Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476273 (respiratory distress)
 19,632 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 26-year-old man suffered acute arsenic poisoning after a poisoning attempt. He developed multiple organ failure including encephalopathy, bleeding disorders, pancreatitis, renal and hepatocellular impairment. Generalized erythroderma also developed within one week after admission. The developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from the endotracheal aspirate. Despite intensive care support, antidote administration and various epuration techniques, the patient died on day 26 from subarachnoid bleeding. An autopsy was obtained and the concentration of arsenic was determined in different tissues. Multiple abscesses due to Aspergillus fumigatus were seen in the lungs, myocardium and kidneys. This uncommon complication in a previously immunocompetent patient could be related to impaired immunity directly caused by arsenic poisoning.
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PMID:Invasive aspergillosis in association with criminal arsenic poisoning. 1635 53

We have conducted a case-control retrospective study to determine the risk of Intra Uterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) in pregnant women with preeclampsia. We have found that IUGR is one of the most prominent features of preeclampsia and occurs in 27% of cases (Odds Ratio 1.20). IUGR occurs during fetal-placental insufficiency (ultrasound structural changes of placenta such as aging and calcifications take place in 67.8% of cases, oligohydramnia in 42.8% of cases, changes of hemodynamics in maternal -- fetal placental unit -- in 82.3% of cases; deviation from the norm of resistance index and pulse index was 1.5-2 times higher). IUGR was accompanied with the poor functional state of the fetus (85.7% according to the cardiotocographic monitoring); morphological investigation of placenta showed dystrophic and destructive changes, which finally leads to the high rate of morbidity during neonatal period (hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy -- 66%, respiratory distress syndrome -- 36%, pneumonia and atelectasis --14%) and fetal functional immaturity confirmed by EEG.
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PMID:[Risk of iugr syndrome development during preeclampsia of the pregnant]. 1636 54

A retrospective analysis of neonates admitted for ventilatory support to the neonatal intensive care unit at the University Hospital of the West Indies between August 2001 and December 2004 was conducted. One hundred and thirty-eight neonates fulfilled criteria for admission into the study. Ninety-eight (71%) were inborn, 88 (64%) survived and 50 (36%) died. The median age at death was 72 hours and 72% of non-survivors died within one week of life. The main reasons for admission into the unit were respiratory distress syndrome 87(63%), followed by hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy 15 (11%), surgical indications 13 (9%) and meconium aspiration syndrome 11 (8%). Babies with meconium aspiration syndrome and surgical problems had the best survival 82% and 85% respectively. Survival rates increased with increasing birthweight and gestational age. The most common complication seen was air leaks. The judicious use of neonatal intensive care measures in a developing country can result in a reduction of morbidity and mortality. However to maximize on benefits versus cost in an atmosphere of budgetary constraint evidence based management policies and protocols must be developed and implemented
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PMID:The neonatal intensive care unit at the University Hospital of the West Indies: The first few years' experience. 1692 98

We have studied the course of early neonatal period in the newborns with delayed intrauterine development syndrome (DIUDS). Clinical neurological and electroencephalographic (EEG) studies of 208 neonates with DIUDS have been performed. Control group consisted of 234 newborns with normal height-weight values. Newborns with DIUDS exhibited hypoxy-ischemic encephalopathy with prevailing general cerebral symptoms in 64%; respiratory distress syndrome in 33.1%, partial pulmonary atelectasis--12.9%, and intrauterine infection--8.1%. Most frequently hypoxy-ischemic encephalopathy was registered in premature babies with DIUDS--78.2% (18% in control group), in cases with history of mother's extragenital pathology--in 72.4% (9% in control group), in 66% in cases with pre-eclampsia (4% in control group), and in 50% in both cases of perinatal infection and anemia of pregnancy (23% and 10% in control group, respectfully). Clinical-neurological and electro-encephalographic data of the newborns is in correlation with severity of DIUDS. Results of the electro-encephalographic study can be useful in assessment of degree of the central neural system disorder and evaluation of its functional condition.
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PMID:[Perinatal results of delayed intrauterine development of fetus]. 1705 90

