Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476273 (respiratory distress)
 19,632 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-six children with eventration (congenital in 10, resulting from birth trauma in four, and resulting from operative phrenic nerve injury in 12) under 15 months of age were evaluated at a single institution in a 5 year period. There was a high incidence of significant associated anomalies and prematurity. All operative phrenic nerve injuries occurred in patients under 3 months of age, and they were most common in patients undergoing Blalock-Taussig shunt. Plication (12 thoracic, nine abdominal) was performed in 21 patients, 19 of whom had respiratory distress or were ventilator dependent. Repeat plication was required in four patients. All long-term survivors were extubated within 1 week of plication. Of 21 patients undergoing plication, 14 (67%) died. Death was attributed directly to complications of eventration in three patients and was a contributing factor in nine patients. We reached the following conclusions: The incidence of operative phrenic nerve injury in infants undergoing lateral thoracotomy, particularly for Blalock-Taussig shunt, is higher than generally appreciated; plication is a safe procedure as performed by either an abdominal or thoracic approach; failure to achieve extubation within a week of plication is an ominous prognostic sign; mortality in patients with eventration in the presence of major associated conditions may be high despite plication.
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PMID:Diaphragmatic paralysis and eventration in infants. 395 66

Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, prematurity, and familial airway hyperreactivity may contribute to long-term pulmonary sequelae. We assessed the role of each by testing pulmonary function and airway reactivity in 11 prematurely born children who survived the respiratory distress syndrome and in 11 prematurely born children who had no neonatal respiratory disease, each of whom was paired with a sibling born at term. The subjects were between 7 and 12 years of age when studied. Airway reactivity was also assessed in their mothers. The group who had had the respiratory distress syndrome had higher ratios of residual volume to total lung capacity and lower values for forced expiratory volume in one second than did their siblings or normal controls (P less than 0.01). Expiratory flow was decreased in both groups born prematurely (P less than 0.02) and was related to neonatal exposure to oxygen (r = -0.71, P less than 0.02). The incidence of airway hyperreactivity was elevated in all groups, including the mothers. These data suggest that long-term pulmonary sequelae of the respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn are related to the disease, its treatment, or both, and to airway hyperreactivity. In prematurely born children without neonatal lung disease, the sequelae are related to airway hyperreactivity. The possibility of a relation between familial airway hyperreactivity and premature birth is suggested.
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PMID:The long-term pulmonary sequelae of prematurity: the role of familial airway hyperreactivity and the respiratory distress syndrome. 397 51

Previous studies using other beta-adrenergic drugs for tocolysis suggest that if treatment fails and the patient delivers shortly after the therapy is discontinued, there is a direct correlation between neonatal drug concentration and major neonatal complications. In the present study, the disposition of ritodrine was studied in 28 maternal-infant pairs in whom intravenous ritodrine had been administered for clinical indications. The fetal to maternal ratio of ritodrine was 1.17 +/- 0.48. The concentration of ritodrine in both maternal and umbilical vein was found to vary inversely with the length of time the drug was discontinued before delivery. A stepwise multilinear regression revealed that the maternal ritodrine dose in the 24 hours before delivery and the drug discontinuance to delivery interval were both independently related to umbilical vein ritodrine concentrations. When combined, the two variables explained 52% of the variance in umbilical vein ritodrine levels. The frequency of respiratory distress syndrome was increased in the neonates in whom umbilical vein ritodrine was greater than 10 ng/mL, compared with the groups with umbilical vein levels ranging from 3.0 to 10.0 ng/mL. However, neonates with the highest ritodrine concentration were also of lower gestational age (29.4 versus 33.5 weeks, P less than .05) and thus, had greater inherent risk of prematurity-related complications.
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PMID:Maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of ritodrine. 400 May 69

Ten children with a history of prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were matched with 10 full-term controls on the single-word stage of language. Eleven dependent variables probed for qualitative differences between the groups. Measures of receptive language were based on two assessment procedures specifically designed for this study. Expressive language measures were taken from a parent-elicited language sample. Control subjects demonstrated superior performance on all receptive language and child verbosity measures despite their younger age.
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PMID:Early language abilities of high-risk infants. 403 93

