Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The course of development of the human genital tract is undifferentiated up to the 9th week (32 mm). At this time both Wolffian (mesonephric) and Mullerian (paramesonephric) ducts are present as symmetric paired structures. These, together with the urogenital sinus and the metanephric ducts, provide the tissue sources for the internal genital and urinary apparatus, exclusive of the gonads and kidneys. Configuration of the oviducts varies among species. Most human anomalies may be represented in other species so that some authors consider them to be atavistic reversions. The gonad of the developing male fetus plays a critical role in the formation of the genital tract. It elaborates androgenic steroids and a polypeptide, a Mullerian inhibiting substance, which induced suppression and resorotion of the Mullerian ducts. In the female the Mullerian ducts grow and develop into their adult morphology while the Wolffian ducts persist only as microscopic islands. The development of the external genitals and secondary sex characteristics depends upon further exposure to androgenic or estrogenic hormone milieu. a case is reported of an instance of congenital absence of the upper vagina. At laparotomy normal sized uterus, tubes, and ovaries were found. Further plastic surgery via the vagina corrected the condition. 15 years later (age 32) it was learned that she had been married and had 3 pregnancies. The adenosis, areas of squamous metaplasia, and deformities of the cervix of girls exposed in utero to diethylestibestrol are examples of deranged development. The shallow depth or absence of the vaginal canal of individuals with testicular feminization are also due to faulty development. Both Mullerian tissue and that of the urogenital sinus origin normally participate in the development of the vagina. In the normal adult the squamous cells that line the vagina contain abundant glycogen indicating urogenital origin. Glycogen-deficient squamous cells and adenosis are thought to be of Mullerian origin. In an accompanying discussion additional details of development are mentioned. It was noted that 7 cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostatic utricle in males have been reported as resembling endometrial carcinoma. The prostatic utricle is a homologue of the uterus and upper vagina and may be involved in similar deranged developments
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PMID:The embryologic development of the human vagina. 103 67

We have established an enzyme immunoassay for placental protein 4 (PP4), by using avidin-biotin binding reaction, and set its normal range below 10.9 ng/ml (mean + 2 sigma). Throughout the menstrual cycle, the serum PP4 profile was similar to that of serum progesterone. In the follicular and ovulatory phase, PP4 remained relatively low, with the mean levels of 1.5 ng/ml and 1.8 ng/ml, respectively. In the luteal phase, the mean level was 3.2 ng/ml. In normal pregnancy, serum PP4 levels were low irrespective of gestational age, with a mean level of 3.0 ng/ml. There was only one case in which the serum PP4 level over 10.9 ng/ml. Mean serum PP4 levels and the frequencies of elevated serum PP4 levels were respectively 6.3 ng/ml and 11% in patients with benign ovarian neoplasms, 4.7 ng/ml and 6% in patients with endometriosis, and 5.5 ng/ml and 18% in patients with uterine myomata. The frequency of raised PP4 levels was 48% and the mean value was 13.3 ng/ml in patients with endometrial carcinoma, and the values were 44% and 13.4 ng/ml respectively in patients with cervical carcinoma. In patients with ovarian malignancy, the respective values were 15% and 7.0 ng/ml. The results did not relate to clinical stages of disease (FIGO), while the frequencies of elevated serum PP4 in patients with uterine carcinoma was over 40% in stage I diseases. Compared with other tumor markers such as carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125), PP4 seems to be more promising as a marker of endometrial carcinoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Enzyme immunoassay for placental protein 4 (PP4) and its possible diagnostic significance in patients with genital tract cancer. 214 5

The concomitant occurrence of neuropeptide-reactive endometrial carcinoma and ileal carcinoid tumor represents an observation that has been unreported until now. We have seen two patients with this rare combination of tumors. The endometrial carcinomas in these cases manifested focal immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase; in addition, one contained rare cells showing positive staining for gastrin, and the other displayed focal content of substance P. The carcinoid tumors seen in each case demonstrated immunocytochemical positivity for neuron-specific enolase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and one also exhibited immunoreactivity for gastrin. Whether this association of neoplasms represents a syndromic complex or a coincidence is a matter of speculation at present.
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PMID:Concomitant neuropeptide-producing endometrial carcinomas and ileal carcinoid tumors. 242 Jan 66

