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Query: UMLS:C0476273 (respiratory distress)
 19,632 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute respiratory distress in children is a terrifying experience for both the child and the parents. It also poses a tremendous challenge to nurses and physicians who must diagnose and treat the child's illness. Although the cause of acute respiratory distress in children can vary, the initial symptoms can all look the same to even the most experienced practitioner. Epiglottitis, a potentially life-threatening bacterial infection, often masquerades as the more common and less severe viral illness croup.
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PMID:Mistaken identity ... is it epiglottitis or croup? 208 72

With a limited number of beds for patients undergoing medical and surgical treatment for respiratory diseases, we set aside 6 of 45 beds on one floor to be used as a respiratory care unit. During the past 5 years, 1820 patients (1225 medical and 595 surgical) were admitted to the respiratory care unit; they were treated for an average of 5.02 days. Of the patients being treated medically, 451 received mechanical ventilatory support. The majority of those patients had acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory failure due to emphysema or to sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis. Acute respiratory distress associated with asthma or with pneumonia were also relatively common, as was the adult respiratory distress syndrome. A total of 119 patients on home oxygen therapy are being seen as out-patients, and the respiratory care unit was found to be quite useful whenever they needed intensive management. Only 148 (8.1%) of the patients admitted to the respiratory care unit died before discharge, and the ratio of cost to performance was good. The respiratory care unit was most effective in allowing for continuity of care from the onset of respiratory distress, and including exacerbations, surgical interventions, postoperative management, and out-patient care.
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PMID:[Evaluation of a respiratory care unit on a 45-bed hospital ward]. 875 97

Pulmonary manifestations are frequently observed in children, pregnant women and travellers with malaria. The pathophysiology of these pulmonary manifestations is poorly understood but would appear to be secondary to an interaction between the parasitized red cells and the pulmonary capillary endothelium. Bronchitis and pneumonia do not directly compromise outcome but, left unrecognized, the delay in diagnosis and treatment may be fatal. Acute respiratory distress in children is the first cause of overmortality, coming before neurological involvement. The acute respiratory distress caused by severe malaria has no specific characteristics. Iatrogenic complications and pulmonary superinfections must be differentiated. The prevention of pulmonary manifestations associated with malaria can easily be accomplished by limiting water intake and carefully monitoring urinary output and weight. Treatment is the same as for acute flare-ups in combination with symptomatic respiratory treatment when required.
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PMID:[Pulmonary manifestations associated with malaria]. 1010 Mar 46

Acute respiratory distress (ARD) in neonates is a dangerous condition that is usually brought on by pulmonary dysfunction. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and oesophageal atresia with tracheo-oesophageal fistula are examples of non-pulmonary causes of acute respiratory distress. Though rare, they are potentially fatal and successful management entails a multidisciplinary approach, which includes surgical intervention, use of critical care facilities such as the intensive care unit and paediatric supervision. We present two cases, each outlining one of the above named non-pulmonary causes of ARD, its management and outcome. Management of the congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) was successful and the baby is still doing well. The baby with oesophageal atresia (OA) died during treatment, though the therapeutic procedures undertaken are presented here for academic purposes.
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PMID:Non-pulmonary causes of acute respiratory distress in neonates: report of two cases. 1571 34

Acute respiratory distress is a common cause of emergency admission to hospital. Clinicians may face difficulties in terms of diagnosis (etiology), especially in older subjects, often presenting with multiple medical conditions. The Brain Natriuretic Peptid (BNP) assay is an interesting new diagnostic tool in this context, since it differentiates pulmonary dyspnea from pulmonary edema in these patients. However, this laboratory examination should be used with discretion and analyzed according to the clinical setting to avoid possible false positive results. Symptomatic treatment of respiratory distress (oxygen therapy and/or respiratory support) is essential. Except from some clearly identified medical conditions (for instance cardiogenic pulmonary edema in hypertensive subjects, acute asthma attacks or tension pneumothorax), the effect of a specific treatment is often limited, at least in terms of immediate outcome.
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PMID:[Acute respiratory distress]. 1673 6

