Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476273 (respiratory distress)
 19,632 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interstitial lung disease was diagnosed in a 52-yr-old male diamond polisher, who worked with polishing disks containing cobalt. After a further 7 months of probably high occupational exposure without any specific treatment, he had to quit work because of dyspnea. Despite treatment with systemic corticosteroids and continuous oxygen administration, he died 3 months later in respiratory distress. Postmortem examination of the lung tissue showed a typical giant-cell interstitial fibrosis, with active inflammatory cell infiltration superimposed on an established centrilobular fibrosis. The lung tissue contained 2.1 micrograms cobalt/g wet weight (more than 100-fold the normal concentration); cobalt particles, mainly localized in macrophages, were identified by transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. We speculate that the rapid deterioration and fatal outcome resulted from the continued exposure to cobalt, leading to a high pulmonary concentration of cobalt, and from the oxygen treatment because cobalt promotes the formation of hydroxyl free radicals.
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PMID:Rapidly fatal progression of cobalt lung in a diamond polisher. 216 Feb 15

Acute laryngo-tracheitis in infants represents a common cause of respiratory distress with stridor accompanied with hospital admission. The prognosis is usually favorable in light of the available medical and environmental management. We performed a retrospective analysis of 1739 case reports from 1974 to 1989 with special attention being paid to infants admitted three times or more for recurrent acute laryngo-tracheitis. An ENT consultation was requested in 406 infants which resulted with an endoscopy being performed. Narrowing of the airway was noted in 75% of cases. Dynamics of fluids explains why a silent lesion becomes symptomatic as soon as an inflammatory process is also present. As there are pathologies which are life-threatening, we advocate routine endoscopy as a precautionary method of investigation, followed by close reassessments, in all cases of recurrent acute laryngo-tracheitis with dyspnea. Preferably, this procedure should be performed between dyspneic episodes.
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PMID:[The value of endoscopy in recurrent acute laryngotracheitis in children. Apropos of 406 cases]. 222 16

Congenital abnormal communications between separated pulmonary tissue and the oesophagus are rarities. Only about 50 cases have been reported in the literature. For all different forms the term of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (BPFM) was first applied by Gerle and his coworkers in 1968. Major symptoms of this condition involved respiratory distress, cough, dyspnea, vomiting and repeated pneumonia. This paper presents reports of two own patients. In both cases was confirmed a bronchopulmonary foregut malformation in the lower right thorax with ectopic main bronchus communicating into the distal oesophagus. According to the literature we describe our own experience and discuss embryologic pathogenesis and surgical consequences for children.
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PMID:[Bronchopulmonary foregut malformations with communication to the esophagus]. 229 61

In cancer patients, respiratory distress may be due to cancer directly, to cancer complications, to cancer treatment complications or unrelated diseases. Based on the identification of the mechanism and cause of the dyspnea, therapy that will be given in a critical care unit, will be both etiological and supportive. It will take into account the prognosis of the underlying neoplastic disease.
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PMID:[Respiratory distress and its treatment in the cancer patient]. 229 90

A 22 year-old man was brought to our hospital about twenty-three minutes following a high-speed motorbicycle accident in which he had blunt chest trauma. He was in severe respiratory distress with marked dyspnea and restless with extensive subcutaneous emphysema involving anterior chest wall, cervical and bilateral inguinal regions. A chest X-ray revealed bilateral pneumothorax involving mediastinal emphysema and also fracture of right submandibular and clavicula. In spite of orotracheal intubation and insertion of bilateral chest tube, continuous air leak and pneumothorax did not improve. Bronchoscopy revealed the disruption of mucosa of the right main bronchus at the bifurcation. Emergency right thoracotomy was performed and there was the complete disruption of the right main bronchus. Anastomosis of the right main bronchus with circumferential resection was undertaken on May 30, 1987 about two hours after trauma. About three months after reconstruction, bronchoscopic examination revealed stomal stenosis with deformation of tracheobronchial cartilage and granulation. The stenosis showed severe irregularity by deformed cartilage and thickened scar, so widening by Nd-YAG laser vaporization was inadequate in effect. Seven months after first reconstruction, we performed re-reconstructive operation, right upper sleeve lobectomy with partial resection of carcina and right wall of trachea for scar with severe deformation of cartilage. Following the operation, the patient suffered from sepsis with pneumonitis accompanied by lung edema. This complication was treated successfully. We considered that acute pneumonitis was caused by reventilation with increase of perfusion after tracheobronchial reconstruction. Consequently, we thought it important to treat such patients with long term IPPB postoperatively with adequate medication for respiratory system.
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PMID:[Successful re-reconstruction for complete disruption of the right main bronchus by blunt chest trauma]. 232 99

Pulmonary infection due to the filariform larvae of Strongloides stercoralis may occur in immunocompromised patients residing in endemic areas of the United States. Such infection usually presents as dyspnea with a cough that sometimes results in bloody sputum. Although the chest roentgenogram often reveals a patchy bilateral alveolar infiltrate, acute respiratory distress is unusual. We report a patient who experienced severe exacerbation of his underlying obstructive lung disease that was associated with chest infiltrates and recovery of S stercoralis from his sputum. Although initial improvement was accomplished with Thiobendazole treatment, a re-exacerbation occurred when antiparasitic therapy was completed. The persistence of his infection is correlated to factors that are commonly employed in the treatment of COPD but may be overlooked as predisposing causes of hyperinfection with S stercoralis.
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PMID:Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to hyperinfection with Strongyloides stercoralis. 234 69

