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Query: UMLS:C0476273 (respiratory distress)
 19,632 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five infants with pneumococcal sepsis presented with respiratory distress and clinical signs of infection in the first day of life. Although there was no apparent epidemiological relationship among the patients, four of the five were seen within a 12-month period. Pneumonia, prolonged rupture of fetal membranes, and prematurity were features in these patients. Three infants died, two within 12 hours of diagnosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the vagina of three of the mothers; in two, the serotype was identical to that recovered from their infants. Clinical features of neonatal pneumococcal sepsis are similar to those of early-onset group B streptococcal infection. Like the group B Streptococcus, S. pneumoniae acquired from the maternal vagina is a potential life-threatening pathogen in the newborn period.
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PMID:Early-onset pneumococcal sepsis in newborn infants. 1 25

Chest radiographs of thirteen neonates with group B streptococcal septicemia were evaluated for signs of early diagnosis. Six of the neonates had chest radiographs as seen in idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Seven patients had radiologic findings consistent with neonatal pneumonia. The children with RDS were in general smaller and born prematurelly, but three neonates with x-rays resembling RDS had normal birth weights and thus were mature. Cardiomegaly was observed in a high percentage with a prevalence in children with RDS. Heart size increased in two of the three children who died, but became normal in patients recovering from infection. Three patients had pleural effusions.
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PMID:[Radiologic findings in newborns with group B streptococcal septicemia: clinical importance of heart size and lung manifestations (author's transl)]. 15 11

The pathogenicity of a strain of simian herpesvirus SA8 in one month old conventional and gnotobiotic baboons was investigated. Intratracheal inoculation resulted in a mortality rate of 1/5 in the conventional and 1/4 in the gnotobiotic group. Disease became apparent after 3 days and was characterized by respiratory distress, reduced formula intake, weight loss and fever in both groups. Isolation of herpesvirus from the respiratory tract, lymphoid organs, kidneys, adrenals, and CNS was more frequent by explant culturing than by routine procedures. Although there was a significant difference in total white blood counts (WBC), with higher values in conventional vs. gnotobiotic infants, the absolute number of lymphocytes was not different. The lower number of WBCs apparently was due to fewer polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the gnotobiotic baboons. Infection resulted in a leukopenia 5 days post infection (p.i.) and a leukocytosis 10 days p.i. in both groups. The animals, which succumbed, had acute necrotizing fibrinous pneumonia. Intranuclear inclusion bodies typical for herpesviruses were present. All the surviving infant baboons had subacute interstitial pneumonia, when sacrificed 35 days p.i.
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PMID:Clinical, virological, and pathological features of herpesvirus SA8 infection in conventional and gnotobiotic infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus). 17 97

A 38-year-old man developed acute respiratory distress several hours after welding cadmium-plated drums without taking precautions against the inhalation of fumes. His respiratory distress worsened over the ensuing three and a half days, and he died. Histological examination of the lungs showed changes of acute cadmium-fume pneumonitis, and chemical analysis of lungs and liver provided confirmatory evidence of considerable absorption of cadmium, of the order previously recorded as causing death. This case is reported so as to renew awareness of this condition, as the cause of the illness was not diagnosed during life.
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PMID:Fatal cadmium-fume pneumonitis. 18 1

This study describes the results of examination of blood cultures from infants born in a community with a high prevalence of fatal amniotic fluid infection. The incidence of first-week neonatal septicaemia was 5.5 per 1000 births. Septicaemia was detected in 38% within 12 hours and 75.6% within 72 hours of birth. The aetiological pattern of the septicaemia was similar to that of fatal amniotic fluid infections. The increase in mortality from septicaemia occurred in infants born after 34 weeks of gestation. Nearly 80% of the infections apparently occurred through intact membranes. Respiratory distress with or without radiological evidence of pneumonia was the only manifestation of septicaemia in most infants under four days of age. Low Apgar scores and multiple apnoeic episodes were more common in infants with septicaemia than in those without septicaemia. Neonatal jaundice with serum bilirubin in excess of 11 mg/dl was more common in septicaemic infants and indicated poor prognosis. Meningitis associated with septicaemia occurred in 3.8% and in all these infants the diagnosis of septicaemia was delayed beyond 72 hours. The results suggest that early recognition and treatment of antenatal bacterial infections may prevent mortality and morbidity from complications of septicaemia such as neonatal apnoea, meningitis and bilirubin encephalopathy.
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PMID:Consequences of amniotic fluid infections: early neonatal septicaemia. 26 66

