Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476273 (respiratory distress)
 19,632 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

PAH clearance was carried out in 12 newborns, hospitalized in the infantile resuscitation unit for respiratory distress. 6 of these children weighed less than 2.5 kg, 4 had hyaline membrane disease, 6 had either amniotic abnormalities or transitory tachypnea, 2 were surgical patients: one right diaphragmatic hernia, one post-operative respiratory complication after intervention for neonatal occlusion. In 9 cases the newborn was under controled artificial ventilation associated with PEEP at 5 to 7 cm of water. In all of the cases, the hemodynamic, metabolic and blood gas conditions were normal. A control series of 11 newnorn was carried out in a pediatric unit, the clearance was done without urine samples, the rough value of the figures found varied from 5.5 ml per minute to 30 ml per minute in the respiratory distress series and 16 to 62 ml per minute in the control series. The analysis of these results in rendered difficult by the juxtaposition of several factors: Choice of a reference criterion: body surface area, PAH space, patient's weight theoretical weight of the kidneys. The factor of prematurity. The problem of the date of the investigation in comparison with the date of birth.
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PMID:[PAH clearance measurement without urine samples in the newborn infant with respiratory distress]. 0 69

Prematurity is by far the commonest cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The management of premature labour is empirical because little is understood about the mechanism of labour. Effective uterine relaxant drugs have an important, albeit minor role. Phototherapy has reduced the complications of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and the beneficial effect of antepartum corticosteroid therapy in minimizing the risk of respiratory distress syndrome is now convincing. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy in premature rupture of the membranes does not alter perinatal mortality, although postpartum maternal morbidity is reduced. The introduction of neonatal intensive care units has improved the survival rate of premature infants. Sound clinical judgement remains the mainstay in the management of premature labour.
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PMID:Premature labour. 0 17

Five infants with pneumococcal sepsis presented with respiratory distress and clinical signs of infection in the first day of life. Although there was no apparent epidemiological relationship among the patients, four of the five were seen within a 12-month period. Pneumonia, prolonged rupture of fetal membranes, and prematurity were features in these patients. Three infants died, two within 12 hours of diagnosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the vagina of three of the mothers; in two, the serotype was identical to that recovered from their infants. Clinical features of neonatal pneumococcal sepsis are similar to those of early-onset group B streptococcal infection. Like the group B Streptococcus, S. pneumoniae acquired from the maternal vagina is a potential life-threatening pathogen in the newborn period.
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PMID:Early-onset pneumococcal sepsis in newborn infants. 1 25

Coagulation and fibrinolysis studies were performed on 64 newborns; 16 premature infants with hyaline membrane disease (HMD), 17 newborns with other forms of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (8 of them were premature), 31 healthy newborns (11 of them were premature). All the babies were studied once in the first 48 hours of life. There was no significant difference between sick and healthy babies for 5 parameters; platelet count, factor VIII, fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products, euglobulin lysis time. Factor II, VII and X were low in all infants, and premature infants had significantly lower levels compared to full term newborns. Factor V, plasminogen, alpha 2 macroglobulin (alpha 2M) and antithrombin III (AT III) levels were significantly lower in sick infants. Except for AT III, these deficiencies were not related to prematurity. No significant difference was found between HMD and other RDS. Of the 33 sick infants, 5 developed laboratory findings consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The results indicate that the coagulation and fibrinolytic abnormalities reported are not specific to HMD.
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PMID:Haemostatic disorders and respiratory distress in the newborn. 7 54

Cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate (c-AMP) and creatinine were measured in full-term and premature infants. In normals, values for c-AMP were highest on days 1 and 2 (1.3-1.5 nmol/ml) and decreased thereafter. In prematures the c-AMP values were significantly lower than in the full-term infants. There was a rough correlation with birth weight. Creatinine values were closely reflected by the c-AMP levels. Changes found in neonatal jaundice, hypocalcaemia, respiratory distress syndrome, and anoxia could be attributed to prematurity. No diurnal variation in c-AMP values was found.
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PMID:Urinary content of 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and creatinine in full-term and premature infants. 20 64

The role of caffeine and other methylxanthines in prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, and the respiratory distress syndrome is currently under investigation. Their pharmacokinetics are discussed together with their newly discovered beneficial role as possible inhibitors of premature labor and accelerators of fetal lung maturation.
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PMID:Effects of methylxanthines on the fetus. 22 87

