Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0494475 (tonic-clonic seizure)
 1,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Melatonin was tested in an ongoing attempt to find the endogenous antagonists of quinolinic acid, an endogenous convulsant. Among a great number of metabolites that have been tried before, only a few were found (cerulein and quinaldic acid in mice and kynurenic acid in rats). In SHR (bred from Swiss) male mice, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) pretreatment with melatonin (1.25-10.0 microg) attenuated (in the descending order of potency) the convulsant effect of i.c.v. administered kainate, quinolinate, glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and pentylenetetrazole. Melatonin was ineffective against i.p. administered pentylenetetrazole. Systemically (intraperitoneal, i.p.) administered melatonin (12.5-100.0 mg/kg) attenuated the convulsant effect of quinolinate, while the action of other convulsants used remained unaltered. It is suggested that melatonin could be tried against grand mal seizures in epileptic patients.
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PMID:Anticonvulsant activity of melatonin against seizures induced by quinolinate, kainate, glutamate, NMDA, and pentylenetetrazole in mice. 957 30

We tested the relation between a single short tonic-clonic seizure elicited by flurothyl vapors and changes of learning in Morris water maze (MWM) in Wistar rats. Oxidative stress usually accompanies seizures. Large melatonin doses were applied immediately before and after seizures to test consequences on learning impairment. One hour of hypobaric hypoxia (8000 m) three days prior to the seizure served as an activator of intrinsic antioxidant systems. Learning in MWM (7 days) started 24 h after seizures. Following seizures, latencies in MWM were longer than in controls and were shortened by hypoxia and preventive melatonin application. Melatonin was also applied before hypoxia to influence free radical (FR) production and intrinsic antioxidant activation. Some behavioral characteristics were changed and preconditioning effect of hypoxia was reduced. Melatonin after seizure (150 s and 6 h) had negligible effect. Results allow us to hypothesize about the role of FR and the beneficial effect of melatonin on the behavioral consequences of seizures.
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PMID:An isolated epileptic seizure elicits learning impairment which could be prevented by melatonin. 2234 63