As to endometrial cancer and endometrial hyperplasia, this study represents the localizations of the placental proteins and the tumor-associated antigens by both immunohistochemical light microscopy (ILM) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). The reagents examined include human placental lactogen (HPL), placental alkaline phosphatase (PAP), pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1), alpha 1-anti-trypsin (alpha-AT), and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA). The tumor cells stained for HPL are localized and the SP1-positive cancer cells are almost entirely restricted to an infiltrating front. alpha-AT is shown in both tumor cells with marked cellular atypism and ones in deeply infiltrating foci. The immunoreactive frequency for the above six reagents in endometrial cancer is higher than that in endometrial hyperplasia. In endometrial cancer, the high frequency of an immunoreaction is confirmed in TPA (p less than 0.05). The combined stainings, i.e. either for TPA and SP1 or for TPA and PAPP-A, are efficient immunohistochemical screening methods to use in diagnosing endometrial cancer in the biopsied specimens (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of placental proteins and tumor-associated antigens in endometrial cancer and endometrial hyperplasia. 244 80

Seven tumour markers, i.e. squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), neopterin, C-reactive protein (CRP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and deoxythymidine kinase (TK) were analysed in sera from 104 women with benign and 61 women with malignant gynecologic diseases, in order to create tumour marker panels for various gynecologic malignancies, for monitoring and prediction of disease development. The incidence of elevated tumour marker levels, in cervical carcinoma was 78% when SCC, CA 125 and CEA were used. In ovarian carcinoma one of the markers CA 125, TPA and CEA was elevated in 91% and for endometrial carcinoma the best combination of markers was SCC, CA 125 and CEA (57%). No individual marker was superior to the above combinations. However, in patients with a fatal outcome of their malignant gynecologic disease (mean survival time from serum sampling was 16 months), the incidence of death was highest among those who had TPA elevated (91%) followed by neopterin (86%) and CRP (76%). Although intercurrent diseases affected tumour marker levels the markers picked up a majority of patients with a poor prognosis. This demonstrates the importance of interpreting tumour marker results against a background of detailed clinical information.
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PMID:Evaluation of seven different tumour markers for the establishment of tumour marker panels in gynecologic malignancies. 262 71

Recently, tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) has become of general interest as one of the new tumor-related antigens. In this study, TPA was measured mainly in patients with various gynecological malignancies by radioimmunoassay, and serum TPA levels above 110u/l were considered pathological. The serum TPA level in normal women was 66 +/- 21 u/l (mean +/- S.D.) and the positive rate was 0 percent. Serum TPA levels in patients with cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and uterine sarcoma (181 +/- 262, 117 +/- 49, 217 +/- 215, 142 +/- 49u/l) and positive rates (55, 40, 53, 75 percent) were significantly higher than those in normal women. Serum TPA levels in patients with advanced or recurrent diseases had a tendency to show highly positive. In all of 13 patients with positive TPA, serum TPA levels were significantly reduced and turned negative after the appropriate treatments. However, among our follow-up patients, serum TPA levels were often positive even when there was no clinical evidence of recurrence. Conclusion; serum TPA measurement could be a useful subordinate tumor marker in many patients with gynecological malignancies, even though careful judgement is necessary to interpret positive TPA.
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PMID:[Clinical significances of tissue polypeptide antigen in patients with gynecological malignancies]. 300 Dec 1

