Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since april 1957 to april 1986, the Gynecologic Oncologic Unit of San Juan de Dios Hospital, Santiago, registered 255 cases of endometrial carcinoma. 48 cases where clinically etapified because of no previous pelviabdominal surgical exploration in: Stage I: 27 cases (56.3%); II: 6 (12.5%); III: 7 (14.6%); IV: 1 (2.1%). The remainder 207 cases were surgically etapified: I: 155 cases (74.9%); II: 10 (4.83%); III: 31 (14.92%) and IV: 11 cases (5.32%). Fourteen patients of the first group and 2 of the second one received palliative therapy. Primary therapy was performed with curative intention in 237 cases (34 clinically etapified and 203 surgically etapified). Stage I: 181 cases (76.37%), (26 clinical, 155 surgical); Stage II: 16 (4.92%). (6.10); Stage III: 31 (14.33%), (2.29) and Stage IV: 9 cases (4.4%), (0 + 9). Four different kinds of therapies were performed: A: only surgery in 153 cases (65%); B: surgery plus radiation in 49 (21%); C: radiation plus surgery in 20 cases (8.44%) and D: only radiation in: 15 cases (6.33%). Five years survival with no evidence of disease (SNFD) in 116 cases (70.04% of the 237 patients), and 58 cases (24.47%) died by endometrial cancer; 11 (4.64%) by intercurrent disease and 2 (0.84%) were lost from follow up. Survivor's distribution was: Stage I: 140 (77.34%); II: 12 (75%); III: 14 (45.16%). Five years survival according to therapy: A: 114 (74.51%); B: 36 (73.5%; C: 15 (75%); D: 1 (8.66%). In Stage I distribution of survivor was: A: 83.1%; B: 74.2%; C: 81.25%; and D: 10%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Endometrial carcinoma. The experience of the Hospital San Juan de Dios]. 136 68

This study, a detailed report of the methods used to conduct the Cancer and Steroid Hormone study, is presented in order to aid other researchers in designing and carrying out multicenter case-control studies. Data collection for the study was carried out by the Division of Reproductive Health of the Centers for Disease Control in 8 locations: Atlanta, Detroit, San Francisco, Seattle, Connecticut, Iowa, New Mexico, and Utah. Case ascertainment, interviewing, and retrieval of pathology slides and medical records were carried out by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results centers of the National Cancer Institute. Cases were women, aged 20-54, newly diagnosed for breast, ovarian or endometrial cancer between December 1, 1980, and December 31, 1982 -- 20 years after the 1st sales of oral contraceptives in the US. Controls were women aged 20-54, selected by random digit dialing of households with telephones. 1 control was selected for each breast cancer case of matching age and geographic location. Interviewers were trained and administered standardized questionnaires to determine medical, reproductive, and oral contraceptive use histories. To aid in accuracy of recall, respondents recorded dates of major life events in a women's health study calendar. They were also given color photographs of all oral contraceptives marketed in the US. Field personnel collected slides of ovarian and endometrial cancers. Slides of benign breast lesions reported by both cases and controls were collected, as were medical records of women who reported diagnoses of infertility or loss of one or both ovaries. 80% of the breast cancer cases, 70% of the ovarian, and 74% of the endometrial cancer cases were interviewed, as were 83% of the controls. Only 2%, 7%, and 6% of the interviews for the breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers respectively failed to match the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. Retrieval for expert review of the pathology slides of recently diagnosed ovarian or endometrial cancer was 97% and 95%. Retrieval of pathologic proof of benign breast disease, infertility diagnoses, and ovary removal was high for the period after 1970 but low for conditions reported to have occurred before 1950. The study concludes that Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results tumor registry records are an excellent source for cancer epidemiology data; that random digit dialing is an effective source of controls; that histologic specimen slides can be retrieved to confirm over 95% of cancer cases interviewed; and that data reported during interviews can be substantiated by medical records for over 75% of study participants.
 ...
PMID:The evaluation of the data collection process for a multicenter, population-based, case-control design. 265 57

