Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0494475 (tonic-clonic seizure)
 1,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Arteriovenous (AV) fistulas of cerebral and spinal arteries are characterized angiographically by an immediate AV transition without a capillary bed or "nidus" as occurs in AV malformations (AVM's). The clinical presentation, morphology, radiology, and treatment of 12 patients with cerebral AV fistulas and of 12 patients with spinal AV fistulas are reviewed. In the patients with cerebral lesions, headache and seizure disorders were the most common presentations followed by subarachnoid hemorrhage, cardiac failure, progressive neurological dysfunction, and incidental detection on prenatal ultrasound study. In patients with spinal AV fistulas, weakness and sensory disturbance in the lower extremities were the most frequent clinical presentations followed by back pain, disturbances of micturition, and grand mal seizure. The etiology of the symptom complex produced by AV fistulas in each of these locations differed, with venous hypertension being important in spinal cord lesions. Of the patients with cerebral lesions, nine had a single AV fistula, one had two fistulas, and two had multiple fistulas. An AVM was observed in five patients with fistulas (two large, three small). Nine patients exhibited extramedullary AV fistulas of the spine, of whom eight had a single fistula and one had three fistulas; three patients had intramedullary spinal AV fistulas. An arterial aneurysm was found in association with two fistulas, one cerebral and one spinal. Venous ectasias or varices, frequently exhibiting mural calcification, were observed to be prominent in all AV fistulas involving cerebral arteries and in two involving spinal arteries. The location and size of the venous complexes reflected the diameter of the fistula. In addition to conventional imaging techniques (cerebral angiography, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging), MR angiography was a helpful adjunct in the evaluation of fistulas. Treatment strategies employed for AV fistulas in both locations included open surgical and endovascular procedures, frequently used in combination. A satisfactory outcome was observed in all patients.
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PMID:Arteriovenous fistulas of the brain and the spinal cord. 827 Oct 12

A 77-year-old woman with no history of epilepsy presented a probable nonconvulsive status epilepticus while receiving continuous intravenous morphine for back pain relating to vertebral metastasis of a malignant lymphoma. A generalized tonic-clonic seizure occurred a few minutes after injection of the morphine antagonist naloxone. No cerebral lesion was detected. This observation supports the notion of a possible pro-epileptogenic effect of opioid substances in association with metabolic and other toxic factors. Various hypotheses as to the complex actions of morphine and its antagonist in epileptogenesis are discussed.
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PMID:Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: the role of morphine and its antagonist. 1081 79

In a 43-year-old woman, 1 ml of 5% fluorescein diluted with 10 ml of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was injected into the subarachnoid space at the L4-L5 level to evaluate nasal CSF leakage. After the injection, amnesia and grand mal seizure developed following a low-back pain spreading through the right leg. The patient was treated with antiedematous and anticonvulsant drugs. CSF drainage and vigorous hydration were performed. The patient recovered without sequelae. It was concluded that intrathecal fluorescein should be used with caution.
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PMID:[Grand mal seizure following intrathecal fluorescein use]. 1605 87

Patients suffering form epilepsy have an increased risk for fractures. Beside fractures caused by fall or accident muscles forces alone generated during tonic-clonic seizure can result in severe musculoskeletal injury. Contractions of strong paraspinal muscles can lead to compression fracture of the mid-thoracic spine. We report a patient who had suffered from a tonic-clonic seizure during early morning hours. After a cracking sound the patient woke up in a state of post-ictal disorientation, loss of urine and tongue bite. He was admitted to our facilities with the suspected vertebral fracture albeit he just reported of mild lower back pain. Native X-rays and computer-tomography scans showed instable burst fractures of L2 and L4. The fractures were stabilised with a dorsally instrumented internal fixator from L1 to L5 followed by hemi-laminectomy and ventral spondylodesis. Muscle force alone can result in severe skeletal trauma including vertebral fractures. This example emphasizes the importance of critical examination of patients after grand mal seizures. Seizures-induced injuries can appear clinically asymptomatic and can easily be overseen due to absence of trauma and post-ictal impairment of consciousness.
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PMID:Seizure-induced muscle force can caused lumbar spine fracture. 1762 9

Several studies have reported rhabdomyolysis induced by various drugs but not by the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam. We present a case of suspected levetiracetam-induced rhabdomyolysis. A 29-year-old woman was hospitalized for generalized tonic-clonic seizure and given levetiracetam for the first time. One day after starting levetiracetam, she developed myalgia, particularly backache, and weakness in both lower limbs. Based on her clinical symptoms and blood test results indicating hyperCKemia, our diagnosis was levetiracetam-induced rhabdomyolysis. Withdrawal of levetiracetam immediately improved the clinical symptoms and hyperCKemia. This first report of suspected levetiracetam-induced rhabdomyolysis provides important information for treating patients early in levetiracetam administration.
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PMID:A case of rhabdomyolysis in which levetiracetam was suspected as the cause. 2566 95