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Query: UMLS:C0476273 (respiratory distress)
 19,632 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The growth and development of inborn very low birth weight infants was evaluated in 50 of 60 survivors from 132 babies weighing less than or equal to 1,250 gm born July 1974 to December 1977. Mean +/- SE birth weight and gestation was 1,066 +/- 19.3 gm and 29.5 +/- 0.3 weeks, respectively, with 13 infants small-for-gestational age. Of the survivors, 26% weighed less than or equal to 1,000 gm. Male to female ratio was 1:1.4. Apgar scores less than or equal to 5 at five minutes occurred in 16% of the infants. Respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 56%, but only 10% (5/50) required mechanical ventilation. At 1 year, 46% small for gestational age (SGA) and 8% appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants were less than the third percentile for weight. Major neurologic abnormality occurred in three infants (6%), one of whom is also blind. Grade V retrolental fibroplasia occurred in two others. Severe developmental delay (development quotient < 80, Gesell) occurred in these five infants and two other neurologically normal babies. Of 15 infants weighing less than or equal to 1,000 gm, two had major handicaps. Eight percent of the AGA infants and 30% of the SGA infants had major handicaps. These data indicate that infants born and treated in a perinatal center have a decreased incidence of asphyxia and severe respiratory distress syndrome and that the incidence of major handicaps is reduced, especially in the appropriate for gestational age baby.
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PMID:Follow-up studies of very low birth weight infants (1,250 grams or less) born and treated within a perinatal center. 615 33

Growth, development, and neurologic status were assessed at 1 year of age in 38 infants of birth weight less than 1,000 gm who were born in 1976 through 1978. Twenty had received mechanical ventilation as newborns, and this group had a significantly higher incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, seizures, cardiac arrest, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retrolental fibroplasia than those not ventilated. The ventilated infants had a high incidence (70%) of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and of retrolental fibroplasia (20% grade III or IV). Seven of eight infants with severe developmental delay (greater than 2 SD), six of nine with moderate delay (greater than 1 SD), and seven of eight with neurologic disability had received ventilation. There was no difference in growth between the ventilated and nonventilated children. Of the total group, 53% showed no problems.
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PMID:Early development of infants of birth weight less than 1,000 grams with reference to mechanical ventilation in newborn period. 616 97

Survival of infants with HMD has improved remarkably in the last decade. This has resulted from improved methods of diagnosis, which enables clinicians to recognize infection, the patent ductus, and the presence of pulmonary hypertension complicating HMD; from improved methods of ventilation, which result in a lower incidence of acute and chronic complications; and from a reduced incidence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retrolental fibroplasia. These advances arise from a deep understanding of pulmonary and metabolic physiology of the newborn infant with respiratory distress. Only an approach firmly rooted in an understanding of physiology, pharmacology, and biochemistry can be completely successful in the therapy of these infants.
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PMID:Recent advances in hyaline membrane disease. 634 38

During a 20-month period, 20 infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) when they required at least 40% inspired oxygen. The infants were allocated to monitoring with either repeated blood-gas determinations according to the usual practice or continuous transcutaneous PO2 measurements supplemented by blood-gas measurements only when judged necessary. The groups were comparable with regard to birth weight and gestational age, and did not differ significantly with regard to effectiveness or duration of the CPAP treatment, survival rates (90 versus 80%) or number of complications. None developed retrolental fibroplasia. However, PtcO2 monitoring resulted in significantly less hypo- and hyperoxaemia and the number of blood-gas analyses performed during CPAP therapy amounted to only 0.6 per infant per day in the transcutaneously monitored group as against 5.3 in the other group. We propose that PtcO2 monitoring should now be the method of choice and that the use of umbilical artery catheterization should be restricted to selected groups of very low birth-weight infants and to infants in need of ventilator therapy.
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PMID:Transcutaneous PO2 monitoring during treatment with continuous positive airway pressure in infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. 634 Apr 4

A baby born at 25 weeks gestation with a birth weight of 800 g who suffered from severe respiratory distress syndrome with metabolic acidosis is described. Active retinopathy of prematurity, stages II and III, was found in the right eye at the age of 1 month and in the left eye a month later. Both eyes were treated by peripheral cryopexy. The pathological examination showed that cryopexy was effective in preventing progression of the retinopathy to cause severe cicatrisation.
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PMID:A clinicopathological case of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated by peripheral cryopexy. 654 94

