Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476273 (respiratory distress)
 19,632 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A short term definitive test by static renewal bioassay method was conducted to determine the acute toxicity (LC50) of the commercial grade organophosphate insecticide malathion (50% EC) in the freshwater edible fish, Labeo rohita. Carp fingerlings were exposed for 96 h to different concentrations (6.0 to 10.1 microL/L) of malathion. The acute toxicity value was found to be 9.0 microL/L and one tenth of LC50 (0.9 microL/L) was selected for sub acute studies. Behavioral patterns and oxygen consumption were studied in lethal (1, 2, 3, and 4 d) and sublethal concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 15 d). Carp in toxic media exhibited irregular, erratic, and darting swimming movements, hyperexcitability, and loss of equilibrium and sinking to the bottom, which might be due to the inactivation of acetylcholine esterase activity, resulting in excess accumulation of acetylcholine in cholinergic synapses leading to hyperstimulation. Variation in oxygen consumption (70.39% to 80.50%/4.45% to 21.35%) was observed in both lethal and sublethal concentrations of malathion, respectively. Such alterations in oxygen consumption may be due to respiratory distress because of impairment in oxidative metabolism. Fish at sub lethal concentrations were found under stress, but that was not fatal.
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PMID:Behavioral and respiratory dysfunction in the freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) under malathion intoxication. 1902 33

A short-term definitive test by static renewal bioassay method was conducted to determine the acute toxicity (LC50) of an organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos on the fish, Cyprinus carpio. Carp fingerlings were exposed to different concentrations (0.120 to 0.200 mg/L) of chlorpyrifos for 96 h. The acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos was found to be 0.160 m g/L. One-seventh (1/7th, 0.0224 mg/L) and one-fourteenth (1/14th, 0.0112 mg/L) of the acute toxicity value were selected as sublethal concentrations for subchronic studies. The fish were exposed to both the sublethal concentrations for 1, 7, and 14 days and allowed to recover in toxicant-free medium for 7 days. Behavioral responses and respiratory rate were studied in experimental periods. Fish in toxic media exhibited irregular, erratic, and darting swimming movements, hyperexcitability, and loss of equilibrium and sinking to the bottom. Caudal bending was the chief morphological alterations during the exposure tenures. The behavioral and morphologic changes might be due to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The carp were found under stress but mortality was insignificant at both the sublethal concentrations. Considerable variation in respiratory rates (-71.85 to 119.52%; -75.65 to 17.58%) were observed in the 1/7th and 1/14th of lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos respectively. The alteration in respiratory rate is due to respiratory distress, this may be a consequence of impaired oxidative metabolism and elevated physiological response during chlorpyrifos exposure. The impairments in fish respiratory physiology and behavioral responses even under recovery periods may be due to slow release of sequestered chlorpyrifos from storage tissues.
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PMID:Respiratory performance and behavioral responses of the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) under sublethal chlorpyrifos exposure. 1966 16

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of anaerobically treated distillery effluent and oxidized effluent on freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio. The untreated distillery effluent (Sample A) was treated with up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor (Sample B) and followed by an oxidizer system (Sample C and D) under optimized conditions. The comparative acute toxicity of Sample A and treated effluents (Sample B, C and D) was studied using Cyprinus carpio (common carp) as a model fish for various exposure times (24 to 96 h) after suitable dilutions. The parameters for toxicity determination included assessment of behavioural response of the fish under study and their mortality study, and histopathological analysis. The behavioural response parameters showed prominent changes as erratic swimming activity, increase in opercular movement, jerk and violent reaction, loss of equilibrium, and aggressiveness in fish when exposed to varying concentrations of distillery effluent. The prominent features of death were respiratory distress, paralysis and loss of equilibrium. The mortality study involved calculation of median lethal toxicity (LC50) using static bioassay method. The histopathological analysis of tissues like gills, intestine and kidney of exposed fish showed varied degrees of damage, which increased with increasing the strength of the distillery effluent. Thus, the present study underscores the effectiveness of the two-step process (anaerobic treatment followed by oxidation) for the treatment of distillery effluent in terms of significantly lesser dilution requirements (about 5-fold lesser as compared to the untreated effluent) before discharging the distillery effluent safely to the ecosystem.
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PMID:Comparative toxicological studies of distillery effluent treatments such as UASB reactor followed by an oxidizer unit using Cyprinus carpio fish. 2039 3