Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0476273 (respiratory distress)
 19,632 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We clinically evaluated, retrospectively, our improved fluorescence polarization assay for fetal lung maturity. The procedure requires 0.5 mL of amniotic fluid and a standard clinical laboratory fluorescence polarimeter (TDx Analyzer, Abbott Laboratories). We measured the L/S ratios for 93 freshly collected amniotic fluids, uncontaminated with blood or meconium, collected within three days of delivery. The fluids were stored frozen for eight to 32 months, then thawed and assayed for net fluorescence polarization. Fourteen of the infants developed respiratory distress syndrome; five, transient tachypnea of the newborn; and 74, no respiratory distress. The polarization assay and lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio had equivalent receiver operating characteristic curves, indicating no difference in their clinical performance. Although a prospective study with fresh amniotic fluid specimens will be necessary to establish a definitive reference range, the present study shows that this assay can be used to rapidly predict fetal lung maturity.
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PMID:Improved fluorescence polarization assay for use in evaluating fetal lung maturity. III. Retrospective clinical evaluation and comparison with the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. 394 83

Amniotic fluid was obtained from 35 pregnant women in preterm labor with intact membranes. Their gestational ages ranged from 24 to 34 weeks. Bacteria were detected in only 1 (3%) of the 35 amniotic fluid samples. The anaerobic culture grew Bacteroides corrodens and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The L/S ratio was greater than 4.0 in six patients (17%), 2.5-4.0 in two (6%) and less than 2.5 in 23 (66%); the quantity of fluid was inadequate for L/S analysis in four (11%). None of the 35 newborns developed evidence of infection in the neonatal period. Only two women (6%) were febrile postpartum, and none experienced a prolonged hospital stay. Seven (20%) of the infants developed respiratory distress syndrome. Five (14%) developed hyaline membrane disease, and two (6%) had transient tachypnea of the newborn. Intrauterine infection may play a lesser role in preterm labor with intact membranes than previously postulated. Amniocentesis may provide useful information for directing management by permitting one to assess fetal pulmonary maturity and the presence of meconium.
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PMID:Evaluation of amniotic fluid in preterm labor with intact membranes. 406 50

Although respiratory distress is common among African newborn infants in special care, respiratory distress syndrome, which is the commonest cause of respiratory distress in other races, has been reported as uncommon among African infants. A prospective study of 312 consecutive newborn Nigerian infants admitted to a special care unit revealed 103 (33%) with respiratory distress. In 100 cases studied there was transient tachypnoea of the newborn ( TTN ) in 40% while specific diseases such as pneumonia and septicaemia, severe aspiration syndromes and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) accounted for 25%, 19% and 12%, respectively. TTN and RDS occurred mostly among preterm infants with moderate perinatal asphyxia while severe aspiration syndrome was found among term infants with severe birth asphyxia. The study suggests that prevention and/or improved management of perinatal asphyxia and infections should reduce the incidence and mortality associated with neonatal respiratory distress.
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PMID:Respiratory distress in a special care baby unit in Nigeria. 620 67

The study and successful separation of a pair of omphalopagus twins weighing 1690 g at birth is presented. The test of greatest usefulness was an oral glucose tolerance test that demonstrated an absence of parasitism. Subsequently, it was found that the twins had a joined liver but separate GI and GU tracts. The time for separation was determined by observing the twins' toleration of compression of the bridge. Initially, obliteration of the tunnel-like connection would cause considerable respiratory distress. However, in the month before surgery, the tunnel could be compressed to the point of obliteration without causing tachypnea or other signs of respiratory distress. The change in toleration of compression was related to unequal growth of the twins and their connecting bridge. Though the weight of the twins quintupled in their first 6 mo, the circumference of the bridge remained the same. The surgery was carried out on a single table without frames. The twins were draped using self-adhering plastic. Intravenous fluoroscein was used to demarcate the large liver juncture, thus expediting the separation.
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PMID:Separation of omphalopagus twins. 621 52

The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an extreme form of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema associated with alveolar-capillary damage. Clinical features include acute respiratory distress, dyspnea and tachypnea, severe hypoxemia refractory to oxygen therapy, and diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Any number of serious disorders can cause ARDS, but the processes leading to the alveolar permeability defect are not understood. Therefore, therapy remains nonspecific and supportive. Treatment includes positive end-expiratory pressure, careful fluid management, steroid therapy, and adequate nutrition. Unfortunately, even with the most sophisticated intensive care, the mortality of ARDS is still greater than 50%.
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PMID:The adult respiratory distress syndrome. 634 98

