Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0497406 (overweight)
 26,365 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

(1). Assessment of thyroidal and other indices in 275 instances of obesity with body weight excesses up to 200 percent or more of the ideal revealed absent thyroidal I131 uptake responses to TSH in about one out of five patients. Moreover, basal thyroidal I131 uptake of 10 percent or less, prolongation of ankle reflex time, or high levels of serum cholesterol were present in a minority. Also, occasional instances of unduly elevated serum TSH titers were found. Some of the indices deviated from normal more often with the greater excesses of body weight or with increased age. (2). These findings are consonant with a hypothesis that routine thyroidal or related indices are sporadically abnormal in massive obesity almost always without overt hypothyroidism or myxedema, that total unresponsiveness to exogenous TSH is surprisingly frequent, and that such unresponsiveness represents an unexplained endocrine anomaly in association with gross overweight. (3). Our data suggest that some obese persons are not able to respond to exogenous TSH, nor, presumably, to increases of endogenous TSH. This could result in an economy of caloric expenditure and play a contributory role in the genesis or the perpetuation of the obesity.
 ...
PMID:Unresponsiveness to exogenous TSH in obesity. 8 48

In order to test the practicability of 24-hr investigations with the gradient-free Vienna Whole-Body Calorimeter, energy output was measured over 24-hr periods in 18 human subjects. Heat loss was partitioned into dry and evaporative components. Sixteen female subjects were divided into normal-weight (less than 100% according to the Broca index), overweight (100%--120%), and obese (over 120%) groups. A male with severe hypothyroidism, and a female with no signs of impairment of thyroid function who had weight problems that were suspected to be due to low energy expenditure, were studied separately. Subjects reported that the calorimeter chamber was sufficiently comfortable for at least a 24-hour investigation. Overweight and obese subjects showed both greater total heat output and greater inter-individual variability than the normal weight group. Normal and overweight subjects were on steady levels of food intake that were representative of usual intake. For normal subjects there was a relatively close correspondence between energy intake and output, but not for overweight subjects. Thyroid hormone therapy produced a large increase in energy output in the hypothyroid patient. Energy expenditure was found to be unusually low in the patient with weight problems and was increased by about 50% after thyroid hormone administration.
 ...
PMID:Calorimetric results in man: energy output in normal and overweight subjects. 49 69

Using a two stages screening method the prevalence in the general population of hyperlipoproteinemias (HLP), separated in the five types proposed by Fredrickson, Levy and Lees, and adopted by WHO has been studied. The study included 7,085 subjects of both sexes, aged 25-65 years, representing 84,52 % of a population taken at random within a district of Bucarest. HLP was found in 1,013 cases, i.e. 14,29 % of the investigated population. 48.37 % were men and 51.63 % women. The prevalence of HLP was lowest in the first decace of age studied (25-35 years) and highest in the last two decades (45-65 years). Overweight was more frequently encountered in these patients (64.46 %) than in the total population (32.3 %). Of the 1,013 cases with HLP, 42.35 % (6.05 % of the total population) were of type IV, 27.05 % (3.86 % of the total population) of type II-b, 22.80 % (3.26 % of the total population) of type II-a, 4.74 % (0.67 % of the total population) of the type III and 3.06 % (0.43 % of the total population) of the type V. 22.70 % of the HLP patients were considered primary familial HLP, 66.54 % primary non-familial HLP and 10.76 % secondary HLP; IN 109 secondary HLP, the most frequently encountered disease was diabetes mellitus (42.20 %), followed by hypothyroidism (24.77 %), alcoholism (12.84 %), obstructive liver diseases (9.17 %), pancreatitis (5.50 %), nephrotic syndrome (2.75 %) and treatment with estrogens and steroids (2.75 %).
 ...
PMID:The epidemiology of hyperlipoproteinemia in a Rumanian general population sample. Study of 7,085 cases. 101 36

Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were prospectively assayed and compared with anti-microsome and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies in 203 patients (188 women, 15 men; mean age 42 +/- 14 years). These patients consulted for hyperthyroidism (n = 42, including 18 with Graves' disease), fumary hypothyroidism (n = 50, including 20 at the diagnosis stage), euthyroid diffuse or nodular goitre (n = 81) or benign euthyroid nodule (n = 14). Sixteen patients examined for fatigue, gynecomastia, menstrual disorders or overweight had normal thyroid function. Anti-thyroid peroxidase, anti-microsome and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were assayed by radioimmunology or indirect immunofluorescence. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were most frequently present in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Graves' disease (72%) or primary hypothyroidism (70%), and correlated with anti-microsome antibody levels (r = 0.87; p less than 0.001). Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were absent in patients with benign euthyroid nodule; they were present in 22% of patients with euthyroid goitre and in 12% of control patients; their level decreased during replacement therapy for hypothyroidism. It is concluded that radioimmunological assays of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies should replace anti-microsome and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies in thyroid evaluation.
 ...
PMID:[Anti-thyroid peroxidase in non-neoplastic thyroid pathology]. 177 11