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by sudden onset of respiratory distress, infiltrates on radiographs consistent with pulmonary oedema, hypoxaemia and increased work in breathing. Infiltrates on radiographs are bilateral, but may be patchy or diffuse and fluffy or dense. It is associated with absence of left heart failure and a PaO2/FiO2 ratio of < or =200. Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which was approved by the US FDA in July 2005, is used as an embolic agent for cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM). It is a biocompatible liquid polymer that precipitates and solidifies on contact with blood, thus forming a soft and spongy embolus. We report a case of ARDS following therapeutic embolization with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer for cerebral AVM under general anaesthesia. Experienced perioperative physicians adopted standard anaesthetic technique and monitoring for this procedure. Acute respiratory distress and hypoxaemia developed in the patient following extubation of the trachea. Infiltrates seen on postprocedural chest radiographs were consistent with pulmonary oedema. DMSO, the solvent for the ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, is excreted via the lungs after administration and we postulate that DMSO was the possible cause of ARDS in this patient. Monitoring of haemodynamic parameters (invasive blood pressure, electrocardiography) and ventilatory parameters (ETCO2, SpO2, airway pressure monitoring) are important in the recognition of this possible event. One should be vigilant and anticipate this complication following therapeutic embolization with ethylene vinyl alcohol polymer for the treatment of cerebral AVM.
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PMID:Severe pulmonary oedema following therapeutic embolization with Onyx for cerebral arteriovenous malformation. 1817 30

Acute respiratory distress is a common and often serious emergency. Good patient outcomes require rapid and skilled assessment of the airway, breathing and oxygenation. The ability to assess work of breathing and knowing when and how to intervene before a patient with acute respiratory distress tires will enhance your ability to care for this challenging complaint.
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PMID:Strugging to breathe. Decision making in the assessment & treatment of acute respiratory distress. 2447 34

Acute respiratory distress is one of the most common reason for emergency visits in children under 5 y of age. An accurate understanding of the epidemiology of these diseases, identification of risk factors and etiology is critical for successful treatment and prevention of related mortality. The cause of acute respiratory distress varies in etiology, and hence is amenable to different treatment modalities. Depending on the predominant symptoms and signs, a child presenting to the clinician can be divided into six groups, viz., stridor; cough, fever and difficulty in breathing or fast breathing; wheezing; mediastinal shift with severe respiratory distress; slow or irregular breathing in absence of any pulmonary sign; and respiratory distress with cardiac findings. A detailed history followed by a thorough clinical examination and laboratory evaluation assisted by imaging modalities if indicated, helps to establish the exact cause of respiratory distress in the child. Early recognition and prompt institution of appropriate management or referral can significantly improve the outcome of this illness. This article offers clinicians a brief update on the general management guidelines of respiratory distress in pediatric patients. Specific treatment depends on the exact cause, however croup and acute severe asthma have been discussed in this article.
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PMID:Acute Respiratory Distress in Children: Croup and Acute Asthma. 2525 64

Acute respiratory distress together with hypoxia could be an indication for admission to intensive care unit. It may also lead to acute kidney injury. In addition, mechanical ventilation may be an additional factor for development of acute kidney injury. The aim of the work was to assess the prevalence of acute kidney injury, including the need for renal replacement therapy in patients with acute respiratory distress treated in intensive care unit. In addition, the effect of acute kidney injury on outcome of patients with acute respiratory distress was evaluated. The studies were performed on 100 patients with acute respiratory distress treated in intensive care unit of the regional hospital. Patients were divided into 2 groups in respect to the presence or absence of acute kidney injury. Acute kidney injury was diagnosed in 22% of patients with acute respiratory distress, while 12% required renal replacement therapy, it was more often observed in patients with estimated GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2. Length of stay was similar irrespective of kidney function, however, the mortality was significantly higher in patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, particularly in those on hemodialyses. In addition, mortality was associated with older age and sepsis.
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PMID:[Acute kidney injury in patients with acute respiratory distress]. 2554 13