servants have been reported earlier (de Hamel, O'Donnell, 1972). This report is of the results of spirometry in the same population. Fifty-five percent of 1079 men and 59 percent of the 310 women with normal mass miniature chest x-rays showed an FEV 1.0 below the predicted value, but in only 9 percent of each sex was the FEV 1.0 less than 80 percent of predicted. Bronchitic symptoms and a history of regular cigarette smoking were associated with an impaired FEV 1.0. The FEV 1.0 was normal in many giving a history of the bronchitic symptoms cough, phelgm or wheezing. The FEV 1.0 of overweight men was not significantly different from the other men. Attention is drawn to the high frequency of chronic bronchitis in the population and the correlation of this with moderate and heavy cigarette smoking. The questionnaire disclosed more abnormality within the population than did the spirometrey. They may complement one another when effort is being directed at health education.
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PMID:Objective respiratory screening among Dunedin public servants. 106 21

The possibility of a causal relationship is suggested by recent concomitant increases in the prevalence of obesity and asthma. In a general population sample, prevalence and incidence of asthma symptoms, skin tests, and body mass index (BMI) were ascertained at mean ages of 6.3 (n = 688) and 10.9 (n = 600) yr. Lung function, bronchodilator responsiveness, and daily peak flow variability were measured at 11 yr of age. There was no association between BMI at age 6 and wheezing prevalence at any age. Females, but not males, who were overweight or obese at 11 yr of age were more likely to have current wheezing at ages 11 and 13 but not at ages 6 or 8. This effect was strongest among females beginning puberty before the age of 11. Females who became overweight or obese between 6 and 11 yr of age were 7 times more likely to develop new asthma symptoms at age 11 or 13 (p = 0.0002); at age 11 their peak flow variability and bronchodilator responsiveness were significantly more likely to be increased. In females, becoming overweight or obese between 6 and 11 yr of age increases the risk of developing new asthma symptoms and increased bronchial responsiveness during the early adolescent period.
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PMID:Increased incidence of asthmalike symptoms in girls who become overweight or obese during the school years. 1137 99

Obesity and asthma are public health priorities in developed countries. Genes which may contribute to the control of both conditions include those encoding for the beta2-adrenergic receptor, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Prospective studies consistently supported a link between obesity and reported wheezing or asthma diagnosis in children. However, there are still no clear explanations for such a link. On one hand, overweight asthmatic children may perceive their asthma as worse. On the other hand, atopic sensitization and bronchial hyper-reactivity do not explain the observed associations. After puberty, the association between asthma and obesity tends to be stronger in girls than in boys. It is conceivable that severe obesity in adolescent females may aggravate asthma through mechanisms different from those linking prepubertal obesity to unremitting asthma in males. Future studies should therefore address multiple age- and gender-specific hypotheses about the mechanisms that link obesity to asthma throughout childhood.
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PMID:The asthma-obesity link in childhood: open questions, complex evidence, a few answers only. 1743 Mar 42

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between breastfeeding, asthma and atopy, and any influence of child body mass index (BMI). Prospective birth cohort data were used to model the association between breastfeeding duration, BMI, asthma and atopy in children at six years. After adjustment for BMI and associated covariates, breastfeeding (per additional month of feeding) was marginally associated with decreased BMI (p=0.083). BMI was significantly associated with current asthma (p=<0.0005) and atopy (p=0.055). Exclusive breastfeeding for less than four months was a risk for current asthma (p=0.033) and atopy (p=0.005). The early introduction of formula leads to an increase in child BMI and early asthma and atopy. Increased BMI is a risk factor for childhood asthma and atopy. These findings suggest that public health interventions to optimise breastfeeding duration and reduce overweight in children may help attenuate the community burden of wheezing illness early in life.
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PMID:Breastfeeding, body mass index, asthma and atopy in children. 1892 35

