Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0494475 (tonic-clonic seizure)
 1,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Stereotactic Forel-H-Tomy has been performed in 20 cases of epilepsy refractory to medication of which 15 have been followed from 2 to 7 years. The outcome of operation in 7 cases is judged as 'markedly effective' or 'effective'. In 3 cases the operation was ineffective. Effectiveness was greater in bilateral operation. Improvement of EEG was indicated by disappearance or marked reduction of spikes (or sharp waves) or spike and wave complex. Grand mal seizures alone or cases of minor seizure alone have responded more favorably than other clinical types. Six cases demonstrated improvement of personality and emotions.
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PMID:Follow-up study of epileptic patients following forel-H-tomy. 9 39

In this report 52 patients meeting the criteria of centrencephalic myoclonic-astatic petit mal (10) at the beginning of petit mal are included. The results of clinical and encephalographic follow-up examinations are as follows: 1) The type reported here apparently has a petit mal course with peculiar characteristics, it therefore must be separated from Lennox syndrome: centrencephalic myoclonicastatic petit mal, pyknolepsia, bilateral myoclonus (impulsive petit mal). It should file under generalized primary petit mal epilepsy. 2) It is primarily defined by its EEG marker: "centrencephalic" EEG pattern (irregular and/or regular spike-wave groups, photosensibility and abnormal theta- and/or delta-rhythm). Rarely (33%) minor cerebral organic lesions as additional pathogenetic factors are uncovered by clinical and electroencephalographic examinations. 3) The clinical picture is characterized, aside from myoclonic and/or astatic seizures, by frequent absences (80%), rare tonic seizures (6%), petit mal status (25%) and mostly generalized grand mal seizures (62%). 4) There are changes of the course of the disease to Lennox syndrome (N = 6) in in children suffering from marked cerebral organic lesions at the onset of petit mal and in development of severe epilepsy. 5) Least favorite markers with respect to prognosis are concomitant grand mal seizures (p = 0,05), petit mal status (p = 0.008), additional 2/sec spike wave-pattern (spike wave Variant) in the EEG (p = 0.002) and previous seizures with focal signs. Favourite outcome of epilepsy are frequently connected to missing cerebral organic lesions (p = 0.05).
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PMID:[Centrencephalic myoclonic-astatic petit mal. Clinical and electroencephalographic long-term follow-up study in 52 patients (author's transl)]. 9 76

A 64-year-old male with glossopharyngeal neuralgia, cardiac asystole and grand mal seizures has been relieved of his attacks by intake of 400 mg of Carbamazepine per day over a 4-year period. Simultaneous EEG-EKG recordings before and after drinking water document the diagnosis.
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PMID:Cardiac syncope secondary to glossopharyngeal neuralgia--effectively treated with carbamazepine. 10 34

The diagnostic quality and side effects of Amipaque and Pantopaque as myelographic contrast agents were compared prospectively using the identical protocol in 167 cases (117 Amipaque, 50 Pantopaque). Good ratings were attained in 74% of Amipaque and 76% of Pantopaque examinations. Demonstration of nerve rootlets in the cauda equina and filling of lumbar root sleeves were superior with Amipaque. Amipaque more easily demonstrated the high posterior cervical subarachnoid space and the anterior and posterior margins of the cervical spinal cord. The incidence of postmyelographic headache was 38% with Amipaque and 32% with Pantopaque. Nausea and vomiting were more common with Amipaque. Two patients experienced grand mal seizures after examination sith Amipaque.
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PMID:Contrast agents for myelography: clinical and radiological evaluation of Amipaque and Pantopaque. 10 30

A significant increase in S-urate was found postictally in 17 patients with two or more grand mal seizures within 24 h. In six patients S-urate was above the level at which hyperuricemic renal failure may develop. Impaired renal function was observed in two patients who had extremely high S-urates. It is proposed that prophylactic procedures against hyperuricemic renal failure should be carried out in all patients with repetitive convulsions.
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PMID:Grand mal-provoked hyperuricemia. 10 41

114 patients suffering from generalized grand mal seizures were treated with phenytoin only. Serum-phenytoin was monitored, and its relation to the frequency of attacks was established in each case, observing steady state periods of at least 3 months' duration. In a group of 44 patients the reduction in pretreatment frequency of attacks was used to evaluate the drug effect. The probability of attacks followed an exponential function of serum-phenytoin. Curves of equal probability for further attacks were plotted: they may assist in determining the initial regimen. However, the high variability in responsiveness during a serum-phenytoin below 10 mg/l suggested that the effective level has to be determined separately and repeatedly for every single patient.
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PMID:Antiepileptic therapy with phenytoin: which is the optimum serum level? 11 May 92

Epileptiform seizures occurred in a 34-year-old woman who was receiving amitriptyline and lithium carbonate therapy for treatment of endogenous depression. While receiving amitriptyline maintenance therapy, she was given lithium on two separate occasions, and despite serum levels of lithium in the therapeutic range, grand mal seizures developed. The seizures may represent a toxic reaction either to lithium or to combined drug therapy. Controlled studies are needed to evaluate both the efficacy and toxicity of combined drug therapy in affective disorders.
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PMID:Seizures during lithium-amitriptyline therapy. 11 90

Grand mal type of sequential spike discharges at 8-12 cps are rare as interseizure phenomena. When the grand mal component is prominent, it usually indicates a greater tendency for major convulsions. The case of a 15 year old girl who developed akinetic seizures along with her menarche and whose electroencephalogram showed recurring sharp waves at 10-11 cps, is reported, and its clinical significance discussed.
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PMID:"Grand mal type" of spike discharge as interseizure phenomenon. 11 38

Total creatine kinase (CK) activity in serum was increased post-ictally in 14 out of 17 patients (82%) admitted to the hospital after one or more generalized seizures. No correlation was found between increased CK levels and cerebral or extracerebral ictal injuries. A highly significant negative correlation exists between regular anti-epileptic treatment and elevated levels of the enzyme (p less than 0.01). The maximum value of CK activity was found on the 3rd or 4th post-ictal day in 10 out of 14 patients. Correspondingly, late CK-activity increases on the 2nd-4th post-ictal day were found in 6 out of 9 experiments with unrestrained cats. In cats immobilized by relaxant drugs, only an initial rise of the enzyme within 24 h after the electrographic seizures was observed. These findings suggest that sources other than the skeletal muscle alone contribute to the increased CK activity after grand mal seizures.
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PMID:Creatine kinase in serum after grand mal seizures. 12 Oct 79

Cerebrospinal fluid gamma-aminobutyric acid (CSF GABA) was analyzed in 151 patients who underwent evaluation for central nervous system disease. CSF GABA was not detected in 19 of these patients, who had no evidence of neurologic disease and who served as controls. GABA was most frequently detected in patients with cerebrovascular disease, and was detected only in Parkinson's syndrome of atherosclerotic origin and dementia of multi-infarct type. CSF GABA was not detected in Alzheimer's disease or Huntington's disease. Patients with grand mal seizures exhibited CSF GABA elevation within 24 hours of the ictus. In patients with multiple sclerosis GABA detection was related to the presence or exacerbation of spinal cord lesions. Further study is necessary to evaluate the significance of elevated CSF GABA in central nervous system disease.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid gamma-aminobutyric acid in neurologic disease. 13 99


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