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Query: UMLS:C0476273 (respiratory distress)
 19,632 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some renal parameters have been studied in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). During the first 24 h, the serum creatinine level of the severe cases of RDS are significantly increased, decreasing gradually with improvement of the RDS and reaching normal values within 10 days. Blood urea nitrogen remained unchanged. In the milder cases of RDS, the serum creatinine also showed a slighter increase, which became normal within 4 days after birth. During the acute phase of RDS, there is a reversible impairment in the renal function, which correlates with the degree of hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis determined by the primary disease.
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PMID:Alterations in creatinine clearance during respiratory distress syndrome. 3 62

Therapeutic use of helium-oxygen mixture in continuous positive airway pressure (He-CPAP) was employed for early weaning from mechanical ventilation of 11 infants who underwent cardiac surgery from August, 1974, to April, 1975. With the use of He-CPAP, a 20 to 30 mm. Hg elevation of PaO2 was usually observed and respiratory distress was reduced, as compared to results obtained with nitrogen-oxygen CPAP. In all cases, He-CPAP resulted in the possibility of relatively early removal of the endotracheal tube. Therefore, He-CPAP is recommendable for intermediate respiratory support between mechanical ventilation and nitrogen-oxygen CPAP.
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PMID:Therapeutic use of helium-oxygen mixture in continuous positive airway pressure for early weaning from mechanical ventilation after cardiovascular surgery in infants. 77 98

Exposure of deer mouse colonies to oxygen tensions of 0.8, 1.0 and 1.5 ATA are accompanied by reductions in wheel-running activity. The magnitude of the reductions was correlated with the partial pressure of oxygen and duration of exposure. Efforts to minimize the toxic effects of high-pressure oxygen by simultaneous exposure to a high nitrogen tension were not effective. Earlier studies (8) showed that exposure to 13.8 atm nitrogen under normoxic conditions reduced running activity by 10%. When this same nitrogen tension was provided in each of the elevated oxygen environments, wheel-running activity deteriorated in a manner comparable to that observed in the absence of added nitrogen. Visual observations of social behavior and respiratory distress suggest that a nitrogen tension of 13.8 atm does not provide protection against oxygen toxicity.
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PMID:Effects of high O2 and N2-O2 pressures on the physical performance of deer mice: preliminary studies. 86 Sep 78

We assessed pulmonary function in 14 mechanically ventilated newborn very low birth weight infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome by means of a face-out, volume displacement body plethysmograph and nitrogen washout analyses. Specially designed computer programs were used for calculations of lung volumes, ventilation, gas mixing efficiency, and mechanical parameters. In addition to very low compliance and moderately elevated resistance of the respiratory system, there were considerably impaired gas mixing efficiency and low functional residual capacity (FRC). No correlations between positive end-expiratory pressure and mean airway pressure versus compliance, resistance, or FRC could be found. Neither could correlations be found between FRC and compliance or FRC and the calculated right to left shunt.
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PMID:Lung volume, gas mixing, and mechanics of breathing in mechanically ventilated very low birth weight infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. 175 8

1. Sheep rumens were insufflated with nitrogen to 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm water pressure and sustained at each pressure for 10 min. 2. Measurements included rumen motility, reticulorumen myoelectric activity, eructation frequency and volume, changes in tracheal pressure and rumen contraction amplitude. 3. As intra-rumen pressure increased, contractions designated as special secondary contractions appeared. 4. At a pressure of approximately 15 cm water, most of the special secondary contractions became regular secondaries; therefore, the special secondaries were called pro-secondary contractions. 5. Increased intra-rumen pressure was associated with respiratory distress. The recovery phase following, rumen insufflation was accompanied by hyperpnea.
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PMID:Elevated intra-rumen pressure and secondary rumen contractions in sheep (Ovis aries). 290 20

Three pregnancies are reported in two patients on home parenteral nutrition for intestinal failure. The nutritional regimen, 2300 kcal (9.63 MJ) (18% as lipid emulsion), 14 g amino acid nitrogen and electrolytes supplied daily in a 'big bag', was based on the measured resting energy expenditure and urinary nitrogen excretion during the third trimester in a 30-year-old woman on home parenteral nutrition. Commercial preparations of trace elements were added to the infusion as dictated by serum levels. Iron, iodine and fluoride were given orally, and vitamin B12 by monthly intramuscular injection. There were no serious deficiencies in trace elements and maternal weight-gain and fetal growth were satisfactory in all three pregnancies. The two pregnancies in one patient went to term and both infants had birthweights at the 50th centile for gestational age. The second patient who had had two spontaneous abortions went into premature labour at 30 weeks and gave birth to a baby with a minor facial deformity who subsequently developed the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. All three placentas were histologically normal. The growth and development of all three babies has been satisfactory. This nutritional regimen should be adequate for most pregnant patients who have attained a normal nutritional status on parenteral nutrition.
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PMID:Nutritional management of pregnancy in patients on home parenteral nutrition. 310 34