Circulating TRH-immunoreactive levels, the thyrotropin response to a TRH intravenous stimulation (200 micrograms) and thyroid hormone concentrations have been determined in 43 overweight subjects (body mass index 45 +/- 12 kg/m2, mean +/- s.d.) and 46 (body mass index 22 +/- 2 kg/m2) normal weight controls. The TRH levels measured by a recently developed, highly specific radioimmunoassay were similar among both groups (44 +/- 16 vs 40 +/- 12 fmol/ml, n.s.). The pattern of response of TSH to TRH was normal in the obese and no significant difference was observed between the peak TSH values of the obese and the normal group (8.3 +/- 2.8 vs 8.7 +/- 2.2 microU/ml, n.s.). No correlations were found between the degree of obesity and the concentrations of TRH, TSH and peripheral thyroid hormone levels. Three obese patients showed a delta-TSH of 18, 19 and 21 microU/ml at normal thyroid hormone concentrations as sign of latent hypothyroidism. These data indicate that in obesity: (a) the TSH response to i.v. TRH is not impaired, (b) circulating TRH-IR levels are not significantly changed and (c) the incidence of overt hypothyroidism is not increased.
 ...
PMID:Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) immunoreactivity and thyroid function in obesity. 190 Dec 99

Hypothyroidism was documented in an overweight dog with bilateral entropion, blepharoptosis, and multiple, non-inflammatory papular and vesicular lesions on the head. Histologic evaluation of skin biopsy specimens confirmed the diagnosis of mucinous vesiculation. All skin and eyelid abnormalities resolved in response to thyroid hormone supplementation.
 ...
PMID:Cutaneous mucinous vesiculation in a dog with hypothyroidism. 230 15

The control of coronary heart disease (CHD) depends primarily on its prevention at an early stage. It is generally agreed that this depends upon the elimination or treatment of the known risk factors for CHD. Among these, hyperlipidaemia occupies a central position. The diagnosis and treatment of this condition is the subject of this statement. Before initiating therapy for primary hyperlipidaemia the common causes of secondary hyperlipidaemia are sought and dealt with, including diabetes, hypothyroidism, over-use of alcohol, renal and liver diseases and certain drugs. Next, an assessment of all risk factors for CHD is carried out, i.e. family history of CHD, smoking, hypertension, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol measurement, diabetes mellitus and overweight. More intensive therapy is called for in patients with multiple risk factors than in those with lone hyperlipidaemia, and also after successful bypass operation or after coronary angioplasty. Evaluation of hyperlipidaemia in the patient's family is often appropriate. The diagnosis and follow-up of the hyperlipidaemic patient depend on reliable and well-controlled laboratory support. The primary hyperlipidaemias include several distinct diseases that are characterized by elevated serum levels of cholesterol and/or triglyceride with or without abnormally low levels of HDL cholesterol. From these measurements, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels are calculated [except when triglyceride levels are greater than 500 mg dl-1 (5.6 mmol l-1)]. Elevated LDL levels are causally important in atherosclerosis, and occur in three disorders: familial hypercholesterolaemia, familial combined hyperlipidaemia and common hypercholesterolaemia. The finding of elevated serum triglyceride without marked hypercholesterolaemia may occur in familial hypertriglyceridaemia and sometimes in familial combined hyperlipidaemia. Elevation of serum cholesterol and triglyceride can have several genetic bases, including remnant (type III) hyperlipidaemia and familial combined hyperlipidaemia. The characteristic feature of remnant (type III) hyperlipidaemia (demonstrated by ultracentrifugation in a specialized laboratory) is the presence of cholesterol and triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), whereas combined (mixed) hyperlipidaemia is diagnosed when both VLDL (of normal composition) and LDL levels are elevated. Investigation of other family members is necessary to make the diagnosis of familial combined hyperlipidaemia. It depends on the identification of different lipoprotein profiles in affected members of the same family.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The recognition and management of hyperlipidaemia in adults: A policy statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society. 340 74

