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Query: UMLS:C0497406 (overweight)
 26,365 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A menstrual history was taken from the female partners of all new infertility couples seen in our clinic between 1988 and 1990. The body mass index (Kg/M2) was measured in all females. The ovulatory status was studied using a combination of serial transvaginal ultrasound investigations and progesterone measurements in the second half of the cycle in females with regular menstrual cycles or progesterone measurements one week before the expected onset of menstruation in females with oligomenorrhea. Amenorrheic patients were considered anovulatory if no anatomical abnormality was found. Out of the 1755 patients, only 17% were in the normal weight category (BMI 19-24), 42% were overweight (BMI25-29) and 38% were obese (BMI 30 or more), while the remaining 3% were underweight. With increasing BMI, the percentage of oligomenorrhea increased from 18% to 32%, the percentage of amenorrhea increased from 2% to 13%. The overall percentage of anovulation increased from 32% to 55%.
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PMID:High prevalence of obesity in a Saudi infertility population. 1759 Jun 3

During childhood, the main aims of the medical treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) secondary to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, are to prevent salt loss and virilization and to achieve normal stature and normal puberty. As such, there is a narrow therapeutic window through which the intended results can be achieved. In adulthood, the clinical management has received little attention, but recent studies have shown the relevance of long-term follow-up of these patients. Indeed, long-term evaluation of adult CAH patients enables the identification of multiple clinical, hormonal and metabolic abnormalities as bone mineral density alteration, overweight and disturbed reproductive functions. In women with classic CAH, low fertility rate is reported, and is probably the consequence of multiple factors, including neuroendocrine and hormonal factors, feminizing surgery, and psychological factors. Men with CAH may present hypogonadism either through the effect of adrenal rests or from suppression of gonadotropins resulting in infertility. These patients should therefore be carefully followed-up, from childhood through to adulthood, to avoid these complications and to ensure treatment compliance and tight control of the adrenal androgens, by multidisciplinary teams who have knowledge of CAH.
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PMID:Hormonal treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. 1768 81

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a mostly hyperandrogenic disorder and is possibly the most common endocrinopathy of premenopausal women. The primary defect in PCOS appears to be an exaggerated androgen synthesis and secretion by the ovaries and the adrenal glands. In a substantial proportion of PCOS patients, the primary defect in androgen secretion is triggered by factors such as the hyperinsulinism resulting from insulin resistance and/or the secretion of metabolically active substances by visceral adipose tissue, because these factors may facilitate androgen synthesis at the ovaries and the adrenals of predisposed women. The prevalence of obesity in PCOS patients is increased when compared to the general female population and, conversely, the prevalence of PCOS is increased in overweight and obese women when compared to their lean counterparts. Obesity exerts a major impact on the PCOS phenotype, particularly on the metabolic associations and complications of the syndrome. Among others, the presence obesity is clearly related to the infertility of PCOS, and increases the risk for the metabolic syndrome and its constellation of cardiovascular risk factors in these women. This review will summarize the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the association of obesity and PCOS, the impact of obesity on the PCOS phenotype and on the association of PCOS with metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk factors, and the new developments in the management of obese PCOS patients.
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PMID:Obesity and the polycystic ovary syndrome. 1791 53

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that involves the excess production of androgens. It affects up to 10% of all American women and can lead to the development of acne, hirsutism, and infertility. It has also been associated with coronary heart disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Over half of the women who are diagnosed with PCOS are overweight or obese. Recommendations are made for overweight/obese women to lose weight via diet and exercise. Women with PCOS should also consider maintaining a diet that is patterned after the type 2 diabetes diet. This diet includes an increase in fiber and a decrease in refined carbohydrates, as well as a decrease in trans and saturated fats and an increase in omega-3 and omega-9 fatty acids. Foods that contain anti-inflammatory compounds (fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, and red wine) should also be emphasized. Evidence is provided for the impact of these dietary changes on improvements in the androgen profile of PCOS patients.
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PMID:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and other androgen excess-related conditions: can changes in dietary intake make a difference? 1820 65

