Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0494475 (tonic-clonic seizure)
 1,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study was performed to assess the period prevalence of catamenial epilepsy in Thai female epileptic patients. Such a condition is defined as seizures related to menstruation which occur for at least 2 consecutive months within 1 patient during 4 days prior to and/or 6 days after the onset of menstruation. Patients with regular menstruation aged between 15-50 years attending the Out-Patient Department of Prasat Neurological Institute in Bangkok from 1 November, 1995 to 31 January, 1996 were recruited. Patients and/or their relatives were interviewed directly or by telephone using a questionnaire concerning menstrual history, seizures related to menstruation and they were requested to record these data for 2 further consecutive months. In cases where the interview could not be directly performed, a mailed questionnaire was used instead. All information was considered together with information reviewed from the OPD cards. Forty-six from 467 epileptic patients were considered to have catamenial epilepsy. The period prevalence thus was 98.5 in 1,000 women at risk and the mode of frequency of seizure occurrence was 2 days before menstruation. Generalized seizure was found more common in these patients than partial seizure. In particular, general tonic-clonic seizure and complex partial seizure were the most common for each type, respectively. About 70 per cent of the patients used more than 1 anti-convulsant drugs to control their seizures. Some have received other drug supplements to relieve seizure exacerbation but only mild improvement was observed. No change in body weights measured in 2 or 1 day before menstruation, on the first menstrual day and in 1 day after menstruation was demonstrated in all patients. The results suggest that catamenial epilepsy is one of the clinically significant problems of seizure control in Thai female epileptic patients and multifactors may be involved in this condition.
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PMID:The period prevalence of catamenial epilepsy at Prasat Neurological Institute, Bangkok. 991 86

A 21-year-old male known case of primary hypothyroidism, Seizure disorder sequelae of an old trauma receiving sodium valproate, clobazam and phenobarbitone for control of Generalized tonic clonic seizures reported to neurology OPD with history of altered sensorium and gait unsteadiness for 1 week with history of hike in valproate dose 2 weeks before. On examination he was drowsy. Neurological examination was unremarkable except for gait unsteadiness and ataxia. Patient was admitted and evaluated for acute worsening. All (the) biochemical parameters including complete blood count, liver function tests, kidney function tests, routine urine examination, arterial blood gas analysis, blood and urine culture tests were normal. CSF analysis was also normal. Repeat MRI brain was also done which depicted all old changes with no fresh changes which will account for worsening of his sensorium. EEG was suggestive of diffuse encephalopathy. Thyroid function tests were also normal. Valproate encephalopathy was suspected and Valproate was empirically stopped and he was put on levetiracetam and phenytoin. His sensorium improved rapidly after stoppage of valproate with normalization of EEG. Serum valproate Levels were high with serum ammonia levels were in the normal range. We made the inference of nonhyperammoneamic valproate encephalopathy. This case highlights the existence of non-hyperammonemic valproate induced encephalopathy, suggesting mechanisms other than hyperammonemia responsible for this encephalopathy.
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PMID:Non-Hyperammonemic valproate encephalopathy. 2520 67