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Query: UMLS:C0476273 (respiratory distress)
 19,632 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prolactin was measured in umbilical cord serum obtained from 77 newborn infants of gestational age 28 to 40 weeks. A positive correlation with gestational age was demonstrated. Between 30 and 36 weeks of gestation the elevation of the regression line of the concentration of cord PRL versus gestation age was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) for those infants who developed respiratory distress syndrome compared to the regression line for infants who did not develop RDS. Between 32 and 33.5 weeks, the mean +/- SEM cord PRL concentration in infants who developed RDS (101.7 +/- 9.5 ng/ml) was significantly less (P less than 0.025) than the PRL concentration in those who did not develop RDS (161.8 +/- 18.9 ng/ml). Cord PRL did not correlate with cord cortisol or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations. Cord growth hormone concentrations did not show any relationship to the occurrence of RDS. Serum PRL was not suppressed in a further 114 infants whose mothers were treated prenatally with betamethasone. These findings raise the possibility of a role of PRL in fetal lung maturation.
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PMID:Prolactin in umbilical cord blood and the respiratory distress syndrome. 15 7

Sixty samples of amniotic fluid were analyzed for their surfactant level by measuring the lecithin-spingomyelin ratio and performing the "shake" test. Cytologic examination of the sediment was also performed using Nile blue sulfate staining. The lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio was found to be the best method to predict fetal maturity and assess the probability of subsequent respiratory distress syndrome. The "shake" test proved to be a valuable screening tool in assessment of fetal pulmonary maturity when the fetus is mature, but of little value when the fetus is immature. The estimation fetal fat cells seemed to be of lesser value in predicting fetal maturity.
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PMID:Amniotic fluid analysis in assessment of fetal maturity. 57 57

Recent reports have indicated an association between low cord prolactin (PRL) and the occurrence of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants, and it is reported that PRL administration increases the lecithin content of fetal rabbit lung. We administered 1 mg ovine PRL to 32 rabbit fetuses on day 24 of gestation and evaluated lung phospholipid synthesis and content on day 26. Compared with diluent-injected littermates, PRL had no effect on the rate of choline incorporation into lecithin, tissue content of phospholipid and disaturated lecithin, or plasma corticoids. However, both choline incorporation and corticoids were increased in all animals undergoing surgery compared with unoperated controls. We also infused PRL (1 mg/day, i.v.) into three fetal sheep continuously over five periods of 5-8 days. Although supraphysiologic concentrations of PRL were achieved in plasma and amniotic fluid, there was no effect of this treatment on the flux of tracheal fluid surfactant or on plasma concentrations of corticoids of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Thus, in this study, we failed to detect either a stimulation of the surfactant system or an adreno-corticotropic effect by PRL as previously postulated. This suggests that the relationship between PRL and respiratory distress sundrome is an indirect association.
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PMID:Failure to detect an effect of prolactin on pulmonary surfactant and adrenal steroids in fetal sheep and rabbits. 58 Dec 89

Three allergic dogs were trained to swallow an esophageal balloon, breathe through a tracheostomy tube, and stand quietly in a wooden stall. The mechanical properties of their lungs were measured reproducibly over many months. Average values were: pulmonary resistance 1.33 cmH2O/l per s, static lung compliance 104 ml/cmH2O, and functional residual capacity 982 ml. In two dogs inhalation of histamine aerosol caused a 374% increase in resistance; inhalation of Ascaris suum aerosol caused a 307% increase in resistance. The increased resistance was associated with mild-to-moderate respiratory distress and slightly increased functional residual capacity. Aerosols of isoproterenol or atropine sulfate inhibited the increased resistance. We conclude that the conscious allergic dog is a suitable subject for the long-term study of asthma. Our present results are consistent with our earlier findings in anesthetized dogs, that a vagal reflex is involved in acute bronchomotor responses to inhalation of histamine as well as specific antigen.
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PMID:Mechanical properties of the lungs and experimental asthma in conscious allergic dogs. 111 Feb 49

The benefit of beta-adrenergic agonists in the treatment of acutely wheezing infants and young children has not been well documented in the outpatient setting. To determine the efficacy of nebulized metaproterenol sulfate, 74 children aged 36 months or younger with acute wheezing participated in a double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Children received nebulized metaproterenol, either as an initial treatment or after a control treatment with normal saline solution. At baseline and 20 minutes after each treatment, an assessment was made that included measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and clinical variables related to respiratory compromise with the use of a standardized respiratory distress index (RDI). Children who received saline solution as initial therapy had no significant differences from baseline in any of the assessment measures. After metaproterenol therapy, children demonstrated an increase in heart rate ([mean +/- SD] 147 +/- 14 beats per minute vs 153 +/- 16 beats per minute), a decrease in respirations (50/min +/- 5/min vs 45/min +/- 7/min), improvement (lower scores) on the RDI (24 +/- 4 vs 15 +/- 2), and an increase in oxygen saturation (94.1% +/- 2.7% vs 95.3% +/- 3.0%). Patients aged 12 months or younger (n = 37) benefited from metaproterenol treatment (improvement in respiratory rate and RDI) but not to the same degree as children aged 24 months or older (n = 23) (improvement in respiratory rate, RDI, and oxygen saturation). Compared with assessments made before metaproterenol treatment, patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection (n = 21) had improvement in respirations (52/min +/- 7/min vs 45/min +/- 6/min) and RDI scores (22 +/- 4 vs 14 +/- 3). Based on a priori criteria (reduction in a premedication respiratory rate of 20% and an RDI score of 50%), responders to metaproterenol therapy included 45% of the entire sample and, respectively, 40% of those aged 12 months or younger, 52% of those aged 24 months or older, and 48% of patients who tested positive for respiratory syncytial virus. Although there appears to be an age-dependent degree of response, metaproterenol is effective in relieving the respiratory distress of young acutely wheezing children, including those with documented respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.
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PMID:The efficacy of nebulized metaproterenol in wheezing infants and young children. 155 72