We studied the pretreatment serum levels of 6 tumor markers in gynecological patients with and without malignant disease. The tumor markers were carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), ferritin, Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1), Schwangerschaftsprotein 3 (SP3) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125). The results were as follows: (1) Serum CA125 and TPA levels were raised in 81% and 57% of patients with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma; CEA and SP3, in 52% and 43% respectively of patients with ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma; CA125, TPA and SP3, in 76%, 48% and 48% respectively of patients with other ovarian malignancies; and TPA and SP3, in 56% and 40% respectively of patients with endometrial carcinoma. (2) Serum levels of TPA, ferritin and CA125 were more often raised with advancing stages of malignant disease. (3) Serum TPA levels were elevated in 55% of patients with stage I endometrial carcinoma, and serum SP3 levels were elevated in 35% of patients with a stage I malignant ovarian neoplasm and in 45% of patients with endometrial carcinoma. (4) One of the 6 tumor markers showed a raised level in 84% of patients with gynecologic malignancy as against 56% in those with benign gynecologic diseases.
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PMID:Serum levels of six tumor markers in patients with benign and malignant gynecological disease. 340 Oct 42

Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) was measured by radioimmunoassay in sera from patients with various gynecologic tumors: 64 uterine myomas, 129 cervical cancers, 31 endometrial cancers, and 173 ovarian tumors (89 benign, 18 low-grade malignant (LGM) and 66 malignant tumors). Among the cervical cancer patients, the incidence of elevated TPA levels increased with stage of disease from 12% in the preinvasive stage to 67% in the advanced stage. Similarly, the TPA values were elevated in 35% of the endometrial cancer patients. Among the patients with ovarian malignancies, serum TPA was elevated in the following order: LGM cases (33%), Stage I (44%), and advanced (88%). Serum TPA values varied directly with the stage and malignancy of disease, and also correlated with the effect of treatment. However, serum TPA was elevated in 22% of the patients with uterine myoma and in 12% of those with ovarian benign tumors. The current observations demonstrate that the lack of tumor specificity of TPA limits its diagnostic value in gynecologic malignancies, but that serial measurements of this antigen appear to be useful for the evaluation of therapy and monitoring of patients.
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PMID:The clinical value of tissue polypeptide antigen in patients with gynecologic tumors. 399 74

Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) was measured by radioimmunoassay in sera from 413 patients with various gynecologic tumors. The distribution of positive values (greater than 102 U/l) in the patients with gynecologic malignancies was such that the percentage of patients with elevated values appeared to increase with advancing stages of disease. Among the cervical cancer patients, elevated TPA values were observed in 11% of preinvasive, 35% of stage I and 67% of advanced cases. Similarly, the TPA values were elevated in 35% of the endometrial cancer patients. Among the patients with ovarian malignancies, serum TPA was elevated in 33% of borderline, 47% of stage I and 86% of advanced cases. However, serum TPA was elevated in 21% of patients with uterine myomas and in 12% of those with ovarian benign tumors. The serial measurements of TPA in sera of the patients with gynecologic malignancies showed that serum TPA levels correlated with the effect of treatment and the clinical courses. The present observations demonstrate that the lack of tumor specificity of TPA limits its diagnostic value in gynecologic malignancies but that serial measurements of this antigen appear to be useful for monitoring of patients.
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PMID:[Tissue polypeptide antigen as a tumor marker for gynecologic malignancies]. 405 29

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic significance of serum tumor markers in patients with gynecological malignancies and to evaluate the usefulness of the markers in the follow-up after primary treatment. Determined were tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI). Serum samples from 200 patients with cervical cancer, 206 patients with endometrial cancer, and 254 patients with ovarian cancer were analyzed. With regard to specificity, CEA and PHI exhibited false positive rates below 10% in normal controls (N = 96). For TPA, the same result was obtained only by using 120 U/l as a cut-off level. As for sensitivity, positive rates above 50% prior to therapy were demonstrated by PHI and TPA in ovarian cancer as well as CEA in cervical cancer. All three tumor markers showed some decline in positiveness after primary therapy. In ovarian cancer the decline of PHI and TPA strongly correlates with the achievable tumor resection. During the follow-up, all markers demonstrated some discriminatory power by comparing patients with recurrent disease versus recurrence free. Especially PHI and TPA in ovarian cancer, CEA in cervical cancer, and PHI in endometrial cancer seem to be the most suitable markers.
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PMID:Clinical significance of different serum tumor markers in gynecological malignancies. 406 31


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