Data from the Cancer and Steroid Hormone study was used to evaluate the effect o cigarette smoking on the risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer. This multicenter, population-based case-control study of oral contraceptive (OC) use and ovarian, breast, and endometrial cancer enrolled women between December 1, 1980, and December 31, 1982, in 8 geographic areas: Atlanta, Detroit, San Francisco, and Seattle; the states of Connecticut, Iowa, and New Mexico; and the 4 urban counties of Utah. Eligible cases were women 20-54 years old first diagnosed as having ovarian cancer of any histologic type which was ascertained through population-based tumor registries in the above-mentioned areas during the study interval. Interviews were completed with 579 of the eligible cases (71.0%). The study controls were women 20-54 years of age selected by telephoning randomly selected phone numbers of households in the same geographic areas as the cases. 4754 of those selected were interviewed. A standard questionnaire was administered to participants in their homes by trained interviewers. Women who had never smoked a total of 100 cigarettes to be nonsmokers in this analysis. Age, parity, and ever-use of OCs (for 3 or more consecutive months) were considered to be potentially confounding factors because they are known to be associated with smoking. Women with epithelial ovarian cancer were more likely than controls to be white, nulliparous, to have used OCs, and to have had a natural menopause. Women who had ever smoked cigarettes had the same risk of epithelial ovarian cancer as women who had never smoked; this was the case when current smoking and past smoking were considered. There was a slightly reduced risk of ovarian cancer among women who had stopped smoking 10 or more years earlier, but the association was not statistically significant. Cumulative lifetime exposure to cigarette smoking categorized by increasing pack-years showed no statistically significant dose effect. Among smokers, no significant linear trend was present when pack-years was used as a continuous variable. No effect of latency was found. The age that a woman began smoking had no effect on ovarian cancer risk. Stratification of the data according to age, race, education, parity, OC use, infertility, noncontraceptive estrogen use, menopausal status, alcohol use, obesity, and family history of ovarian cancer did not reveal any appreciably different effects of smoking on ovarian cancer risk in different subgroups of women. Likelihood ratio tests revealed no statistically significant interactions.
 ...
PMID:Cigarette smoking and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. 359 76

San Diego gynecologists were surveyed to determine 1985 prescribing patterns and indications for postmenopausal estrogens. More than 75% of the 103 respondents indicated that they prescribed estrogen for at least 75% of their recently postmenopausal patients, usually for a prolonged period. The dose and duration of estrogen were those recommended to prevent osteoporosis, which was given by all but one physician as a major indication for estrogen use. Only five gynecologists prescribed estrogen without a progestin, which was added primarily to reduce the risk of estrogen-associated endometrial cancer. These data suggest that San Diego gynecologists are well informed about the risks and benefits of estrogen-replacement therapy and are less concerned about the paucity of data concerning long-term progestin use in older women.
 ...
PMID:Postmenopausal estrogens--current prescribing patterns of San Diego gynecologists. 371 27

The incidence of endometrial cancer in the San Francisco area between 1969 and 1979 is compared to trends in estrogen sales and prescriptions. Both estrogen use and endometrial cancer incidence increased steadily until 1975 and then decreased significantly. The data support the previously documented association between endometrial cancer and estrogen use, but suggest that short-term usage may carry only slightly increased risk which can be eliminating entirely upon termination of therapy.
 ...
PMID:The decreasing incidence of endometrial cancer: public health implications. 705 25

Dr. David Grimes, professor and vice-chair of the Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, spoke to the American Medical Association's Thirteenth Annual Science Reporters Conference in Seattle on November 7, concerning the health benefits of taking oral contraceptives. The risk of getting ovarian cancer decreases the longer the pill is used; this protection lasts at least 15 years after use has ended. Women who take the pill for a decade or longer reduce their risk of developing this cancer by 80%. The pill reduces the risk of endometrial cancer by as much as 50%; the protection is strongest in those at highest risk and lasts at least 15 years after use. The pill cuts the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease in half. The danger of ectopic or tubal pregnancy is reduced by 90%. By reducing menstrual flows, oral contraceptives increase the quality of life for women and reduce the risk of iron deficiency anemia. The progestin present in oral contraceptives substantially reduces the risk of benign breast disease. Oral contraceptives may protect against toxic shock syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis. A Gallup poll conducted in 1985 and early this year indicates gross misinformation and confusion about the pill among American women. While the pill should not be "pushed" on women by physicians, patients should be educated about the beneficial effects of taking the pill.
 ...
PMID:Report: the pill's health benefits appear to far outweigh its risks. 789 51

At the gynecologic clinic of San Francisco General Hospital in California, 18 women aged 27-44 who had used Norplant contraceptive implants for the full 5 years of effectiveness and who had at least 1 year of recurrent episodes of vaginal bleeding agreed to have an endometrial biopsy and a venipuncture for determination of serum estradiol, progesterone, and levonorgestrel levels. Investigators wanted to learn whether hormonal factors contributed to abnormal bleeding patterns in women who had used levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implants for 5 years. At the time of biopsy and venipuncture, 13 (72%) women had normal bleeding patterns. Two women had no apparent follicular activity. Six other women (44%) had a low estradiol level (i.e., 100 pg/ml). 14 women (77%) had no signs of luteal development (i.e., progesterone level 3 ng/ml). None of the women had hyperplastic endometrium. The endometrial index was used to describe endometrial histology and ranged from secretory to proliferated characteristics of the endometrium. It differed significantly between Norplant users with normal bleeding and those with abnormal bleeding (0.32 [a mixture of secretory and proliferative characteristics, but especially secretory characteristics] vs. 0.9 [close to full proliferation of the endometrium]; p 0.01). Serum estradiol, progesterone, and levonorgestrel levels were not significantly different between the two groups. These findings suggest that a proliferative endometrium, rather than sex steroid levels, was linked to abnormal bleeding. Thus, abnormal bleeding among long-term Norplant users is probably not a risk factor for developing endometrial cancer.
 ...
PMID:Serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and levonorgestrel are not determinants of endometrial histology or abnormal bleeding in long-term Norplant implant users. 883 86