The process of adaptation for extrauterine life can be easily disturbed by respiratory insufficiency. The surfactant deficiency as well as anatomical and physiological immaturity of a newborn can be considered as etiological factors in some diseases, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnoea (TT) syndrome, segmental atelectasis or pneumonia complicated by atelectasis. The widespread used method of treatment is based on mechanical increase of difference between alveolar and atmospheric pressure. So-called constant distending pressure (CDP) increases functional residual capacity (FRC), keeps alveoli open and finally increases oxygenation of arterial blood. During 3 years period continuous positive airway pressure by nasal route (n-CPAP) was used as only one method in 26 newborns. The newborns were treated because of RDS (15 cases) and pneumonia with atelectasis (11 cases). n-CPAP was starting with pressure 8 cm H2O (0.8 kPa) and FIO2 0.5, if atelectasis with severe dyspnea, hypoxia and forced hyperventilation were found. This method was very well tolerated. 22 newborns treated for 2-7 days--survived, 4 small-for-date babies--died. The most common cause of death was septicaemia complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation. The moderate hyperbilirubinemia, oliguria with tissue oedema was observed in many cases. The light nostril decubitus were only complications. No pneumothorax was detected. We found n-CPAP as a simple, safe method in treatment of atelectasis in newborns.
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PMID:[Continuous positive pressure respiration by nasal route (n-CPAP) as a preferred treatment method in various types of acute respiratory insufficiency in newborn infants]. 637 92

Bronchiolitis is an acute viral infection primarily caused by respiratory syncytial virus, affecting children under 2 years of age with a peak prior to six months. The clinical picture results from an inflammatory process of the small bronchi and bronchioles. Infants present with tachypnea and wheezing often accompanied by respiratory distress and hyperinflation. Supportive care is essential, children respond slowly to hydration and careful observation. Respiratory distress requires hospitalization with treatment including oxygen and ventilator support as indicated.
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PMID:Bronchiolitis: a clinical review. 638 70

Echocardiographic dimensions in infants (less than 2 months) with pulmonary hypertension, associated with coarctation of the aorta in 21, total anomalous venous return in 10, and left-to-right shunts in 14 were compared with 10 infants with respiratory distress syndrome, seven with transient tachypnoea of the newborn, 20 normal children, and with each other. Distinguishing features of total anomalous pulmonary venous return were very significantly lower left atrial and left ventricular dimensions. Right ventricular enlargement was maximal in patients with coarctation of the aorta and total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension in coarctation of the aorta was not significantly different from normal but the left ventricular end-systolic dimension was significantly lower, suggesting a hypercontractile left ventricle. Similar findings were observed in patients with left-to-right shunts. M-mode echocardiograms are hence valuable in differentiating conditions which may present with intractable congestive cardiac failure in the newborn and also distinguishing them from common respiratory disease of the neonate.
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PMID:Comparative echocardiographic features of conditions presenting with symptomatic pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in early infancy. 644 8

The clinical value of self-monitoring blood glucose in diabetic pregnancy at home was compared with hospital care in the thirty-second to thirty-sixth week of pregnancy in a prospective randomized study including 100 pregnancies in 97 patients (White's class B, 38; C, 25; D, 28; and F, 9) of which 54 were in the home group and 46 in the hospital group. The duration of pregnancy was not significantly different in two treatment groups, with a median duration of 266.0 days in the home group and 266.5 days in the hospital group. The mean blood glucose values during the study period were 5.9 mmol/L in the home group and 6.0 mmol/L in the hospital group, thus there were no significant group differences. There were no significant group differences in pregnancy complications; however, 10 of 54 (19%) had to interrupt home-monitoring because of pregnancy complications. The perinatal morbidity was not significantly different in the two treatment groups, with the following percentages of complications in the combined series: 4% idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, 7% transient tachypnea, 2% symptomatic hypoglycemia, 16% hyperbilirubinemia, 22% feeding problems, and 10% erythrocytosis.
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PMID:Self-monitoring of blood glucose by diabetic women during the third trimester of pregnancy. 650 7

The relationship between maternal birth weight and future reproductive outcome was studied in a cohort of 748 white women with singleton pregnancies. Maternal birth weight was significantly related to stature, prepregnancy weight, pregnancy weight gain, baby's birth weight, gestational duration, relative intrauterine growth, the baby's need for neonatal intensive care, transient tachypnea of the newborn, and idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. Mothers who weighted 2,000 g or less at birth were at elevated risk for poor pregnancy outcome, although their babies were not smaller than babies of most groups of mothers who weighed more at birth. This suggests that factors interfering with intrauterine growth have an impact on the next generation of babies. In view of the increasing survival of low-birth-weight babies, this possibility bears further investigation.
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PMID:Maternal birth weight and subsequent pregnancy outcome. 662 May 3


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