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Query: UMLS:C0476273 (respiratory distress)
 19,632 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report two cases of brain tissue heterotopia in the nasopharynx, without other malformations and, in one of the cases, with a persistent craniopharyngeal canal opening onto the heterotopia. This exceptional malformation is very similar to brain heterotopia in the nose, or "nasal glioma", which is more frequent and less diversified at histology. The malformation is revealed by obstruction of the pharynx with respiratory distress immediately after birth or during the first weeks of life. Total surgical excision provides cure without sequelae. The diagnosis is based on histology. MRI is essential to the diagnostic and pretherapeutic evaluation, notably to avoid missing an ectopic hypophysis, but it is insufficient to diagnose a sphenoidal meningoencephalocele.
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PMID:Brain tissue heterotopia in the nasopharynx. Contribution of MRI to assessment of extension. 156 32

We report here a specific case of metastatic brain tumor orienting from rhabdomyosarcoma. An 11-year-old boy came to our hospital with complaints including headache, exophthalmos and tumors in the right frontal and left occipital region. 6 months previously subtotal removal of rhabdomyosarcoma in his right foot had been performed. CT scan demonstrated tumors in the right orbit, right frontal region and left occipital region. The tumors existed bilaterally in the skull and markedly enhanced by contrast medium. But the changes of the cranium were mild, only the dipole was slightly dilated. MRI showed that the tumors were extraaxial masses. Right external carotid angiogram revealed numerous tumor vessels fed by the meningeal artery. On April 3rd, biopsy was performed at the right frontal region. The tumor had spread in the epidural space but the cortical surface seemed to be intact. Histologically, the tumor consisted of small round cells and revealed multinuclear giant cells. It involved the skull bone, dura mater and subdural tissues. Accordingly the tumor was diagnosed as rhabdomyosarcoma. Although tumor increased rapidly, the intracranial region did not change remarkably. It was an interesting phenomenon. Eventually, rhabdomyosarcoma metastasized to the lung, and the patient died due to respiratory distress.
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PMID:[A case of brain metastasis of rhabdomyosarcoma in a child]. 189 Oct 55

Pediatric airway obstruction due to anomalies of the course of the innominate artery may produce respiratory distress. MR imaging of the trachea was performed after bronchoscopy on forty-one children with congenital tracheal stenosis. Bronchoscopy only allows the evaluation of the lumen of the trachea, and the degree and location of collapse, and it may be difficult to determine the etiology of the tracheal narrowing. In eighteen out of the forty-one patients MR imaging showed a compression of the trachea by the innominate artery. The MR imaging diagnoses were subsequently compared for accuracy with the diagnoses determined by direct surgical observations. MR imaging of the trachea, the surrounding tissue and vessels allows the evaluation of the cause of tracheal compression and the degree and location of collapse. For evaluation of the cause of airway obstruction. MRI is an ideal method depicting detailed anatomic structure without employing ionizing radiation or intravenous contrast medium.
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PMID:MRI in tracheal stenosis by innominate artery in children. 202 31

A case of successfully treated chronic traumatic thoracic aneurysm is reported. A 43-year-old man was admitted suffering from severe respiratory distress. He had a history of a blunt chest trauma in a traffic accident twenty-three years ago. A plain chest film, bronchofiberscopy, chest CT, MRI and angiography revealed a calcified aneurysm with compression of left main bronchus at the isthmus. He was successfully treated by replacement with woven Dacron graft under partial left heart bypass by means of a centrifugal pump. His postoperative course was uneventful. The literature states operative cases demonstrate a significantly higher survival rate compared to the nonoperative cases. Surgical treatment should be strongly considered for potential aortic rupture.
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PMID:[A case of a chronic traumatic thoracic aneurysm with compression of left main bronchus at the isthmus]. 229 57

A case of neonatal respiratory distress due to an oropharyngeal hairy polyp is reported with its MRI assessment. The place of hairy polyps in the differential diagnosis of upper respiratory tract obstruction is discussed. Early and rapid diagnosis and treatment may be lifesaving for the newborn.
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PMID:A pharyngeal hairy polyp causing neonatal airway obstruction: a case study. 237