The cesarean section rate has been rising in California since 1965. In this article, we describe the trend in cesarean section rates in California from 1960 to 1975 in relation to maternal and infant variables. Approximately proportionate increases in cesarean section rates by infant birth weight and maternal race were found. Cesarean section rates for women under 20 years of age and for those of first parity have risen proportionately more than rates for other age and parity groups. We also found that cesarean section rates for births at gestational age's exceeding 42 weeks have risen proportionately more than rates for births at other gestational ages. Maternal mortality ratios associated with cesarean section were twice those associated with noncesarean births for the years 1973, 1974, and 1975. Possible explanations of the current cesarean section rate include an increase in indications for the procedure, use of the fetal monitor, and the current medical-legal climate. The potential problems that cesarean section may create for the mother and infant are higher rates of iatrogenic prematurity and respiratory distress and of maternal morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Cesarean section in California--1960 through 1975. 43 2

Uromucoid (Tamm-Horsfall's mucoprotein) was not detected in amniotic fluid from pregnancies with gestational are 12-18 weeks, but was detected in 5 of 9 samples of amniotic fluid from full-term pregnancies, and in urine from all full-term infants investigated 1st day of life. This suggests that uromucoid excretion under normal conditions established near term. Change from intrauterine to extrauterine life may rapidly induce uromucoid excretion, as this protein was found in premature infants (32-34 weeks of gestation) at the 2nd day of life. Healthy newborn infants had a lower uromucoid concentration in urine than children 7--13 years old. In newborns with uncomplicated prematurity, idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and full-term asphyxiated newborns, the uromucoid concentration in urine during the 1st week of life was not different from healthy newborn infants. Though uromucoid is found to be the major constituent of hyaline casts, the excretion of casts did not correlate to the uromucoid concentration.
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PMID:Uromucoid (Tamm-Horsfall's mucoprotein) in amniotic fluid and in urine in children. 45 Jan 64

The methodology and results of 134 neonatal autopsies performed over a 2-year period are presented. The causes of perinatal mortality, in descending order, were: 43% by extrinsic perinatal hypoxia; 18% by infection; 12% by respiratory distress syndrome; and 10.5% by congenital abnormlities. These 4 factors accounted for 84% of the total cases. Perinatal mortality is strongly associated with obstetrical factors, respiratory distress syndrome, and prematurity. In addition, iatrogenic infections play a large contributory role in perinatal mortality. Since about 77% of the perinatal deaths occurred in low-birth-weight babies, the reduction of perinatal mortality can be promoted by reducing prematurity rates and by early detection and intervention in cases of intrauterine growth retardation. In addition, adequate and systematic antenatal care is warranted, since none of the participants in this series had received such care. In 10 cases the primary cause of death could not be determined despite complete autopsy. Briefly the methodology entailed collecting autopsy data, and then assigning primary cause of death from a previously prepared and defined list of primary causes of death, after taking into consideration clinical data in each case. Primary causes of death were, according to this methodology: extrinsic perinatal hypoxia, infection, respiratory distress syndrome, congenital anomalies, hematological disorders, idiopathic massive pulmonary hemorrhage, birth trauma, other specific causes, extreme prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, and unexplained.
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PMID:Primary causes of perinatal mortality-autopsy study of 134 cases. 46 54

The influence of breech presentation on neonatal mortality was studied in 77 viable low-birth-weight breech deliveries. Neonates were divided into 3 weight groups: 1000-1499 g, 1500-1999 g, and 2000-2499 g. The antepartum and intrapartum characteristics of the 3 weight groups were detailed. The 17 neonates who died were studied to determine if alternative delivery methods would have prevented their deaths. Survival rates were 45% in the 1000-1499-g group, 76% in the 1500-1999-g group, and 97% in the 2000-2499-g group. Cervical head entrapment and fetal bradycardia were ominous intrapartum complications, but severe prematurity with respiratory distress syndrome and fetal hydrops were the primary causes of neonatal death. From these data, it is concluded that 1) intrapartum management and delivery of the low-birth-weight breech presentation infant should be individualized, and 2) cesarean section for routine delivery is not justified.
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PMID:Effects of low-birth-weight breech delivery on neonatal mortality. 57 25


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