Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0494475 (tonic-clonic seizure)
 1,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Case histories are presented for four psychotic patients who ingested large quantities of water and subsequently developed grand mal seizures and serum sodium levels of less than 121 meq/liter. The physiology of psychogenic polydipsia and related disorders is reviewed. The relation of this disorder to temporal lobe seizures and to the use of phenothiazines is considered.
 ...
PMID:Polydipsia, hyponatremia, and seizures in psychotic patients. 0 49

This survey covers 74 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, resistant to medication, who underwent unilateral temporal lobectomy during the years 1960-1969 at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. Preoperatively all patients were socially incapacitated. In all patients a unilateral or predominantly unilateral temporal EEG focus was found. No tumour or gross vascular malformation had been recognized before or during operation. At follow-up 45 patients were free from seizures. A further 15 had obtained a reduction in their seizure frequencies by at least 75%, while the remaining 10 survivors, only obtained a slight improvement or remained unchanged. There were four deaths. The operation also favourably influenced the psychiatric status, which was found closely related to relief from seizures. Prognostically favourable factors were: i) preoperative presence of a single type of seizure, ii) duration of epilepsy of less than four years, iii) operation in or before early adulthood, iv) an anterior temporal or sphenoidal electrode focus, or both, on the EEG. The prognostically unfavourable factors regarding complete relief from seizures were: i) preoperative presence of grand mal, ii) age at onset of epilepsy or of the first grand mal seizure between 5 and 19 years of age, iii) preoperative duration of epilepsy of over ten years and of grand mal of over one year. Prognostically unfavourable factors regarding psychiatric normalization were: i) preoperative presence of psychosis, ii) ictal-affective attacks or automatisms of a complex nature, iii) impairment of intellectual functions. The eventual neuropathological conclusion was that the more specific and circumscribed the histological abnormality the better the final outcome. The social rehabilitation was found to be significantly improved by operation at an early age.
 ...
PMID:Temporal lobe epilepsy. Follow-up investigation of 74 temporal lobe resected patients. 30 43

A 19-year-old female was admitted to hospital due to a schizophrenia-like psychosis of the paranoid type including delusions and various hallucinations. Neurologically she only showed tics of the eyebrows with increased eye blinking. 30 months before an astrocytoma located on the left basal temporal lobe had been resected after the patient suffered from several psychomotor and two grand mal seizures. Following post-operative anticonvulsant therapy seizures had completely disappeared and the patient had been free of symptoms of any kind. After the acute onset of the psychosis another follow-up MRI of the brain using coronary sections revealed a small relapse-tumor. Symptoms disappeared after high-dose neuroleptic therapy. Finally another surgical intervention led to a lasting remission of the psychotic symptomatology (so far 18 months). Postoperatively neuroleptics could be discontinued. Clinical picture and MRI findings will be discussed with a focus on possible etiological factors in schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:[Remission of schizophreniform psychosis after brain tumor surgery]. 141 83

At the age of 29, a woman developed central nervous system manifestations of incontinence, psychosis and a grand mal seizure in February 1982. She was diagnosed as having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) based on photosensitivity, oral ulcers and elevated antinuclear and anti-DNA antibodies titers. Three years and one month later the patient had episodes of severe headache and vomiting during the course of maintenance treatment. CT examination of the head revealed blood within subarachnoid cisterns, and a small berry aneurysm was found at the distal portion of the basilar artery by cerebral angiography. The possible role of SLE-associated cerebral vascular changes in the development of this aneurysm is discussed.
 ...
PMID:A case of central nervous system lupus associated with ruptured cerebral berry aneurysm. 250 73

Numerous case reports have documented that phenylpropanolamine (PPA) stimulates the central nervous system with symptoms ranging from anxiety and hallucinations to grand mal seizures produced by overdoses. Most of these reports have occurred following concomitant use of caffeine which in high doses is known to cause seizures and psychotic episodes. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if PPA could potentiate caffeine-induced seizures in the rat. First, the input rate dependence of caffeine-induced neurotoxicity was determined by infusing rats intravenously with caffeine at one of three different rates (1.65-8.12 mg/min) until the onset of maximal seizure. This occurred after an average of 12 to 60 min of infusion. The PPA concentrations in serum, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at this pharmacologic endpoint were independent of infusion rate. In another experiment, rats were pretreated with an anorexiant dose of PPA (30 mg/kg ip) either acutely or chronically for 6 d, while control animals received saline solution. All groups were then infused with caffeine at a rate of 4.18 mg/min until onset of seizures. Caffeine concentrations at that time in serum, brain, and CSF were significantly lower in the PPA-pretreated animals than in the control group. It is concluded that both acute and chronic pretreatment with PPA increases the sensitivity of rats to the neurotoxic effects of caffeine.
 ...
PMID:Phenylpropanolamine potentiates caffeine neurotoxicity in rats. 261

