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Query: UMLS:C0497406 (overweight)
 26,365 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

All insulin-dependent diabetics between the ages of 16 and 25 years attending the diabetic clinic at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, (152 women and 139 men) were asked to complete the EAT, the EDI, and the GHQ, and to provide a control subject (sibling or close friend) of similar age who would do likewise. Marked differences were found between diabetic women (but not men) and their controls in eating attitudes, in many of the psychological characteristics associated with eating disorders, and in GHQ scores. Although some of the women had classic anorexia nervosa or bulimia, others with abnormal eating attitudes did not fulfil the formal criteria. Overall, diabetics were significantly heavier than controls but the differences in eating attitudes were not eliminated by correcting for overweight. Abnormal scores were associated with high HbA1 levels and independently with retinopathy. The weight gain and psychological effects of diabetes are identified as probably of aetiological importance in the abnormal eating attitudes of young diabetic women.
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PMID:Abnormal eating attitudes in young insulin-dependent diabetics. 261 74

The 40-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) was administered to teenage schoolgirls. Factor analysis (N = 749) yielded a major dieting factor almost identical to that found by Garner et al. (1982) with anorexics. Although this factor clearly measures pathology in underweight girls, its interpretation is ambiguous for normal and overweight girls. Two other factors found in all analyses were food preoccupation and social pressure to eat.
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PMID:The factor structure of the Eating Attitudes Test with adolescent schoolgirls. 399 28

Concerns with eating were studied in 130 Japanese boys and 125 girls aged 6-18 years using the Simplified Eating Attitudes Test (s-EAT). The s-EAT scores in girls slightly increased with age. The mean scores in girls at age 10 years or older were significantly higher than in boys of the same age, suggesting that pubertal girls have more concerns with eating. On the other hand, s-EAT scores in boys that were not overweight decreased as they grew older, contributing, at least partly, to the sexual difference in eating behavior. The mean scores in overweight boys were higher than in boys that were not overweight. The score in boys correlated significantly with weight though there was no significant correlation in girls. These results suggest that, in addition to increased concerns with eating in girls, decreased concerns with age in boys is one of the causes of the sexual difference in eating behavior, especially during puberty. Eating behaviors in girls seem to be less influenced by changes in body weight than in boys.
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PMID:Eating attitudes test in boys and girls aged 6-18 years: decrease in concerns with eating in boys and the increase in girls with their ages. 823 23

A variety of sociocultural, familial and individual features associated with the eating disorders were examined in subjects with full syndrome (FS) and partial syndrome (PS) eating disorders and in normal high school students. The EAT-26 was administered to 995 high school students. This was followed by individual interviews with those who scored in the symptomatic range. Fifty-one students with PS eating disorders, 57 students without eating disorders (normal controls) and 30 hospital patients with FS, anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa were compared on subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory, the Diagnostic Survey for Eating Disorders and the Beck Depression Inventory. The three groups displayed statistically significant differences on dimensions of EDI subscales Ineffectiveness and Interoceptive Awareness and also with respect to depression, history of being overweight and past history of emotional problems, as well as having mothers with medical illnesses. On these characteristics, the FS subjects displayed higher levels than the PS subjects, who in turn were higher than the NC subjects. The PS subjects displayed elevations on Body Dissatisfaction (EDI subscale), past medical illnesses, and mother's over-concern with eating and weight. These data support a continuum model of the eating disorders, but a continuum of multiple associated features rather than of dieting.
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PMID:The relationship of partial syndrome eating disorders to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. 858 99

In this longitudinal two-stage screening study of abnormal eating attitudes and behaviours in Polish schoolgirls self-report questionnaires (EAT-26) were completed by 747 schoolgirls aged between 14 and 16 years. On the basis of their EAT-26 scores 167 girls were selected for a clinical interview conducted blind to questionnaire scores. No clinical cases of DSM-III-R anorexia or bulimia nervosa were identified, however, there was a point prevalence of 2.34% for subclinical eating disorder and of 28.6% for dieting. Natural history was investigated, repeating the screening and interviews after 10 months. Both the group mean EAT-26 score and the proportion of subclinical cases remained the same at follow-up however, individual girls showed substantial fluctuations over time. On re-screening 11.5% of the sample had moved EAT category (based on scoring below or above the clinical cut-off point). Follow-up interviews showed that 58% (7) of the original subclinical cases were no longer cases while seven girls were "new' subclinical cases. This second stage of the study also aimed to investigate the risk factors for the development of eating disorders. Several family factors distinguished the dieters from non-dieters at the initial stage. Subjects who began dieting between the initial and follow-up interviews had higher Body Mass Index, felt more overweight and had greater discrepancy between their current and ideal weights than the non-dieters. However, analysis of regression revealed no specific risk factors for development of a subclinical syndrome.
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PMID:A two-stage epidemiological study of abnormal eating attitudes and their prospective risk factors in Polish schoolgirls. 887 34