Between March 1978 and October 1983, sixty-seven low birth weight infants (600-1500 gm) with gestational age of 26-33 weeks had surgical ligation of PDA in our unit. Thirty-six (54%) had previous failed indomethacin therapy. Congestive cardiac failure (61), respiratory distress syndrome (48) and failure to thrive (34) were the presenting features. Nine patients had severe acidosis (pH 6.8-7.18) on admission. A trans-pleural approach was used in all. Ventilation was required for 1-13 days. There were no intra-operative deaths. Sixteen (24%) died of the problems of prematurity. The others have continued to thrive. We believe that ligation of PDA is a safe and effective procedure in the low birth weight premature infant, but should only be undertaken in a well set up paediatric cardiac surgical unit.
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PMID:Surgical ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus in low birth weight pre-term infants. A review of 67 consecutive cases. 406 41

Echocardiographic M-mode examinations were performed in 30 infants of diabetic mothers (IDM). Twelve of them had severe symptoms with hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress syndrome, septicemia and hypoglycemia in the neonatal period. The gestational age ranged from the 34th week to the 40th week, the birth weight ranging between 2280 g and 5820 g (mean 3455 g). Fifteen patients were restudied at different ages. In group A (age 1-14 days) out of 23, in group B (age 14 days-6 months) 5 from 13 IDM and in group C (older than 6 months, (n=10) no IDM had an increased ratio of intraventricular septal thickness (IVS) to left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW). One patient showed a systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) without having other symptoms for a left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. All measured dimensions normalized within 6 months. It is concluded that a form of prematurity may be responsible for the transient, asymmetrical, septal hypertrophy.
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PMID:Echocardiographic profile of infants of diabetic mothers. 622 28

When pre-established "safe" limits of serum bilirubin are exceeded, or when hyperbilirubinemia is present in association with other conditions such as prematurity with respiratory distress, asphyxia, or neonatal infections, the need to lessen the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy requires specific and effective interventions to lower the unconjugated or indirect-reacting bilirubin level in infants at risk. To this end the authors examine the criteria for intervention, the means of decreasing serum bilirubin levels, phototherapy, exchange transfusion, and the problem of jaundice in breast-fed infants.
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PMID:The management of hyperbilirubinemia. 643 Jun 25

Prevention of neonatal mortality linked to prematurity may be achieved by treating preterm labor, thus allowing fetal lungs to spontaneously develop, or by administering drugs able to enhance pulmonary maturation. The methylxantine derivative aminophylline has been reported to reduce uterine contractility and increase the concentrations of saturated phosphatidylcholine in fetal lungs. Its effectiveness in treating preterm labor and preventing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been evaluated in comparison to the widely used drug ritodrine. In 39 pregnant women with preterm labor the efficacy of aminophylline and ritodrine in delaying the delivery seemed similar. However, while two of the babies born from ritodrine treated mothers died because of RDS, all babies born from aminophylline-treated mothers survived. These data might then confirm the effectiveness of aminophylline treatment to prevent RDS.
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PMID:Aminophylline treatment of preterm labor. 652 93

Labor, delivery, and newborn course were studied in 621 pregnancies in which labor was electively induced at or after 39 weeks, and in 3,851 control pregnancies in which the onset of labor was spontaneous. Induced labors were not prolonged, nor was the duration of ruptured membranes. Fetal distress and birth asphyxia were not more frequent after induction, and release of meconium occurred much less frequently (9.3% for induced labor versus 16.7% for spontaneous). There was greater use of epidural analgesia and of forceps delivery in induced labor. Among primiparous patients, cesarean delivery for "failure to progress" was performed in 14% of electively induced labors and 7% of spontaneous control labors, a difference not noted among multiparous patients who had a primary cesarean birth rate of less than 2%. Iatrogenic prematurity was not a problem; none of the 621 infants who was born after elective induction developed respiratory distress syndrome, and only one weighed less than 2,500 gm.
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PMID:Hazards and benefits of elective induction of labor. 653 86

In order to investigate the development of autonomic control and its relation to postnatal illness, healthy term, healthy preterm, and preterm infants who had recovered from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were seen around the expected date of their birth, 40 weeks conceptional age (C.A.), and again at 3 months conceptional age. Three minutes of resting EKG were collected at each age point while the infant was in a quiet, alert state. Measures of resting heart period and heart period variability were derived. Results revealed the influence of maturity and illness on autonomic activity. RDS and healthy preterm infants, at 40 weeks C.A. exhibited a pattern of small heart period compared to healthy term. RDS preterm infants at 40 weeks C.A. exhibited less overall variability than either healthy group and across age displayed less short-term variability than the healthy infants. The data suggest that autonomic activity during the early months of life may be affected by both prematurity and postnatal illness. The significance of these data in understanding term/preterm differences in the neonatal period is discussed.
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PMID:Maturation of autonomic control in preterm infants. 664 80


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