Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0494475 (tonic-clonic seizure)
 1,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The main objective of this study was to determine the modifications induced by the pesticide lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) in the regional concentration of neurotransmitters in brain, taking the tonic-clonic seizure as the main sign of its neurotoxic action. The animals were given lindane (150 mg/kg p.o. in olive oil) and killed at the onset of the first seizure (mean latency time: 18.3 +/- 5.5 min, n = 16). The inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the biogenic amines noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT), as well as its corresponding acidic metabolite, were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric or electrochemical detection in different areas of the brain: hippocampus, mesencephalon, colliculi, frontal cortex, parietal cortex, striatum and thalamus. The concentration of GABA in whole tissue was only significantly decreased in the colliculi. The concentration of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were decreased in the colliculi, striatum and frontal cortex, suggesting a decreased synthesis and release of 5-HT, but increased in the parietal cortex. The concentration of NA was significantly decreased in the parietal cortex. Thus, the results indicate that lindane induces some modifications of the concentration of neurotransmitters in cortical structures, basal nuclei, midbrain and colliculi. These changes may be consequent upon the proposed interaction of lindane with the GABAergic system, although a direct action of lindane on other neurotransmitter systems cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Regional concentrations of GABA, serotonin and noradrenaline in brain at onset of seizures induced by lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane). 245 33

The effects of valproate on CNS concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glulamate (GLU), glutamine (GLN); dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and metabolites were examined in tissue extracts of caudate nucleus of genetic substrains of Balb/c mice susceptible (EP) or resistant (ER) to audiogenic seizures. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures observed in EP mice were inhibited by valproate, administered 1 h prior to testing, in a dose-response fashion. Concentrations of GABA, GLU, and GLN, which were lower in EP mice than in ER mice, were significantly increased by valproate at doses of 180 and 360 mg/kg. Concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA) and hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), metabolites of DA and 5-HT, were substantially increased by valproate at these doses. The in situ activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was not significantly influenced by valproate, whereas a valproate-induced increase in tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) activity was observed in both striatum and in midbrain tegmentum. The data are consistent with the interpretation that anti-convulsive doses of valproate influences the intraneuronal metabolism of monoamines, GABA, and glutamate concurrently. Valproate's influence on the metabolism of both major inhibitory (GABA) and excitatory (GLY amino acids in striatum could contribute to its anti-convulsive effects in genetically seizure prone mice, as well as to the accumulation of DA and 5-HT metabolites.
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PMID:Effects of valproate on amino acid and monoamine concentrations in striatum of audiogenic seizure-prone Balb/c mice. 914 15