Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0494475 (tonic-clonic seizure)
 1,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors studied 286 patients with epilepsy with disease onset past the age of 20 years (176 males, 110 females) from the urban and rural populations. In 57% of cases the aetiology of epilepsy was undetermined. Among the known aetiological factors head trauma accounted for 15.5% of cases, inflammatory processes in the central nervous system for 4.5%, alcoholism for 7%, vascular lesions for 6%, tumours for 5.2%, degenerative and atrophic changes for 1.5%. Over 40% of patients had had attacks for up to 15 years and over 18% for over 20 years. In 80% of cases grand mal seizures occurred, and in 33% of these cases more than 12 attacks occurred annually. Six cases of status epilepticus were observed with 2 deaths. The attacks were precipitated by menstruation, alcohol abuse, infection, stressed, television watching. Among the signs accompanying or following the seizures tongue biting and urination prevailed. Neurological signs were demonstrated in 21% of cases, encephalopathy in 65%, other psychic disturbances in 9.5%. Systematic treatment was received by 75% of the patients (over 80% in urban population), and therapy with multiple drugs was most frequent. Drug-resistant epilepsy was found in 34% of cases. The patients from the rural population had a lower educational level and had more children. About 70% of the patients were in employment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Analysis of clinico-social features of epilepsy]. 404 96

ABSTRACT Two children with major depression experienced the emergence of motor and vocal tics after 2-3 weeks on imipramine at doses of 75-100 mg daily. The tics did not show any sign of subsiding for 9-10 days following the discontinuation of imipramine, but subsequently responded to treatment with haloperidol. Case 1 involved an 8-year-old child with depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), other behavioral problems, and a history of a single febrile seizure. His family history was positive for tics, depression, anxiety, and seizures. He was found to have a toxic plasma level of the tricyclic antidepressant. Case 2 involved a 13-year-old child with depression, ADHD, behavioral problems, obsessive compulsive symptoms, intellectual deficit, developmental delays, grand mal seizures, and concomitant use of phenytoin. The child had previously developed tics while receiving methylphenidate. The family history was positive for tics, depression, obsessive compulsive symptoms, suicide, and alcohol abuse. The child had a subtherapeutic plasma level of the antidepressant. It is suggested that tricyclic antidepressants may precipitate tics consistent with the symptoms of Tourette's syndrome in genetically vulnerable children. Although this possibility has been suggested in the literature, these are the first two documented cases of this phenomenon. Speculating from these two cases, ADHD may be a risk factor for the appearance of imipramine-induced tic symptoms in depressed children.
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PMID:Emergence of motor and vocal tics during imipramine administration in two children. 1963 Jun 34

Using the pilocarpine model of epilepsy, we investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on the frequency of seizures in animals with epilepsy as well the underlying a possible association between alcohol intake and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) occurrence. Rats were divided randomly into two groups: (A) rats with epilepsy and (B) rats with epilepsy that received a daily dose of ethanol solution (350 mg kg(-1), i.p.) for 30 days. The basal frequency of seizures observed in the A and B groups during the first 30 days were 3.4+/-1.5 and 3.2+/-1.9 seizures per week per animal, respectively. In B group, it was observed a significant seizure increase (11.6+/-5.3) during the first 2 weeks of alcohol administration and quite interesting, one rat died suddenly after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure during this period. We concluded in our experimental study that exist a possible association between alcohol abuse and SUDEP occurrence.
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PMID:Alcohol consumption and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: experimental approach. 2006 9

Lactic acidosis results from an acid-base balance disorder of the body due to an excess of lactic acid. It is frequently found in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care. The most common cause is type A, found in pathologies such as cardiogenic, septic and hypovolemic shock, trauma and severe hypoxemia. The type B is less common and arises without evidence of tissue hypoperfusion or shock. Divers etiologies have been described for this type of hyperlactatemia: Grand Mal seizures, liver failure, hematologic malignancies, congenital enzyme deficiencies, thiamine deficiencies and diabetes mellitus and also alcohol abuse, which may induce a lactic acid under-use or an increased production. The authors describe a rare complication of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), leading to a major and persistent expression of a type B lactic acidosis during ketoacidosis.
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PMID:Elevated Lactic Acid During Ketoacidosis: Pathophysiology and Management. 3163 82

BACKGROUND Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is an uncommon neurological disorder. Until the mid-1980s, the mortality rate was 90-100%, but more than half of patients now have a good prognosis. Early suspicion of ODS is important. However, radiologic findings of ODS are variable and scintigraphy findings have not been reported. CASE REPORT A 38-year-old man with alcohol abuse history was admitted due to electrolyte imbalance. On the 10th day of his hospital stay, he had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Brain perfusion SPECT showed asymmetrically hyperperfused and hypoperfused lesions. Brain MRI revealed diffuse T2 hyperintensity with mild diffusion restriction in the pons and hyperperfused lesions on brain SPECT. He was treated based on the diagnosis of hyponatremia and osmotic demyelination. After treatment, the asymmetric hyperperfusion was decreased. MRI showed that the cortical hyperintensity had resolved, with encephalomalacic change shown in the pons. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing changes in brain perfusion SPECT and MRI in an ODS patient with a seizure. This case report may be helpful to neurologists, radiologists, and nuclear physicians.
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PMID:Follow-Up of Brain Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in a Case of Seizure Caused by Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome. 3264 80