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain forms of cancer. In addition, obesity is now recognized as an important risk factor in the development of several respiratory diseases. Of these respiratory diseases, it has already been well established that obesity can lead to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). More recent data suggest that the prevalence of wheezing and bronchial hyper-responsiveness, two symptoms often associated with asthma, are increased in overweight and obese individual. Indeed, epidemiological studies have reported that obesity is a risk factor for the development of asthma. Furthermore, a number of studies indicate that obesity is also associated with a higher risk of developing deep vein thrombi, pulmonary emboli, pulmonary hypertension, and pneumonia. Finally, weight reduction has been shown to be effective in improving the symptoms and severity of several respiratory diseases, including OSA and asthma. Thus, overweight and obese patients should be encouraged to lose weight to reduce their risk of developing respiratory diseases or improve the course of pre-existing conditions.
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PMID:Obesity and respiratory diseases. 1902 35

Wheezing/asthma in children is a complex problem due to its heterogeneous condition, with different pathogenic mechanisms, variations in duration and in severity; that make it difficult to totally understand. This relation between wheezing in infants and later development of asthma will be the result of alterations in the immune system maturation and congenital or acquired modifications of the airway. Several longitudinal studies have given us important information about the different phenotypes of wheezing/asthma that coexist in children. In this review, we analyse the recent potential mechanisms and risk factors for each of the three classic wheezing phenotypes presenting in children: transient, non-atopic and atopic; and we propose for consideration a fourth phenotype: overweight/obese girls with early menarche. A better understanding of those risk factors would be useful for the development of new strategies in wheezing/asthma management.
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PMID:Wheezing and Asthma in childhood: an epidemiology approach. 1908 Aug 1

The elevated prevalence of obesity as well as of asthma in preschool children has prompted investigators to speculate that obesity in childhood might be a causal factor in the development of asthma. The results obtained to date are debatable. We investigated the association between obesity and asthma in 1,160 preschool Mexican children. Diagnosis of asthma was performed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The body mass index (BMI) in units of kg/m2 was determined, and children were categorized according to age- and gender-specific criteria, such as normal weight (5th-85th percentile), overweight (> or =85th and <95th percentile), and obesity (> or =95th percentile). Power test for logistic regression model was calculated. We found no association between overweight (adjusted OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.66-1.58), obesity (adjusted OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.68-1.30), and wheezing during the last year as determined by logistic regression model adjusted. We did not find an association between overweight, obesity, and asthma-associated hospitalizations. Further longitudinal studies are required to provide a better understanding of the relationship between obesity and asthma in preschool children.
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PMID:Association between obesity and asthma in preschool Mexican children. 2062 94

Canine bronchomalacia (BM) is characterized by weakness leading to collapse of the bronchial wall. A prospective study of 18 affected dogs (age range: 1-15 years) was undertaken to characterize the clinicopathological and histological features of BM. Poodles and Yorkshire terriers were commonly affected. Half of the dogs were overweight or obese. The clinical presentation was a mild, wheezing, chronic cough and pulmonary crackles were heard in 28% of the dogs. Compatible radiographic changes were present in 61% of the dogs. Using bronchoscopy, both lungs were affected in half of the animals, whereas in the others the disease appeared to affect predominantly the left lung. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and biopsies of bronchial mucosa revealed pure or mixed neutrophilic inflammation. Underlying infectious bronchitis was considered possible in 56% of the dogs. It was concluded that canine BM may present as an isolated clinical entity associated with infection and/or inflammation.
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PMID:Canine bronchomalacia: a clinicopathological study of 18 cases diagnosed by endoscopy. 2117 26

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, as well as the risk factors of wheezing among young adults in the Korean military. Young military conscripts in five areas completed a modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. For subjects with current wheeze in one sample area, baseline spirometry and bronchodilator response were measured. For subjects without a significant response to bronchodilator (improvement in FEV1 of more than 200 mL and 12%), methacholine challenge tests (MCT) were also performed. Of 3,359 subjects that completed the questionnaire, 354 (10.5%) had current wheeze, 471 (14.0%) had current allergic rhinitis, and 326 (9.7%) had current eczema. Current wheeze was associated with family history of allergic disease, overweight, current smoking, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Of 36 subjects with current wheeze who underwent PFT with or without MCT in the Anyang area, 24 (66.7%) were confirmed to have current asthma. In conclusion, the prevalence of allergic disease in young adults of Korean military is not low, and the risk factors of wheezing include family history of allergic disease, overweight, current smoking, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.
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PMID:Prevalence of allergic diseases and risk factors of wheezing in Korean military personnel. 2128 10


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