During childhood, the main aims of the medical treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) secondary to 21-hydroxylase are to prevent salt loss and virilization and to attain normal stature and normal puberty. As such, there is a narrow therapeutic window through which the intended results can be achieved. In adulthood, the clinical management has received little attention, but recent studies have shown the relevance of long-term follow-up of these patients. The aims here are to review the multiple clinical, hormonal and metabolic abnormalities that could be found in adult CAH patients as such a decrease in bone mineral density, overweight and disturbed reproductive functions. In women with classic CAH, a low fertility rate is reported, and is probably the consequence of multiple factors including neuroendocrine and hormonal factors, feminizing surgery, and psychological factors. Men with CAH may present hypogonadism either through the effect of adrenal rests or from suppression of gonadotropins resulting in infertility. Therefore a multidisciplinary team with knowledge of CAH should carefully follow up these patients, from childhood through to adulthood, to avoid these complications and to ensure treatment compliance and tight control of the adrenal androgens.
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PMID:Classical forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in adults. 1820 67

The systemic treatment of kidney cancers is promising regarding the first results of the inhibiting molecules of the angiogenesis. Projections in research are encouraging for more specific and sensitive markers of the prostate cancer. For this last the intermittent hormonotherapy improves the quality of life of the patients. The overweight control in infertility allows greater chances of giving birth. The morbidity of the kidney percutaneous surgery is decreased by the use of smaller tools. Reduction rate of reobstruction thanks to new manufactoring stents. The botulinic toxin for the hyperactive bladder refunded by the health insurances.
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PMID:[Trends in urology]. 1830 82

Infertility is more common in overweight and obese women, with reproductive impairments occurring at many levels of the hypothalamic-ovarian-uterine axis. These impairments lead primarily to longer times to conception and decreased pregnancy rates and have resulted in increasing numbers of overweight and obese women seeking assisted reproduction technologies, such as in vitro fertilization or IVF. Even after undertaking IVF procedures obese women have decreased pregnancy rates compared to moderate weight women, suggesting there may be intrinsic differences in the oocytes of these patients. Definitive data is lacking however, and thus the effect of obesity on oocyte quality remains one of the biggest controversies in reproductive medicine. This review summarizes the studies to date which have yielded information about the effects of obesity on human oocyte quality and pre-implantation embryo development. In addition recent results from our laboratory which clearly demonstrate that diet-induced obesity in mice impairs oocyte developmental competence are discussed.
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PMID:Evidence that obesity alters the quality of oocytes and embryos. 1859 75

The number of infertile couples to be cared for in infertility centres is estimated to be between 1 to 6 %. This figure has been rising over the past years. During the 24th annual meeting of the ESHRE (European society of Human Reproduction) in Barcelona, changes in the population of infertile couples have been analysed. The major trend is an increase in women's age but also in men's age when desiring their first child. This mean rise has reached more than two years for women's age, over the past 10 years. The negative influence of the woman's age on fertility, especially after 35 years, is clearly established. However, new data in men suggest that an age higher than 35 years could be linked to an increased rate of miscarriages. The concept of preconceptionnal care in order to detect comorbidities, especially smoking, overweight and diabetes has been emphasized. Furthermore, the influence of current lifestyles on fertility, a potential role of endocrine disrupters, represent new concerns, which are in line with a policy of preventive care of infertility. Lastly, patients undergoing treatment with gonadotoxic drugs represent a 'new" population in fertility clinics. Techniques of testicular and ovarian preservation, especially frozen oocytes, must be disseminated and improved in order to prevent infertility in those patients.
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PMID:[What are the factors affecting fertility in 2008?]. 1895 61

Obesity and overweight are common conditions that have consequences not only on general health but also to a great extent on reproductive health. There is a high prevalence of obese women in the infertile population and numerous studies have highlighted the link between obesity and infertility. Obesity contributes to anovulation and menstrual irregularities, reduced conception rate and a reduced response to fertility treatment. It also increases miscarriage and contributes to maternal and perinatal complication. Reduction of obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is associated with improvements in reproductive functions; hence, treatment of obesity itself should be the initial aim in obese infertile women before embarking on ovulation-induction drugs or assisted reproductive techniques. While various strategies for weight reduction, including diet, exercise, pharmacological and surgical intervention exist, lifestyle modification continues to be of paramount importance.
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PMID:Impact of obesity on female fertility and fertility treatment. 1907 20

Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic: it is associated with increased rate of infertility and with many pregnancy complications. Moreover, it is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, which increases the risk of these complications. As the prevalence of obesity is increasing, so is the number of women in the reproductive age who are overweight and obese. This article addresses issues concerning pregravid obesity and weight gain during pregnancy and their implication on gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcome.
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PMID:Pregnancy and obesity. 1950 14


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