LH, a 76-year-old Caucasian male, ingested 3 teaspoons (15 mL) of a homemade wine over a 1-h period and became ill. Approximately 1.5 h later, he was taken to the emergency room of a local hospital with symptoms of respiratory distress and weakness. The plant used in making the wine was Angel's trumpet (Datura suaveolens), which reportedly contains varying amounts of scopolamine and atropine. A sample of the wine was collected and analyzed for these two compounds by reversed-phase HPLC chromatography using 97% methanol-3% deionized water. The filtered wine contained an estimated 29 mg scopolamine/mL, which produced a total ingested dose of 435 mg. No atropine was detected. The scopolamine was confirmed by TLC. An oral dose of 50 mg of atropine sulfate in humans has been reported fatal, but there is no reported fatal dose for scopolamine. The alcohol content and 3.8 pH of the homemade wine may have increased the extraction of this compound from the plant material, and the wine fermentation process may have concentrated the original extract.
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PMID:Scopolamine poisoning from homemade 'moon flower' wine. 194 73

The pregnancy of a woman with Friedreich ataxia was complicated by the onset of preterm labor and preeclampsia. Administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4.7H2O) in the usual intravenous dosage resulted in the dramatic development of profound motor weakness and respiratory distress. Magnesium acts to antagonize the action of acetylcholine at the motor end plate of the neuromuscular junction and may operate synergistically with underlying neuromuscular disorders. Therefore, the use of magnesium sulfate in patients with Friedreich ataxia and other similar neurodegenerative diseases is contraindicated.
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PMID:Pregnancy associated with Friedreich ataxia. 221 70

Thirty-seven patients in premature labor with intact membranes were treated as follows. Ritodrine was given as a primary tocolytic agent and magnesium sulfate was added adjunctively when the uterine contractions could not be controlled even when the administration of ritodrine exceeded 250mmg/min (14 of 37 cases) (combination therapy group). Prolongation of pregnancy for more than 48 hours and delivery beyond 37 weeks were achieved in 89% and 68% respectively. These results were more satisfactory than those obtained with the isoxsuprine treated group (122 cases). The incidence of discomfort due to nasal obstruction was low in the ritodrine group, but side effects such as palpitation and hot flush occurred more commonly in the combination group. No life-threatening side effects were observed throughout this study. Twelve out of 37 cases (32%) were delivered before 37 weeks. Neonatal morbidity was more frequent in this group delivered before 33 weeks of gestation. These included respiratory distress, hypotension, hypoglycemia, and hypocalcemia. Moreover, two babies born from mothers treated with ritodrine and magnesium had ileus-like symptoms. These data suggest that this combination therapy is effective as far as the tocolytic purpose is concerned. However, special attention must be paid to adverse maternal and neonatal effects as well.
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PMID:[Combination therapy of intravenous ritodrine and magnesium sulfate to inhibit premature labor]. 259 21

A female baby was born prematurely to a pre-eclampsic mother at our hospital. The mother had received fifty grams of magnesium sulfate intravenously within the forty-six hours prior to the delivery. This neonate suffered from severe respiratory distress, hypotonia, and hyporeflexia immediately after birth. She recovered completely after receiving low setting ventilatory support for twelve hours and intravenous calcium gluconate supply. All laboratory data were within normal limits except transient metabolic acidosis and elevated serum magnesium level to 2.28 mmol/L of the cord blood. The serum magnesium level dropped to 1.17 mmol/L at 12 hours of age. She tolerated oral feeding within the first day with no obervable neurological sequelae at the follow-up examination. Hypermagnesemia was judged to be the cause of the newborn's clinical presentation.
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PMID:Neonatal hypermagnesemia: report of one case. 263 15

Cottonseed meal (CSM) that contained a high concentration of free gossypol was inadvertently used as a protein supplement, without appropriate iron supplementation, for a swine herd in Illinois. Fifty percent of 300 grower and finishing swine died, and an additional 20% became ill during a 4- to 6-week period. Clinical signs included respiratory distress and abdominal distention. At necropsy, the hearts were diffusely pale, flaccid, and rounded because of dilatation of all 4 chambers, the livers were large and congested, and hydropericardium, hydrothorax, and ascites were evident. Histologic changes consisted of diffuse myocardial fiber atropy with perinuclear vacuolation, and multifocal myocardial and skeletal muscle necrosis. Changes in the liver included marked centrilobular congestion, loss of hepatocytes, and fatty degeneration. Differential diagnoses included monensin, selenium, and gossypol toxicoses, and vitamin E/selenium deficiency. Analyzed feed samples did not contain monensin. Feed selenium concentrations ranged from 428 to 1,513 micrograms/kg, and iron concentrations from 160 to 180 mg/kg. Cottonseed meal (3 to 10%) was detected by feed microscopy. A sample of the 40% protein supplement contained 19% CSM and 1,300 mg of free gossypol/kg, whereas feed samples contained 200 to 400 mg of free gossypol/kg. The history, clinical signs, pathologic findings, and feed analyses were compatible with a diagnosis of gossypol toxicosis. Cottonseed meal, a high-protein supplement used widely in southern United States, may contain gossypol (a polyphenolic binaphthalene pigment), which in its free form is especially toxic to simple-stomached animals. If CSM is used, supplementation with ferrous sulfate is recommended at a 1:1 weight ratio with free gossypol, up to 400 mg of FeSO4/kg.
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PMID:Cottonseed meal (gossypol) toxicosis in a swine herd. 277 8


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