Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476273 (respiratory distress)
 19,632 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A scoring system was developed to predict the need for transferring infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) from community hospitals to specialized respiratory care centers. Five clinical and laboratory determinations (birthweight, clinical RDS score, FI02, PCO2 and pH) recorded from 100 infants with RDS during one year were utilized in a score with values ranging from 0 to 10. Application of the score to 159 infants with RDS during the following year showed that: (1) 73 per cent of infants scoring less than or equal to 3 received only oxygen by hood; (2) 75 per cent of infants scoring 4--5 required continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP); and (3) 87 per cent of infants scoring greater than or equal to 6 needed mechanical ventilation (7V). Mean scores were significantly different (p less than 0.02) for each type of respiratory therapy employed: oxygen by hood (2.30 +/- 0.19 S.E.M.); CPAP (4.27 +/- 0.16 S.E.M.); MV (6.72 +/- 0.25 S.E.M.). The accuracy and simplicity of the score make it valuable for the physician in the community hospital to assist in deciding when to transfer a neonate with RDS for more intensive respiratory therapy.
Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1979 Dec
PMID:A clinical score for predicting the level of respiratory care in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. 4 62

Off-responses to repetitive photic stimulation may be of various shapes. In particular, very young children with respiratory distress showed a typical off-response. This reaction is rather peculiar; it consists of a triphasic, very sharp wave followed by a depolarization of longer duration. The latency is about 200 msec. This off-response seems to be the reaction of an immature brain.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1979 May
PMID:Off-response: its clinical incidence in very young children. 8 48

The respiratory distress syndrome is believed to be due to insufficient surfactant. It is known that there is a greater incidence of the respiratory distress syndrome among infants delivered by cesarean section before labor than among those delivered after labor at the same gestational age. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of labor on the production of pulmonary surfactant. We measured the phospholipid content of lung lavage in newborn rabbits delivered by cesarean section before labor at 29, 30, and 31 (full-term) days gestation and after oxytocin-induced labor at 31 days. We also measured the activities of pulmonary cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase and choline-phosphotransferase, enzymes involved in the de novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, the major component of surfactant. There was a two- to fourfold increase in the amount of lung lavage phospholipid during the first 6 h after birth. This was not dependent upon gestational age at delivery. There was a further two- to fourfold increase in the next 18 h which was, however, dependent upon gestational age. Labor increased the amount of lavage phospholipid from rabbits delivered at full term by 132%, 177%, and 50% at 3, 6, and 24 h after birth, respectively. There was a postnatal increase in the activity of cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase. This was almost linear with time during the first 12 h, by which time essentially adult values were attained. Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase was not affected by labor. There was also a postnatal increase in the activity of cholinephosphotransferase but this was stimulated 86%, 59%, and 21% by labor at 0, 1, and 24 h after birth, respectively. These studies suggest that labor stimulates both the synthesis and secretion of surfactant in the immediate postnatal period and thus may be an important factor in the prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn.
J Clin Invest 1977 Sep
PMID:Stimulation of surfactant production by oxytocin-induced labor in the rabbit. 19 22

The role of caffeine and other methylxanthines in prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, and the respiratory distress syndrome is currently under investigation. Their pharmacokinetics are discussed together with their newly discovered beneficial role as possible inhibitors of premature labor and accelerators of fetal lung maturation.
Clin Perinatol 1979 Mar
PMID:Effects of methylxanthines on the fetus. 22 87

Pyothorax is a serious disease process which requires both medical and surgical intervention. Late recognition, management problems, and likely recurrence make successful treatment difficult and often frustrating. Aims of therapy should be to avoid undue stress to the patient, to relieve respiratory distress by thoracocentesis, to eliminate infectious agents with antimicrobials, to remove pleural exudate, and to provide supportive care. Close monitoring of the patient is necessary to prevent iatrogenic complications such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, hypothermia, or hypoproteinemia. Exploratory thoracotomy for removal of granulomatous material and fibroelastic pleural "peels" is occasionally necessary to resolve compressive cardiopulmonary lesions.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1979 May
PMID:Management of pyothorax. 31 57

The newborn infant, particularly when premature, has a haemostatic mechanism which may not be entirely capable of withstanding the onslaughts of trauma, infection, asphyxia or other complications of the neonatal period. He is at risk of local or diffuse haemorrhage, which may at times be serious or even life-threatening. The cause of haemorrhage during the newborn period can generally be ascertained by a careful history and brief physical examination directed toward recognition of any predisposing factors or underlying diseases. Screening laboratory tests can usually be correctly interpreted as long as certain laboratory artifacts and physiological peculiarities of the neonatal coagulation mechanism are kept in mind. Diagnosis of and therapy for vitamin K deficiency and haemophilia in the healthy-appearing neonate is generally carried out with little difficulty. The seriously ill neonate with bacterial sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, or extreme immaturity presents greater problems, for laboratory tests may be more difficult to obtain and interpret and underlying conditions may be untreatable. DIC occurs commonly in such neonates, and transfusion therapy, with or without heparin, is often unsuccessful. A persistent dilemma are those neonates with fatal intravascular haemorrhage, in whom definable haemostatic abnormalities are few and transfusion therapy is futile.
Clin Haematol 1978 Feb
PMID:Neonatal coagulation: normal physiology and pathophysiology. 35 Apr 67

