Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0494475 (tonic-clonic seizure)
 1,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this series of one hundred and twenty-eight adults with Down's syndrome nearly half (i.e. 42.2 per cent) developed a normal EEG. This would appear to bear out the findings of Gregoziades and Pampiglione (1966) that older children with this syndrome tended to have tracings similar to the normal child. The youngest age group of fifteen to twenty-four years developed a normal tracing in 38.9 per cent of cases. The most frequent abnormality was an excess of theta, in keeping with the suggestion of Godinova and Hirai and Izawa that this was due to immaturity. Neither the presence of congenital heart disease nor diabetes nor intercurrent illness appeared to have any effect on the development of seizures. Epilepsy developed at any time during adult life but, not surprisingly, the five cases developing it had shown sharp or paroxysmal activity previously. Two had suffered from fainting attacks. In one, the diagnosis was confirmed later by a typical grand mal seizure and the other by response to anticonvulsants. Neither suffered from congenital heart disease.
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PMID:The EEG and incidence of epilepsy in Down's syndrome. 15 92

A patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia is described who developed meningeal leukemia 14 months after the initial diagnosis was made. As part of his antileukemic therapy, at that time, he received prednisone and vincristine, given prophylactically to maintain a bone marrow remission. He inadvertently received 15 mg of vincristine instead of 1.5 mg. Following this overdosage he developed pancytopaenia, mild neurotoxicity and subsequently a grand mal seizure associated with the delayed onset of hyponatremia. This was presumed to be due to the inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secondary to vincristine toxicity. This responded to fluid restriction and anti-epileptiform therapy.
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PMID:Inappropiate ADH secretion associated with massive vincristine overdosage. 16 81

A 62-year-old woman developed neurologic deficits 7 months after pulmonary lobectomy for alveolar cell carcinoma of the lung. CT scan of the head demonstrated two metastases with marked peritumoral edema. Administration of Decadron, chemotherapy and 3,000 rad cranial radiation resulted in dramatic improvement of dysphasia and right hand paresis. Almost 2 months later, rhythmic, involuntary movements of the left hand developed. There was progression to multifocal seizures, grand mal seizures, postictal depression, status epilepticus, and coma, with death 9 days after onset of the movement disorder. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma was widely disseminated in lungs and bones, and as three metastases in brain. Bland "ischemic" necrosis in a pseudolaminar pattern was present in the neocortex. Innumerable Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodenodroglia. Immunofluorescence demonstrated Herpes simplex virus type 2 antigen and electron microscopy revealed virions with the morphology of the Herpes group. The case is significant for (1) the concurrence of intracranial metastases and Herpes simplex encephalitis, and (2) the causal agent, Herpes simplex virus type 2. The implication for the clinical neurocientist is the potential in a patient with systemic cancer, for the causation of neurologic complications by more than one factor or mechanism.
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PMID:Herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis concurrent with known cerebral metastases. 22 22

A family--mother and 2 sons--with a heredodegenerative neurological disease is described. The disease started with bilateral optic atrophy, central scotoma, and color blindness during the second decade. This was followed by a quiescent period until additional neurological symptoms appeared, around the age of 50 years in the case of the mother and 40 and 30 years, respectively, in the sons. The additional symptoms were ataxia, spastic paresis, clonic jerks, grand mal seizures, psychia lability, and slight dementia. The disease was progressive, resulting in permanent hospitalization within a few years. The mother died at the age of 63 years and the sons at 46 and 43 years of age. Neuropathological examination revealed lesions histopathologically characteristic of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (SNE, Leigh disease), and their distribution in the brain and brainstem also conformed to this disease. On the basis of the clinical course and neuropathological findings, we consider that these 3 patients represent the first reported familial cases of the adult form of SNE.
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PMID:Familial subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy of the adult form (adult Leigh syndrome). 23 Jul 81

Eight patients developed grand mal seizures during intravenous theophylline therapy. None had a history of neurologic disorder, and all were acutely ill with severe pulmonary or cardiovascular disease, or both. Serum theophylline concentrations obtained within 1 hour of the seizure ranged from 25 mug/ml to 70mug/ml, with a mean value (53 plus or minus 4.8 mug/ml) more than twice the upper limit of the recommended therapeutic concentration. This serum theophylline concentration was greater than the concentration found in a group of patients with less severe drug-related symptoms (35 plus or minus 1.8 mug/ml, P less than 0.01). A third group of patients without drug-related symptoms had a mean theophylline serum concentration of 19 plus or minus 2.0 mug/ml, which was less than that found in either group with toxicity symptoms (P less than 0.05). Factors predisposing to the high serum concentrations in the patients with seizures were both higher drug dosage, compared with the other groups (P less than 0.01), and hepatic dysfunction, which was more common in both groups with drug-related symptoms.
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PMID:Theophylline-induced seizures in adults. Correlation with serum concentrations. 23 50