Besides oxygen administration and immaturity of the premature retinal vessels, there are other risk factors for retrolental fibroplasia: (1) respiratory distress syndrome; (2) multiple episodes of bradycardia apnoea; (3) exchange transfusions; (4) hyaline membrane disease; (5) anemia of prematurity; (6) hyperbilirubinemia; (7) avitaminosis E; (8) cardiovascular defects; (9) infectious diseases; (10) multiple births; (11) hypocalcemia; (12) hypothermia; (13) hemorrhagic tendency; (14) delayed coaptation of the retina, and (15) spastic diplegia.
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PMID:Risk factors for retrolental fibroplasia. 668 25

We performed a double-blind study in 101 preterm infants who weighed less than or equal to 1500 g at birth, who had respiratory distress, and who survived for at least four weeks, to evaluate the efficacy of oral vitamin E in preventing the development of retrolental fibroplasia. Weekly indirect ophthalmologic examinations begun when the infants were three weeks old revealed a significant decrease in the incidence of retrolental fibroplasia greater than or equal to Grade III (P less than 0.03) and greater than or equal to Grade II (P less than 0.05) (McCormick classification) in the 50 infants given 100 mg of vitamin E per kilogram of body weight per day as compared with 51 given 5 mg per kilogram per day (controls). When multivariate analysis was applied to the controls, five risk factors were identified: gestational age, level and duration of administration oxygen, intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis, and birth weight. When multivariate analysis was applied to both control and treatment groups, the severity of retrolental fibroplasia was found to be significantly reduced in infants given 100 mg of vitamin E (P = 0.012).
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PMID:Retrolental fibroplasia: efficacy of vitamin E in a double-blind clinical study of preterm infants. 702 75

The effect of vitamin E administered during the acute phase of therapy for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was evaluated in a randomized double-masked study. One hundred neonates received either vitamin E or placebo intramuscularly within the first 24 hours of birth and at 24, 48, and 168 hours respectively. Additional doses were given twice weekly while the infant remained in an oxygen-enriched environment and could not tolerate feedings and vitamin supplements. Parenteral vitamin E-treated infants had significantly increased serum vitamin E levels compared to placebo-treated infants. Most placebo-treated patients attained normal serum vitamin E levels during the second week of life because of nutritional sources of vitamin E. Infants in both groups had RDS of similar severity. Seventy-four infants, 37 vitamin E-treated and 37 placebo-treated, survived longer than 10 days and had ophthalmologic examinations. Active changes of Stage I and Stage II ROP were noted in 17 of those patients; 9 (24.3%) vitamin E-treated and 8 (21.6%) placebo-treated patients (P = 0.572). No infants developed severe cicatricial changes, and their retinal findings regressed. The incidence of risk factors associated with ROP development occurred equally in the vitamin E-treated and placebo-treated infants that developed ROP. Thus, vitamin E-administration as described in this study did not result in any further reduction in the incidence of the active stages of ROP over that seen with standard neonatal care, which included daily oral Vitamin E supplements.
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PMID:Influence on retrolental fibroplasia of intramuscular vitamin E administration during respiratory distress syndrome. 704 Oct 39

The excessive accumulation of lipoperoxides has been accepted as being highly responsible for the development of retinopathy of prematurity and idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn infant. We have studied development-related levels of lipoperoxides in blood and tissues such as the liver, lungs, kidneys and brain from birth to adult age using rats as the experimental animal. Lipoperoxide concentrations in blood and tissues were low in fetal and early newborn periods. The concentrations increased with age and peaked in the early newborn period and gradually decreased as the development progressed. In vitro lipoperoxide formation and accumulation in tissues exhibited a close correlation with in vivo lipoperoxide concentrations, except in the brain.
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PMID:Blood and tissue levels of lipoperoxides in rats during development. 706 47

A review of infants with respiratory distress born at the Mercy Maternity Hospital, Melbourne, during the years from 1975 to 1977 showed that live-born infants totalled 13304; 288 (2.2%) had respiratory distress. Of the 13304 infants, 197 died; 75 (38.1%) were infants with respiratory distress. Hyaline membrane disease was the cause of the respiratory distress in 153 (53.1%) infants; 58 (37.9%) infants with that problem died. Hyaline membrane disease accounted for 58 (77.3%) of the 75 deaths in infants with respiratory distress. Assisted ventilation was required in 147 (51.0%) infants with respiratory distress and chronic complications of its use acceptable as bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurred in only 8.2% and retrolental fibroplasia in only 3.4%; it is suggested that assisted ventilation was commenced too late in 23 (34.0%) infants. Twenty-eight (42.0%) infants with respiratory distress died despite correct usage of assisted ventilation. This number attests to the dangers of prematurity; hence the decision to deliver an infant prematurely should not be taken lightly.
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PMID:Respiratory distress in newborn infants: contribution to current mortality. 725 33


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