A cumulative review of case reports in the literature describing withdrawal reactions secondary to alprazolam is presented. In four of eight reports, the primary withdrawal manifestations were grand mal seizures. One case was characterized by painful myoclonus. In the remaining three cases, the major complications consisted of rebound anxiety with psychotic features. Despite tapering of the daily dosage according to manufacturer guidelines, a withdrawal syndrome was precipitated in three of the cases. As a result of alprazolam's atypical pharmacodynamic profile, the issue is raised as to whether alprazolam is pharmacologically cross-tolerant with other benzodiazepines.
 ...
PMID:A review of alprazolam withdrawal. 353 83

A woman with a prolonged unipolar delusional depressive episode, unresponsive to antidepressant treatment, experienced rapid improvement of depressive and psychotic symptoms following the occurrence of two grand mal seizures.
 ...
PMID:Rapid improvement of delusional depression following drug-induced seizures: case report. 392 Feb 10

Forty-three patients affected with Alzheimer's disease were identified in a kindred of Italian origin, emigrated in part to the U.S.A. and France. Thirteen were known by history, 21 by medical record, and 9 by personal examination, of whom 5 were confirmed histopathologically. The clinical picture was fairly uniform: the first symptom was memory loss beginning around age 40. Psychotic-like symptoms often followed, with rapid evolution into profound dementia, and death around age 50. Akinesia was prominent at a late stage, often with myoclonus. Grand mal seizures sometimes occurred, with occasional interictal spike and wave discharge; repetitive paroxystic periodic discharges were never recorded. A genealogical study, as far as possible free from line bias, has been conducted mainly by analysis of municipal records. 1 435 subjects in 10 generations, linked to affected subjects through ascent/descent or marriage, were listed in a computer file; the corresponding genealogical tree or selected part thereof are generated by computer. Application of Bayesian techniques to demographic data makes possible an estimation of disease probability in subjects for which no clinical data were available: such an estimate was confirmed by the later discovery of a living patient in descent of a subject with 0.7 estimated disease probability. No patient was found in descent from an inbred union known as such. Patients are the only transmitters. The sex ratio is not significantly different from 1. There is no detectable maternal effect. The segregation ratio, as calculated from extensively known sibships, lies in the range 0.65 to 0.89; the lower value itself is significatively higher than the 0.5 value expected in an autosomal dominant monogenic Mendelian transmission. An environment factor is ruled out by the diversity of locations and circumstances in kindred members. Such a kindred may represent an useful model for fundamental studies in Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.
 ...
PMID:[Alzheimer's presenile dementia transmitted in an extended kindred]. 400 7

According to pharmacological data as well as to clinical experience a potential of benzodiazepines for producing dependence is not a matter of doubt. However, when compared to the dependence liability of barbiturates the corresponding effect of benzodiazepines is low. In evaluating the dependence potential of benzediazepines account must be taken of the rareness of psychotropic effects of these substances and of the absence of usual mechanisms of tolerance, as well as the epidemiology of psychosomatic syndromes and their treatment outcome. The paper summarizes different types of clinical approaches to evaluating the abuse and dependence liability. In relation to the high incidence of prescriptions for benzodiazepines, the incidence of dependence syndromes is low, but with a wide range of degrees and patterns of such syndromes. Mostly autonomic and psychic symptoms, occasionally grand mal seizures and sensory disturbances and very rarely psychotic symptoms have been described. While the time course differs there is, in comparison to barbiturates, a shift in onset and duration of symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Dependence liability of the benzodiazepines. 614 97

Physicians and pharmacists should be alerted to the potential adverse effects of phenylpropanolamine-containing products, which may include exaggerated hypertensive effects, arrhythmias (premature ventricular and atrial contractions together with paroxysmal ventricular or atrial tachycardia), psychotic reactions, and neurologic effects (grand mal seizures and intracerebral hemorrhage). A case of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia in a woman, after the ingestion of diet pills containing phenylpropanolamine and caffeine is reported.
 ...
PMID:Cardiac arrhythmias after phenylpropanolamine ingestion. 662 26


1 2 3 Next >>