The effect of enteral feeding on O2-consumption (VO2) and CO2-production (VCO2) was studied in 9 ventilator-dependent patients, who were in a stable condition without signs of hypermetabolism. Resting energy expenditure (REE) in postabsorptive state was assessed and enteral feeding was started by continuous drip (480 kcal carbohydrate, 360 kcal vegetable fat and 160 kcal milkprotein: 6.4 g Nitrogen/1000 ml). Patients were given a moderate and a high caloric intake: 1.5 and 2.0 times REE. VO2 and VCO2 were measured for a 24 h period, beginning 7 h after the start of the dietary intake. Significant greater increases in VO2, VCO2 and RQ were found during high caloric intake compared with the moderate caloric intake. VO2, VCO2 and arterial blood-gases were measured in 4 patients during weaning from the ventilator. The increase in VCO2 induced by the high caloric feeding resulted in a rise in arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) and respiratory distress. High caloric enteral nutrition can cause a significant increase in VCO2 inducing respiratory distress during weaning from the ventilator in patients with limited pulmonary reserves. Moderate caloric nutrition will be preferable to these patients in order to facilitate the weaning.
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PMID:Metabolic and respiratory effects of enteral nutrition in patients during mechanical ventilation. 313 90

In patients with portal hypertension and tense ascites, large-volume paracentesis improves patient comfort and may improve systemic hemodynamics. However, it has been avoided in nonedematous patients because of concern for complications, including intravascular volume depletion. In this study, 12 nonedematous patients with chronic liver disease, portal hypertension and tense ascites underwent 14 large-volume (5-liter) paracenteses for the relief of discomfort and/or respiratory distress. Plasma volume was measured directly by a dilution method with 125I-labeled human serum albumin prior to and at 24 or 48 hr after 13 of the paracenteses. All patients felt better postparacentesis. No dizziness, hypotension, tachycardia, encephalopathy or change in mean serum sodium, creatinine or blood urea nitrogen occurred. Two patients experienced a decrease in hematocrit, which was not explained by blood loss or increase in plasma volume. Mean plasma volume was 3,713 +/- 129 ml (55.1 +/- 1.5 ml per kg ideal body weight) preparacentesis and 3,684 +/- 136 ml postparacentesis, the difference being -0.78% (p = 0.48, NS). Our results suggest that 5-liter paracentesis in nonedematous patients with tense portal hypertension-related ascites improves patient comfort and is not associated with a decrease in measured plasma volume.
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PMID:Large-volume paracentesis in nonedematous patients with tense ascites: its effect on intravascular volume. 335

Amniotic fluid urea nitrogen levels can be used to predict the neonate not at risk for the development of respiratory distress syndrome. A prospective study of 110 pregnancies compared amniotic fluid urea nitrogen concentrations with the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and presence of phosphatidylglycerol. After determination of gestational age, amniotic fluid was analyzed for urea nitrogen concentration and an aliquot was sent to the hospital's commercial laboratory for lecithin/sphingomyelin and phosphatidylglycerol measurement. An amniotic fluid urea nitrogen level less than 7.4 mg/dl predicted the presence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in 12 of 13 patients independent of gestational age and birth weight. This assay can be performed at the bedside with simple equipment in 70 seconds at approximately one-fortieth the cost of present standard lung maturity studies.
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PMID:Amniotic fluid urea nitrogen in the prediction of respiratory distress syndrome. 340 6

F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 1, 3, or 6 ppm methyl isocyanate by inhalation for 6 hr on 4 consecutive days. Deaths of rats were observed following 3 ppm exposures, and mice died after exposures to 6 ppm. Deaths appeared to be related to severe respiratory distress. Survivors in high dose groups lost weight initially, then gained weight at rates equal to controls throughout a 91-day recovery period. Lung weights increased significantly in male and female rats exposed to 3 ppm, but no persistent changes in brain, kidney, thymus, spleen, liver, or testis weights were seen in either mice or rats. Blood and serum from male and female rats were taken for clinical pathology and hematology assessments on day 7 of postexposure, the day prior to the first observed deaths of these animals. No changes or only slight changes were seen in measures of serum alanine aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, or in blood and brain cholinesterase activities. However, serum creatine kinase increased with dose in both males and females. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and methemoglobin were unchanged. No changes were seen in counts of red blood cells or platelets, or in red cell indices. Hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrits were slightly elevated. No changes were noted in absolute leukocyte counts, but counts of segmented neutrophils increased and lymphocytes decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The toxicity of inhaled methyl isocyanate in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. II. Repeated exposure and recovery studies. 362 27


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