A 58-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of tetraparesis of fairly sudden onset. He had had difficulty in miction since 6 months earlier. MRI study showed a high intensity area in front of the medulla and a low intensity "vessel-like" shadow in front of the upper cervical region on T1-weighted image. The dorsal part of the medulla and cervical spinal cord showed diffuse low intensity signals in T1-weighted image. The intra-axial lesion appeared as high intensity signals in T2-weighted image. Angiography revealed a huge dilated vascular malformation fed by a third part of the right vertebral artery. The lesion in front of the medulla was not opacified. His neurological status progressively deteriorated, resulting in combined respiratory distress. Emergency surgery was performed only for posterior decompression. Although postoperative balloon catheterization was scheduled, he died of gastric perforation and pancreas necrosis one month after the operation. At the autopsy, it was found that the feeding artery of the AVM was branched from the junction of V3 and V4 of the right vertebral artery, where the artery penetrates the dura mater. The meningeal artery was engorged, and the radicular vein of C1 was markedly dilated due to the retrograde filling. The premedullary vessel was thrombosed, but the cervical part of the AVM showed eccentric hypertrophy of the wall and a partially organized thrombus. Intra-axially, the posterior funiculus was markedly destroyed and the spinal cord was edematous and subnecrotic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Partially thrombosed radiculomeningeal arterio-venous fistula in spinomedullary junction]. 271 Feb 87

A case of a young infant with Chiari II malformation treated by only foramen magnum decompression was reported. The patient was a 3-month-old infant with a one-month history of stridor and respiratory distress. The myelomeningocele was surgically repaired. At the age of two weeks, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt had been inserted. On admission, MRI demonstrated Chiari II malformation. The shunt mechanism was functioning. Suboccipital craniectomy and upper cervical laminectomy from C1 to C5 level was performed. After the removal of the dural band at the foramen magnum level, good pulsation of the dura mater was demonstrated. After surgery, the stridor and respiratory distress disappeared. Foramen magnum decompression carried out by our surgical technique is advantageous because all the procedures are extradural and there are, therefore, fewer postoperative complications than the foramen magnum decompression techniques previously reported.
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PMID:[A case of a young infant with Chiari II malformation treated by only bony foramen magnum decompression]. 775 24

The authors report a case history of a male newborn at term, presenting with an accessory diaphragm in the right hemithorax, and an associated lung hypoplasia, revealed by a transient respiratory distress. The review of 31 cases published in the literature confirm the rare occurrence of this malformation. The diagnostic difficulties are discussed. The advantages of both MRI and CT scanning are compared. Pulmonary, vascular, or diaphragmatic abnormalities were due either to the isolated diagnosis or to its possible associated malformations. Operative management is often considered in view of the progressive respiratory complications. Excision of the accessory diaphragm does not necessarily solve the problem of a coexisting lung hypoplasia.
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PMID:Accessory diaphragm--review of 31 cases in the literature. 775 36

Respiratory distress in the neonate may be due to extrinsic tracheobronchial compression. We recently observed a neonate with left mainstem bronchus obstruction resulting in respiratory distress and mediastinal shift. Initial management required intubation and positive pressure ventilation. Bronchoscopic evaluation demonstrated compression of the proximal left main bronchus. The distal bronchus appeared normal. Bronchography, echocardiography and an MRI of the chest confirmed proximal compression of the bronchus and suggested that the cause was an aneurysmal left pulmonary artery and patent ductus arteriosus. With medical therapy there was resolution of the bronchial compression. Re-evaluation by bronchoscopy and echocardiography revealed a normal left main stem bronchus, a normal left pulmonary artery and a closed ductus arteriosus. This clinical scenario suggests that transient pulmonary hypertension may result in significant airway compression due to the proximity of the left main stem bronchus to the left pulmonary artery.
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PMID:Airway compromise secondary to vascular compression in a neonate. 815 18

Neonatal brain tumor is rare, but is so important a disease when considering the pathogenesis of the brain tumor that numerous review articles have been described. Today, the availability of noninvasive imaging procedures such as CT and MRI make it easy to diagnose, and some successful operative cases have been reported. We report three cases of neonatal brain tumors presented clinically within the first 2 weeks. Case 1: A full term boy admitted with projectile vomiting, enlarged head and left peripheral type facial palsy at the age of 12 days. CT scan revealed a large heterogeneous mixed-density mass in the left cerebellar hemisphere. Partially removed surgical specimen consisted of primitive glial cells differentiating with the ependymal cell immunohistochemically and electron microscopically, and diagnosed as ependymoblastoma. He had whole brain irradiation postoperatively, but died from respiratory distress 7 months later without tumor regrowth indicated on CT. Case 2: A full term boy admitted with progressive enlarging of the head at the age of 10 days. CT scan revealed a high-density mass in the cerebellar vermis and an obstructive hydrocephalus. Partially removed surgical specimen, diagnosed as medulloblastoma. He was irradiated throughout the whole brain and spinal cord, but died from intracranial dissemination 5 months later. Case 3: A 32-year-old female multipara was diagnosed as hydramnion during 28 weeks gestation. The concentration of AFP was very high in the amniotic fluid. A premature female fetus, weighing 1,650 g, was delivered by cesarean section for premature separation of the placenta during an estimated 30 weeks gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Neonatal brain tumor, a report of three cases]. 816 55


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