Acanthosis nigricans is a marker for disorders of insulin action, endocrine abnormalities, and cancer of internal organs. To evaluate the clinical significance of this marker the systemic alterations and clinical features of 26 patients with acanthosis nigricans seen at two institutions were reviewed. Most subjects affected by acanthosis nigricans were female (20 patients), Caucasian (22 patients), in the third decade of life (13 patients), and overweight (24 patients greater than 120 percent ideal body weight). Gonadal disease, present in 17 patients, was expressed as polycystic ovary syndrome (11 cases), disorders of prolactin secretion (two cases, one with polycystic ovary syndrome), streak gonads (one case), and hypogonadism of the male (four cases). Thyroid disease and tinea versicolor were present in four patients each. Three patients were receiving insulin therapy for diabetes mellitus, and in two additional patients diabetes mellitus was detected during the diagnostic workup. All patients had elevated fasting insulin levels; most of them also had an exaggerated insulin response to a glucose load. Two of 18 patients tested had antibodies against the insulin receptor in the circulation. Skin biopsy of acanthosis nigricans lesions from all 26 patients showed a typical pattern of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and epidermal papillomatosis. Colloidal iron staining showed glycosaminoglycan infiltration of the papillary dermis (21 of 21 cases), consisting mainly of hyaluronic acid. It is concluded that: (1) hyperinsulinenemia and local dermal glycosaminoglycan deposition are regular features in acanthosis nigricans and (2) patients with acanthosis nigricans should be screened for diabetes mellitus, gonadal disease, and hypothyroidism.
 ...
PMID:Spectrum of endocrine abnormalities associated with acanthosis nigricans. 367 58

An ultrasonographic survey of thyroid abnormalities was conducted in 547 consecutive apparently normal overweight subjects (380 females and 167 males), aged 27-58 years in an urban area with relatively low iodine intake (mean daily urinary iodine excretion: 10.6 micrograms/dL). Individuals with any previous thyroid disease or familial thyroid pathology were excluded. In 240 subjects (44%) high resolution ultrasonography of the thyroid was considered normal. In 307 individuals (56%) abnormalities of the echo structure (39%) or thyroid nodular disease (17%) were detected by ultrasonography. Marked heterogeneity of the echo structure that was considered suggestive of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis was present in 81 subjects (15%). In 72 of these patients the serum anti-TPO levels were positive by a sensitive RIA. Thyroid nodules either solid or predominantly cystic were present in 90 subjects (17%). Eighteen patients had a relatively large nodule (diameter 15-18 mm). Eleven of these nodules were missed at clinical examination. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed in 14 patients and 7 individuals underwent thyroid surgery. In 6 subjects the pathologic diagnosis was benign adenomatous goiter and one patient had a follicular carcinoma. Thyroid function studies confirmed subclinical hypothyroidism in 27 patients (4.9%), all of them with elevated serum anti-TPO autoantibodies levels. It was concluded that the overall occurrence of thyroid disease is more common than suspected by clinical examination.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of incidental thyroid disease in a relatively low iodine intake area. 748 67

Overweight in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has been repeatedly reported, especially in girls during adolescence. Potential pathophysiologic factors include tight metabolic control, insulin dose, treatment regimen, puberty and genetics. A standardized data-base from all IDDM patients treated at our institution was evaluated. IDDM patients with hypothyroidism or celiac's disease as well as all records from the first year of diabetes were excluded, resulting in a total of 427 patients (2454 patient-years) available for analysis. BMI and SD-score for BMI based on the Zurich longitudinal growth study were evaluated. Standardized BMI was higher in pubertal children ( + 1.07+/-0.06) compared to prepubertal children (+ 0.68+/-0.07; p < 0.002). This increase was present both for boys and girls. Increasing overweight during puberty was found irrespective of the age at diagnosis of diabetes (prepubertal or pubertal). The daily dose of insulin and the long-term metabolic control had only a minor impact on the development of overweight. In contrast, in pubertal children, SDS-BMI was significantly higher in patients on intensified insulin regimens (3 or 4 daily injections) compared to patients with 2 injections (p < 0.05). These data demonstrate that both boys as well as girls with IDDM develop overweight during puberty. Multiple injection therapy, not daily dose of insulin or the level of metabolic control achieved, was the main predictor of weight gain. This finding may be explained by increased caloric intake due to the flexibility allowed by intensified treatment.
 ...
PMID:Contributions of age, gender and insulin administration to weight gain in subjects with IDDM. 962 71


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>