Endometrial adenocarcinoma is the leading cause of malignancy of the female genital tract. Prognosis of this tumor, which has implications on patient management, is determined by evaluation of the stage of disease, architectural grade, nuclear grade, myometrial invasion, and peritoneal cytology. These parameters have inherent subjectivity and, therefore, the search for an objective reliable parameter to determine prognosis is required. DNA ploidy is under investigation as an objective and reproducible prognostic parameter. This study will evaluate the role of DNA ploidy and its relationship to the traditional parameters as predictors of prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma. Fifty-eight patients were evaluated by two observers for architectural grade according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification, nuclear grade, and depth of myometrial invasion. DNA ploidy was evaluated using flow cytometer (FACscan, Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA). Histologic parameters were than compared with DNA ploidy. Survival data were obtained from the tumor registry. Results of patient survival were compared with histologic parameters and DNA ploidy. Higher nuclear grade and aneuploidy correlated with poor survival rate (P <.05). Higher nuclear grade correlated with aneuploidy. The survival of patients with architectural grade 2 (moderately differentiated) endometrial adenocarcinoma is poorer if the tumor is aneuploid as compared with diploid as determined by flow cytometry. In conclusion, aneuploidy and nuclear grade correlates with poor patient survival. The poorer survival rates with aneuploid architectural grade 2 endometrial adenocarcinoma may have an impact on clinical management.
 ...
PMID:Role of DNA ploidy analysis in endometrial adenocarcinoma. 1159 54

This study examines the association between dietary patterns and endometrial cancer risk. A case-control study of endometrial cancer was conducted from 1996 to 1999 in the San Francisco Bay Area in white, African-American, and Latina women age 35-79. Dietary patterns were defined using a principal components analysis; scoring dietary intake based on correspondence to a Mediterranean-style diet; and by jointly categorizing intake of fruits/vegetables and dietary fat. Four dietary patterns were identified and labeled "plant-based," "western," "ethnic," and "phytoestrogen-rich." None of these dietary patterns nor adherence to a Mediterranean diet (to the extent consumed by this population) was associated with endometrial cancer risk. However, among non-users of supplements, greater consumption of the "western" dietary pattern was associated with a 60% increase in risk (95% CI: 0.95-2.7 per unit change; P-interaction = 0.10). A diet characterized by high fat consumption increased risk, regardless of fruit and vegetable consumption (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.97-2.1 for high fat, low fruit/vegetable intake and OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.95-2.1 for high fat, high fruit/vegetable intake compared to low fat, high fruit/vegetable intake). Thus, while like others we found that dietary fat increases endometrial cancer risk, the evaluation of dietary patterns did not provide any additional information regarding risk.
 ...
PMID:Dietary patterns, Mediterranean diet, and endometrial cancer risk. 1763 5

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in men and women in the United States. Reproductive factors and steroid hormones have been suspected risk factors for many years, but the results from epidemiologic studies to date have been inconclusive. CYP17A1 encodes cytochrome P450c17alpha, an enzyme with 17alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities in estradiol biosynthesis. A polymorphism in the 5'UTR promoter region of CYP17A1-34T/C(A1/A2) has been associated with circulating estrogens in premenopausal women and with susceptibility to breast, prostate, and endometrial cancer. Questionnaire data and germline DNA collected in a San Francisco Bay Area population-based case-control study of pancreatic cancer (cases = 532, controls = 1701) were used to conduct analyses of pancreatic cancer susceptibility related to the CYP17A1 polymorphism and whether effects associated with smoking and reproductive risk factors were modified by this polymorphism. Mass spectrometry- and TaqMan-based methods were used to determine CYP17A1 genotypes in DNA samples from 308 cases and 964 controls. Results showed that carriers of the A2 allele (vs. A1/A1) were significantly less likely to have been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (A1/A2, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.58-1.0; A2/A2, OR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.42-0.93; p-trend = 0.01). ORs for CYP17A1 genotypes did not differ by sex, but the observed inverse association was stronger in postmenopausal women. ORs for smoking and pancreatic cancer were not modified by CYP17A1 genotype. Our results suggest that the CYP17A1 A2 allele may be associated with a lower risk of pancreatic cancer in both men and women.
 ...
PMID:Genetic variation in CYP17A1 and pancreatic cancer in a population-based case-control study in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. 1964 97


1 2 Next >>