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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cost effectiveness of estrogen use in postmenopausal women was analyzed with use of data from the medical and epidemiologic literature. Risks of endometrial cancer, uterine bleeding, and gallbladder disease were weighed against benefits associated with relief of menopausal symptoms and with prevention of osteoporosis and consequent fractures. Net effects on life expectancy are probably small in either direction, although they are likely to be positive in women with existing osteoporosis or prior hysterectomy. Treatment appears to be relatively cost effective in menopausal women with prior hysterectomy or osteoporosis but does not appear to be cost effective as a prophylactiv measure in asymptomatic women with intact uteri. For women with menopausal symptoms and intact uteri, the decision to prescribe estrogens for the individual patient and the cost effectiveness of estrogen use at the societal level depend critically on the subjective values assigned to symptomatic relief.
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PMID:Estrogen use in postmenopausal women--costs, risks, and benefits. 677 Feb 70

The Second Asian Regional Workshop on Injectable Contraceptives held in Thailand in November 1981 discussed many scientific aspects of the use of injectable contraceptives, including depot medroxyprogesterone acetate--Depo-Provera (DMPA), norethisterone oenanthate--Norigest (Net-Oen), and newer techniques such as microcapsules and subdermal implants. Injectable contraceptives are applicable for use in both developed and developing countries because they are highly effective, safe, and can be made readily available especially in areas where couples may not have access to other similarly effective methods. Injectables act primarily by temporary inhibition of ovulation. Menstrual disturbances may occur but do not pose health hazards. Delay in return of regular menstrual periods and fertility following discontinuation of DMPA averages about 6 months; the delay is somewhat less for Net-Oen. Side effects are minor and there are no observed clinically significant hormonal or metabolic disturbances. Lactation is not affected and inadvertent administration in pregnant women does not cause congenital abnormalities in the offspring. The long duration of action frees women from the responsibility of pill taking. There has never been any mortality or serious morbidity associated with DMPA and Net-Oen, and there are very few contraindications to their use. The carcinogenic potential in humans have never been established. On the contrary, DMPA may even have a protective effect against endometrial cancer, as it is used to treat this disease. DMPA is currently being used in more than 80 developed and developing countries, but not in the U.S. The ban in the U.S. has caused undue concern among women and health care professionals in developing countries, and has resulted in international criticism that the U.S. practices a "double standard" and that drugs are being "dumped" in unsuspecting Third World countries. The Workshop recommends that continued research and surveillance be carried out to monitor the long-term safety of these drugs. The Workshop members endorse injectable contraceptives as safe and effective and recommend that they be made available to all women.
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PMID:Injectable contraceptives: safe and effective. 1226 96

This study was designed to elucidate the signal transduction mechanisms, mediating the antiproliferative effects of analogs of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) on cell lines derived from human cancers of the ovary (EFO-21, EFO-27) and the endometrium (HEC-1A, Ishikawa). The LHRH agonist triptorelin had no measurable effects on the activity of phospholipase C, protein kinase C, or adenylate cyclase in all 4 cell lines, though these enzymes could be activated through pharmacological stimuli. The proliferation of EFO-21, EFO-27 and HEC-1A cells in serum/phenol red-free medium was significantly stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF). This mitogenic effect of EGF was dose dependently antagonized by triptorelin, without affecting the concentrations of EGF receptors. Net tyrosine phosphorylation induced by 1 nM EGF was nearly completely suppressed by simultaneous addition of 10 mu M triptorelin or preincubation for 48 h with 100 nM triptorelin. This inhibitory effect of the LHRH agonist on EGF-induced net tyrosine phosphorylation was partly antagonized by exposure to 100 mu M sodium vandate, an inhibitor of phosphotyrosine phosphatase. In EFO-21, EFO-27, and HEC-1A cells exposure to 100 nM EGF for 5 min induced an approximately 5-fold increase in activity of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAP-kinase)/extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) which was virtually nullified, when the cells were exposed for 15 min to 10 mu M triptorelin. These data suggest that LHRH signal transduction mechanisms based on the activation of phospholipase C, protein kinase C, and adenylate cyclase, which operate in the pituitary gonadotroph, are not necessarily involved in the mediation of the antiproliferative effects of triptorelin in these ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines. Instead our findings support the hypothesis that triptorelin interferes with mitogenic signal transduction, probably through antagonizing tyrosine kinase activity of the EGF receptor.
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PMID:Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist triptorelin antagonizes signal transduction and mitogenic activity of epidermal growth factor in human ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines. 2154 21