Senegalese baboons (Papio papio), with a natural syndrome of photosensitive epilepsy, consistently show generalized myoclonic jerks if stimulated stroboscopically at hourly intervals, two to eight hours after the intravenous administration of allylglycine, 200 mg/kg. This provides a model for testing the acute antiepileptic effects of established or new drugs. The relationship between concentration of drug, antiepileptic action, and acute neurological toxic effects can be studied. Pnehobarbital (15 mg/kg) and diazepam (0;5 to 1.5 mg/kg) were highly effective in the absence of signs of toxic reaction (plasma levels: phenobarbital sodium, 0.7 to 1.7 mg/100 ml; diazepam, greater than 0.5 mug/ml). After administration of carbamazepine (30 to 40 mg/kg) and diphenylhydantoin sodium (40 to 50 mg/kg), antiepileptic action was seen, but was accompanied by severe toxic signs (nystagmus and ataxia). Sulthiame (20 to 125 mg/kg) and ethosuximide (50 to 100 mg/kg) had little antiepileptic activity and no acute toxic effects. This primate model may aid the identification of new drugs that are active against grand mal seizures and status epilepticus.
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PMID:A primate model for testing anticonvulsant drugs. 23 98

Eighty-five patients were admitted to the hospital under the preliminary diagnosis of epileptic seizures. None of them had more than five seizures before admission. Sixty-five of these 85 patients had a neurological and electroencephalographic follow-up examination 5 to 7 years later. Another 8 had been readmitted before. From these 8 the diagnosis of cerebral tumor was made in 3 patients. In almost half of the remaining 70 cases the etiology of seizures remained uncertain. The leading known etiologic factors were chronic alcoholism, head injury and perinatal brain damage. Before admission seizures recurred once or twice a year in most patients. After discharge from the hospital 25 patients were without further seizures, 15 of the seizure-free group never received anti-epileptic treatment. The remaining 10 were without medication for a period of time before the follow-up. All seizure-free patients were given the diagnosis of very rare grand mal seizures or seizures of uncertain origin. Only two of the untreated group (total of 17) had seizures after discharge. These findings show that recurrence of seizures was predictable, when patients were discharged. Predictors of recurrance were "treatment" or "no treatment" given initially. Antiepileptic medication should be given in cases of one seizure or more a year, when epileptic origin is certain. Very rare seizures and seizures of uncertain origin may stay without antiepileptic treatment. Sporadic seizures are benign in most cases - comparable to seizures of late onset. Both groups overlap.
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PMID:[Prognosis and therapy of sporadic seizures (author's transl)]. 24 58

The technique, the quality of the films and the frequency of side effects are evaluated in 100 consecutive cervical myelographies with lumbar injection of metrizamide (Amipaque). The most frequent adverse effects were headache (47%) and nausea and vomiting (27%). EEG disturbances were recorded in 20 per cent. Due to special circumstances grand mal seizures and mental confusion occurred in one patient; this was the only major complication in altogether 260 cervical myelographies with lumbar injection.
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PMID:Cervical myelography with metrizamide using lumbar injection. 29 63

This survey covers 74 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, resistant to medication, who underwent unilateral temporal lobectomy during the years 1960-1969 at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. Preoperatively all patients were socially incapacitated. In all patients a unilateral or predominantly unilateral temporal EEG focus was found. No tumour or gross vascular malformation had been recognized before or during operation. At follow-up 45 patients were free from seizures. A further 15 had obtained a reduction in their seizure frequencies by at least 75%, while the remaining 10 survivors, only obtained a slight improvement or remained unchanged. There were four deaths. The operation also favourably influenced the psychiatric status, which was found closely related to relief from seizures. Prognostically favourable factors were: i) preoperative presence of a single type of seizure, ii) duration of epilepsy of less than four years, iii) operation in or before early adulthood, iv) an anterior temporal or sphenoidal electrode focus, or both, on the EEG. The prognostically unfavourable factors regarding complete relief from seizures were: i) preoperative presence of grand mal, ii) age at onset of epilepsy or of the first grand mal seizure between 5 and 19 years of age, iii) preoperative duration of epilepsy of over ten years and of grand mal of over one year. Prognostically unfavourable factors regarding psychiatric normalization were: i) preoperative presence of psychosis, ii) ictal-affective attacks or automatisms of a complex nature, iii) impairment of intellectual functions. The eventual neuropathological conclusion was that the more specific and circumscribed the histological abnormality the better the final outcome. The social rehabilitation was found to be significantly improved by operation at an early age.
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PMID:Temporal lobe epilepsy. Follow-up investigation of 74 temporal lobe resected patients. 30 43

In 170 patients 184 ventriculographies with water-soluble contrast media were carried out, 60 examinations with meglumine iocarmate (Dimer-X) and 124 with metrizamide (Amipaque). Grand mal seizures occurred in one patient following the injection of meglumine iocarmate. The indications, technique and diagnostic results are reported.
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PMID:Ventriculography with water-soluble contrast media. 31 45


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