Cerebral malaria is the most common cause of non-traumatic encephalopathy in the world. The mainstay of therapy is either quinine or artemisinin, both of which are effective antimalarials. The clinical picture of cerebral malaria may persist or even become worse in spite of the clearance of parasites from blood. The death rate is unacceptably high even with effective antimalarials in tertiary care hospitals. The mortality increases in presence of multi organ failure (renal failure, jaundice, respiratory distress, severe anaemia, lactic acidosis, etc.). The pathogenesis of cerebral malaria is multifactorial and includes clogging, sequestration, rosette formation, release of cytokines, cerebral oedema, increased intracranial hypertension, etc. Attempts are made to use adjuvant therapy which will act through alternate mechanisms and address one or more of the pathogenetic processes. In this review, we have discussed the role of corticosteroids, pentoxifylline, desferrioxamine, mannitol and newer agents in the treatment of cerebral malaria. Though the literature on adjuvant therapy in cerebral malaria is large enough, there are a number of shortcomings in the clinical trials, many being open and non randomized or of very small sample size. Further research is of utmost importance through large multicentric, double-blind controlled trials to show the efficacy of any of these drugs.
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PMID:Adjuvant therapy in cerebral malaria. 1733 64

Children with sequelae of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) occasionally suffer from cytokine-related disease. We investigated 12 children with perinatal HIE sequelae, who died in childhood, concerning (1) the incidence of cytokine-related disease as the cause of death, and (2) the characteristics of the cytokine-related disease. Six (50%) of the 12 patients died from cytokine-related disease:two had virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) ; one had acute encephalopathy;one had systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS); and two had severe pneumonia/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These six patients presented with increased liver transaminase, LDH, and CK, and decreased platelet count and albumin. This study shows the high incidence of cytokine-related disease as the cause of death in children with perinatal HIE sequelae. Further investigation is needed to clarify the pathogenesis of this disease.
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PMID:[High incidence of fatal cytokine-related disease among children with sequelae of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy]. 1709 63

The review of the data available in the literature traces the pathogenetic association of chronic fetoplacental insufficiency (CFPI) with the mechanisms responsible for cardioplacental circulation, hypoxic encephalopathy, and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Infectious abnormalities of the fetal membranes, placenta, and umbilical cord are of combined pathogenic importance in cases of CFPI.
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PMID:[Fetal compensatory and abnormal reactions in fetoplacental insufficiency]. 1854 Apr 49

Intractable aspiration is a life-threatening medical problem. Sixteen patients with intractable aspiration underwent surgical management. Their underlying diseases were cerebral palsy (n = 6), degenerative diseases (n = 5), acquired hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (n = 4), and congenital myopathy (n = 1). Laryngotracheal separation was performed in nine patients with median age of 2 years 6 months (range: 7 mo - 13 y 5 mo), and laryngectomy was performed in seven with median age of 7 years 4 month (range: 1 y 6 mo - 17 y 1 mo). Surgical interventions were effective in all patients with respiratory distress. The most common complication was increased drawling in six patients, who recovered within 6 months of clinical follow-up. Other complications were tracheal granulations (n = 4), bleeding (n = 2), narrowing of the tracheal hole (n = 2), tracheomalacia (n = 2), ruptured suture (n = 1), and tracheal abscess (n = 1). Considering the underlying diseases and age, surgical management for intractable aspiration should be performed at appropriate timing.
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PMID:[Surgical management for intractable aspiration in handicapped children]. 1917 13

Resuscitation and acute cerebral damage after cardiopulmonary arrest often induce a systemic inflammatory response and subsequently cause multiple organ failure, including acute lung injury (ALI). Sivelestat has been reported to be effective for ALI associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), but the effectiveness and safety of the drug for infants has not been confirmed. We report a 33-day-old infant who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following hypoxic encephalopathy immediately after successful resuscitation from cardiopulmonary arrest. Sivelestat was administered continuously for 7 days with no adverse reactions, and consolidations on a chest radiograph were diminished and impaired oxygenation was markedly alleviated. Our experience suggests that intravenous sivelestat offers a new therapeutic strategy for infantile ARDS/ALI, but further investigation of the indication, administration period, and dosage is required.
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PMID:Sivelestat treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome in an infant. 1944 74

Isovaleric acidaemia is a rare inherited organic acidaemia associated with a characteristic odour in affected patients. Fewer than 40 causative mutations have been reported to date. We report a case in a Hong Kong Chinese neonate who presented with respiratory distress and acute encephalopathy requiring aggressive resuscitation and treatment. Residual gross motor developmental delay was still observed at the age of 16 months. The child was subsequently found to harbour a known missense mutation (c.A1199G [p.Y371C]) and a novel 4-bp duplication (c.1148_1151dupGCTA [p.Y355X]) in the IVD gene. We suggest that the former is a founder mutation in the Chinese population and propose an explanation for the duplication event. Strategies that may achieve early diagnosis and prompt treatment include raising awareness of this condition, implementation of a tandem mass spectrometry neonatal screening programme, and local acquisition of appropriate medications for these metabolic diseases.
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PMID:A novel duplication at the putative DNA polymerase alpha arrest site and a founder mutation in Chinese in the IVD gene underlie isovaleric acidaemia. 2051 59


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