A prospective 2 1/2 year study of 50 infants with combined respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was undertaken to determine whether echocardiographic measurements combined with clinical assessment could be used to select those infants who needed cardiac treatment. From a pilot study, criteria were adopted to use digoxin in the treatment of infants with evidence of congestive cardiac failure and/or a left atrial dimension 1.5 times normal size, and to ligate the PDA in those with unremitting congestive cardiac failure and a left atrial dimension persistently twice normal. Left atrial, left ventricular, and aortic dimensions, left atrial to aortic ratio, and mean Vcf were echocardiographically determined. Forty-six per cent of the 50 infants with PDA required digoxin administration, and 18 per cent of the total group was operated. The long-term mortality for the total group was 12 per cent (6 of 50) and mortality was 33 per cent (3 of 9) for the operated group. Results showed that absolute left atrial dimension, particularly if recorded in two dimensions, most accurately predicted those infants who would develop congestive cardiac failure or failure that would become medically unmanageable.
J Clin Ultrasound 1977 Jun
PMID:Echocardiographic detection and management of patent ductus arteriosus in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: a two-and one-half year prospective study. 40 82

We describe a one-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic method for separating lecithin, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylglycerol, and other phospholipids. The occurrence of phosphatidylglycerol in relation to the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio is reported for 261 amniotic fluid samples. This compound does not consistently appear until the ratio exceeds about 3.1, and occurs less often in samples from diabetic patients than in those from normal patients. The respiratory distress syndrome did not occur when phosphatidylglycerol was present in amniotic fluid although the reverse was not necessarily true. Thus the presence of phosphatidylglycerol offers additional assurance of pulmonary maturity.
Clin Chem 1979 May
PMID:Phosphatidylglycerol in 261 samples of amniotic fluid from normal and diabetic pregnancies, as measured by one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. 43 34

We recently utilized continuous infusion intravenous isoproterenol in the treatment of respiratory failure in an 18-yr-old steroid-dependent asthmatic female. Aminophylline, hydrocortisone, aerosolized isoetharine, and oxygen were also administrered. The patient responded to this therapy, with PaCO2 falling from 70 torr to 33 torr in 18 hr. The maximum isoproterenol dosage administered was 0.32 microgram/kg/min. Thirty-six hours following the institution of therapy, while the isoproterenol was being tapered, the patient experienced an increase in respiratory distress followed by cardiac arrest. Postmortem examination revealed multiple small areas of myocardial necrosis. These findings, unusual in asthma, probably were related to the effects of isoproterenol or the combination of isoproterenol and aminophylline on the stressed myocardium. The vulnerability of the hypoxic myocardium to the effects of isoproterenol suggests that careful cardiac monitoring is essential in the management of patients receiving this medication for treatment of respiratory failure secondary to severe asthma.
J Allergy Clin Immunol 1979 Jun
PMID:Fatal myocardial toxicity during continuous infusion intravenous isoproterenol therapy of asthma. 44 42

The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of the white cell ratio of immature neutrophils (PMNs) to total (immature plus mature) PMNs as an indication of infection in the very small premature infant. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 59 premature infants less than or equal to 1,250 g admitted to our Newborn Intensive Care Unit over a one-year period who had at least one white count determined. Twenty-three were born after rupture of membranes for greater than or equal to 24 hours (PROM), 47 had a one-minute Apgar score less than or equal to 6 and 31 had a five-minute Apgar scores less than or equal to 6, 38 had respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and 4 had confirmed infection. Thirty-one of the infants had a ratio greater than or equal to .15 in the first day of life, a value which has been suggested in the literature as being abnormal and an indication to suspect sepsis. This ratio bore no statistical relationship to PROM, low Apgar scores, or RDS. We analyzed these same relationships using a ratio greater than or equal to .25, another ratio derived from data in the literature which has been said to suggest infection. No statistical correlation was found for low Apgars or RDS, but there was a significant relationship between PROM and attainment of a ratio greater than or equal to .25 (p less than .005). It is notable that 2 out of the 4 infants with infection had a ratio less than .15. We wish to cast doubt on the applicability of the currently defined WBC ratios in the literature as they apply to the infant with birth weight less than 1,250 g and emphasize the apparent effect of PROM as a factor upon these ratios.
Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1979 Aug
PMID:The white cell ratio in the very low birth weight infant. 45 79


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