From a retrospective study at the University of California, San Francisco, Medical Center, it is evident that pneumocystic carinii pneumonia is being seen more frequently as a secondary complication to the use of immunosuppressive drugs. This disease presents with nonspecific respiratory symptoms, therefore a high degree of suspicion and knowledge of the population at risk are necessary for an early diagnosis. Except for x-ray films of the chest, physical and laboratory studies are of minimal diagnostic value. In a patient with compromised immune defenses and respiratory distress, bilateral diffuse reticular infiltrates seen on a film of the chest are highly suggestive of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The diagnosis should be confirmed histologically because a variety of pathogens can cause these findings and each requires a specific treatment. At our institution, open thoracotomy is the method of choice for obtaining a lung biopsy specimen. Pentamidine isothionate is moderately effective against this usually fatal disease, but its effectiveness depends on beginning treatment early in the illness.
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PMID:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children. 30 86

Chest roentgenograms obtained in the first two days of life from 67 infants with respiratory distress were reviewed to determine whether the radiographic features of group B streptococcal septicemia were diagnostic or distinctive. The retrospective review contained 24 infants with proven and 14 with suspected septicemia, as well as 29 patients with other causes of respiratory distress. The films were reviewed in random order by two pediatric radiologists without their prior knowledge of clinical or laboratory data. Typical radiographic appearance of pneumonia was present in only ten of the 24 proven and two of the 14 suspected cases of group B streptococcal sepsis. The radiographic pattern of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was just as common among these patients. The most prominent associated radiographic feature of infants with proven septicemia was cardiomegaly which was significantly increased when compared with infants who had other causes of respiratory distress (P less than .001). X-ray recognition of neonatal group B streptococcal septicemia is limited because of superimposition of roentgen patterns probably related to associated disorders. Pediatrics, 59:1006-1011, 1977, NEWBRON, SEPTICEMIA, GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS.
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PMID:Radiographic findings in early onset neonatal group b streptococcal septicemia. 32 89

8 newborns with early onset group B streptococcal infection and two patients with late onset meningitis were observed during a period of three years. Respiratory distress, early onset of apnoic spells, and roentgenographic signs of hyaline membrane disease or perinatal pneumonia may lead to early diagnosis, especially if shock develops. The fatal course can only be prevented by prompt antibiotic treatment.
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PMID:Group B streptococci: a new threat to the newborn. 33 49

All cases of neonatal bacteraemia associated with clinical illness occurring at Hammersmith Hospital, over a 9-year period, 1967-1975 inclusive, have been reviewed. The infants studied were those born in the hospital's maternity unit and those admitted from other hospitals from a wide area round London who were ill or of low birthweight. Positive blood cultures occurred in 91 infants, 47 of them in the first 48 hours of life. These 47 infants were analysed separately and divided into three groups, 13 with group B streptococcal infections, 11 with other Gram-positive infections, and 23 with Gram-negative infections. There were no significant differences in birthweight or gestation, in mortality, in incidence of clinically diagnosed respiratory distress syndrome or recurrent apnoea, or in the need for mechanical ventilation between the three groups. The age at which a diagnosis of infection was suspected, and the age at death were both significantly earlier in the group infected with group B streptococcus than in those obtained with other organisms (P less than 0-01 for both comparisons). There were no significant differences in the incidence of hyaline membrane formation or pneumonia seen at necropsy among the three groups. In some of the earliest deaths in the Gram-negative bacteraemic group, Gram-negative rods comprised the bulk of the hyaline membrane as did cocci in the group B streptoccal group.
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PMID:Early neonatal bacteraemia. Comparison of group B streptococcal, other Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections. 33 83

The chest roentgenograms of 142 neonates who survived mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome (N = 99) and prolonged apnea (N = 43) were reviewed. Thirty-seven infants had bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and 17 of these developed lobar hyperinflation of the right lower lobe and collapse of the right upper lobe. Regional lung function was measured with a xenon 133 technique in three of these infants and in five other patients who either died or were lost to follow-up. All had BPD with right lower lobe overinflation. Ventilation was less in the lower regions than the upper regions bilaterally (P less than .001), indicating that the hyperinflation of the lower lobes was not compensatory for upper lobe collapse but was due to emphysema. Mean regional perfusion was equal in the upper and lower regions of the chest. This preferential distribution of lobaremphysema and ipsilateral atelectasis in BPD tended to present and regress simultaneously, but in many infants it lasted as long as eight weeks. Only one infant with persistent atelectasis developed pneumonia. The best mode of therapy appears to be supportive.
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PMID:Preferential distribution of lobar emphysema and atelectasis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. 37 67


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