A case is reported of a 78-year-old woman with a history of chronic leukemia and who developed after emergency appendicectomy a fatal respiratory distress syndrome related to pulmonary leukostasis. Clinically, the patient had fever, dyspnea and severe hypoxaemia. Chest x-ray showed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. The patient died from progressive respiratory failure despite ventilatory support. Post mortem lung biopsies were taken for pathologic examination. They showed thrombi composed of leukaemic blast cells which obstructed and distended the lumens of pulmonary arterioles and capillaries. The respiratory distress is attributed to pulmonary leukostasis. Toxic substances released from the leukostatic leukaemic cell or local hypoxia due to vascular occlusion produce this endothelial cell and basement membrane damage. An infectious origin or endogenous pyrogen substances released from leukaemic monocytes may explain the fever. The frequent occurrence of pulmonary leukostasis in patients with leukocyte count greater than 100,000/mm3 point out the need for prevention or therapy of pulmonary leukostasis in these high-risk patients. They need chemotherapy and, if rapid reduction is not observed, leukopheresis which may favourably influence the outcome of patients.
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PMID:[Postoperative pulmonary leukostasis responsible for fatal respiratory distress]. 240 Jan 49

Neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser treatments were performed in 70 patients aged 62 +/- 10 (1 SD) years for incomplete malignancy-induced obstruction of the trachea or main bronchi, or both, associated with uncontrolled cough, dyspnea, atelectasis/pneumonia, and hemoptysis. Forty-three patients had been treated with surgical techniques, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, or all three, while 27 patients were untreated before laser therapy because of acute respiratory distress. Laser treatment produced palliative improvement in 81% of the treated group (35 of 43), with survival of 4.3 +/- 3.9 months. Unsuccessfully laser-treated patients survived 0.7 +/- 0.4 month (p less than .05). Eighty-five percent of the untreated patients (23 of 27) showed postlaser improvement, with survival of 8.5 +/- 6.9 months. Unsuccessfully laser-treated patients survived 1.4 +/- 0.6 months (p less than .05). Twenty-three of the 27 previously untreated patients underwent radiation therapy after laser treatment. Laser treatments also were administered to 23 patients aged 61 +/- 13 years with complete obstruction of the main bronchi. Of this group, 17 patients had been treated and 6 had not been treated before the laser therapy. Laser treatment was successful in 47% of the treated patients (8 of 17), but there was no difference (p greater than .05) in survival between successfully and unsuccessfully treated patients (3.0 +/- 2.5 vs. 2.9 +/- 4.6 months). Similarly, laser treatment was successful in 50% of the untreated patients (3 of 6), and there was also no difference (p greater than .05) in survival between successfully and unsuccessfully treated patients (3.4 +/- 3.5 vs. 3.5 +/- 2.8 months).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser in lung cancer. 243 45

A combined retrospective and prospective analysis of infants 60 days of age or less evaluated for fever (greater than or equal to 38.3 degrees C) or history of fever who received chest roentgenogram over a one-year period was performed to determine whether clinical characteristics were predictive of pneumonia. Of the 209 patients studied, 115 were reviewed prospectively and 94 retrospectively. Pneumonia was radiographically diagnosed in 16 patients. Individual clinical factors were not found to be highly predictive of pneumonia. However, infants with the following nine factors did not have pneumonia; illness in the summer months; absence of cough, dyspnea, and respiratory distress (grunting/flaring/retracting); respiratory rate less than 60; absence of rales and decreased breath sounds; presence of normal color; and white blood cell count less than 19,000/mm3. We recommend that these clinical characteristics be utilized to determine whether chest roentgenogram is warranted in the young infant evaluated for fever.
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PMID:Indications for chest roentgenogram in the febrile young infant. 232 Apr 91

Nitrofurantoin is a widely prescribed antibiotic used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. In some patients it can produce an acute pulmonary reaction ranging from mild dyspnea to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Symptoms include fever, dyspnea, chills, cough, and chest pain. Physical examination generally reveals an acutely ill, extremely apprehensive patient in varying degrees of respiratory distress. Fever is usually present and there is an increase in heart rate and respiratory rate. Cyanosis, rales, and a maculopapular rash are common findings. Laboratory studies typically demonstrate a leukocytosis with eosinophilia, varying degrees of hypoxia and hypocapnia, and a mild to moderate elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The chest x-ray study may be normal but more often demonstrates bilateral lower lobe interstitial infiltrates frequently accompanied by pleural effusions. Treatment in the majority of cases requires only stopping the drug, but steroids, bronchodilators, or antihistamines may be used in selected cases. Once the diagnosis is made and the drug withdrawn, prognosis for full recovery is excellent.
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PMID:Acute pulmonary toxicity to nitrofurantoin. 270 84


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