The aim of this work was to search for eating disorders, DSM III-R Axis I mental disorders, personality disorders, and addictive behavior, in self-labeled "chocolate addicts". Subjects were recruited through advertisements placed in a university and a hospital. Fifteen subjects were included, 3 men and 12 women aged between 18 and 49. Most of them were not overweight, although 7 thought they had a weight problem. They consumed an average of 50 g per day of pure cacao and, for 13 subjects, this consumption was lasting since childhood or adolescence. The psychological effects of chocolate, as indicated by the subjects, consisted in feelings of increased energy or increased concentration ability, and in an anxiolytic effect during stress. Seven subjects described minor withdrawal symptoms. None of the subjects reached the thresholds for eating disorders on the EAT and BULIT scales. The structured interview (MINI) identified an important ratio of subjects with a history of major depressive episode (13/15), and one woman was currently experiencing a major depressive episode. Four people suffered, or had suffered from anxiety disorders. Although only one subject satisfied all criteria for a personality disorder on the DIP-Q, seven displayed some pathological personality features. The self-labeled "chocoholics" do not seem to suffer from eating disorders, but may represent a population of psychologically vulnerable and depression--or anxiety--prone people. They seem to use chocolate as a light psychotropic drug able to relieve some of their distress. The amount of cacao consumed, although very chronically, remains moderate, and they rarely display other addictive behaviors.
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PMID:[Is cocoa a psychotropic drug? Psychopathologic study of a population of subjects self-identified as chocolate addicts]. 1140 71

Aim of the present study was to investigate eating attitudes in a group of Mediterranean high school students. One hundred and twenty high school students participated in this survey. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used for evaluating symptoms and attitudes associated with disordered eating. Body composition and dietary intake were also assessed. Using the cut-off point of 20 in the total EAT, 13 females (20.3%) and 4 males (7.3%) exhibited disordered eating behavior. Overweight students had significantly higher scores in the dieting scale than those in the normal BMI range. Percent fat mass was positively related to the total EAT (r=0.326, p<0.001) and the dieting scale (r=0.489, p<0.001). Waist/hip ratio was negatively related to total EAT and its scales. In conclusion, a significant percentage of students in this urban Mediterranean adolescent population found to have abnormal eating attitudes. This finding may be partly explained by the effect of cultural transition.
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PMID:Disordered eating attitudes: an emerging health problem among Mediterranean adolescents. 1533 80

The current study was conducted to assess the prevalence of disturbed eating attitudes in postgraduate female students in Lahore, Pakistan. The interrelationships of disturbed eating attitudes, dissatisfaction with body weight and shape and depression were also investigated. A total of 111 volunteers were interviewed using the following questionnaires: Eating Attitude Test 26 items (EAT-26), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Depression Subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The findings indicated that 59% of the normal-weight and 21% of the underweight women considered themselves to be overweight; 17% scored above the EAT threshold. Two women met the DSM-IV criteria for bulimia nervosa (BN) and another two those for eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Two multiple regression analyses indicated that greater exposure to Western culture and dissatisfaction with body shape were strong predictors of faulty eating attitudes, whereas unrealistic body shape perceptions could contribute to depressive affect. These results have important implications in view of the high prevalence of disturbed eating attitudes in an Asian country.
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PMID:Prevalence of eating disorders in Pakistan: relationship with depression and body shape. 1764 67

Does a moderate degree of body dissatisfaction motivate overweight adolescents to lose weight? We examined the relationship between body satisfaction and BMI 5 years later in overweight adolescent girls from Project EAT (Eating Among Teens), and found that girls with higher body satisfaction gained less weight over 5 years.
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PMID:Fat 'n happy 5 years later: is it bad for overweight girls to like their bodies? 1787 68

The prevalence of eating disorders has been increasing in the last 20 years, not only in developed countries, but also in less developed countries such as Turkey. This study was conducted among 610 university students, 338 males and 272 females who are between 17 and 23 years old, in Ankara, the capital of Turkey, to determine eating disorders among the young. The data regarding the eating disorders and self-evaluation were assessed according to the EAT-40 test and the Body Cathexis Scale. The scores received from the eating attitudes test were low among the underweight (18.9+/-9.7) and higher among the overweight (21.6+/-15.9). Eating disorders risks are more prevalent among females compared to males (P<0.001). 17.2% of the underweight and 21.2% of the overweight are at higher risk of eating disorders. There was a positive correlation between the eating attitudes test scores and young people's body weight, BMI, mid-upper arm and waist circumferences, while a negative correlation was determined between the body cathexis scores and these variables. The authors believe that educating young people about healthy nutrition and monitoring them through longitudinal research studies will be helpful to prevent eating disorders, which are significant in terms of public health.
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PMID:An evaluation of eating disorders among a group of Turkish university students. 1858 12


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