Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are structurally diverse non-steroidal compounds that bind to oestrogen receptors and produce oestrogen agonist effects in some tissues and oestrogen antagonist effects in others. SERMs are being evaluated for a number of oestrogen-related diseases, including post-menopausal osteoporosis, hormone-dependent cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Several compounds that exhibit a SERM profile are currently available for clinical use, including clomiphene, tamoxifen, and toremifene (which are triphenylethylenes) and raloxifene (a benzothiophene). Clomiphene is used for the induction of ovulation in sub-fertile women attempting pregnancy. Tamoxifen and toremifene are both used to treat breast cancer. Tamoxifen may have beneficial effects on bone mineral density and serum lipids. The effects of toremifene on serum lipids are similar to that of tamoxifen. Both compounds have stimulatory effects on the endometrium. Raloxifene, indicated for the treatment and prevention of post-menopausal osteoporosis, has beneficial effects on bone mineral density and serum lipids, but does not increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia or endometrial cancer. Recently, raloxifene was shown to reduce the incidence of vertebral fractures in otherwise healthy women with osteoporosis; in the same study, a reduced incidence of breast cancer was also observed. Similar to oestrogens, SERMs increase the incidence of venous thromboembolism. Several newer compounds that exhibit a SERM profile are also in clinical development, including other triphenylethylenes (droloxifene, idoxifene) and benzothiophenes (LY353381.HCl), benzopyrans (EM-800), and naphthalenes (CP-336,156).
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PMID:A pharmacological review of selective oestrogen receptor modulators. 1087 66

The median survival of women with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer is less than one year. Of the women with early stage endometrial cancer and poor prognostic factors like high grade or deep myometrial invasion, 40% will recur. Over the last decade, incredible strides have been taken in evaluating systemic therapy for this disease, however, survival rates remain poor. Progestin therapy offers a 10 - 20% response rate and survival of less than one year. Progestins are most effective in women with well-differentiated tumours and long disease-free interval. There is no role for adjuvant progestin therapy in early stage disease. Single-agent chemotherapy with most activity include ifosfamide, cisplatin/carboplatin, doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Combination chemotherapy provides a response rate of 40 - 60%, however, median survival is still less than a year. New areas of research include the identification and evaluation of new active endocrine therapies (i.e., LY-353381.HCl and letrozole), chemotherapeutics (i.e., paclitaxel), evaluating chemotherapeutic agents in combination (i.e., paclitaxel, doxorubicin and platinum), in addition to radiation or instead of radiation. New avenues under development involve the specific molecules and pathways responsible for the initiation and growth of endometrial carcinoma (i.e., Herceptintrade mark). Exciting developments in the understanding of the molecules involved in tumour development and metastasis will allow the development of specific and selective inhibitors.
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PMID:Novel strategies for systemic treatment of endometrial cancer. 1109 56

The median survival of women with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer is less than one year. Only half the women with early stage endometrial cancer and poor prognostic factors such as high grade or deep myometrial invasion will survive for 5 years. Over the past decade, incredible strides have been taken in evaluating systemic therapy for this disease. However, survival rates remain poor. A literature search was conducted using CANCERLIT, EMBASE, Medline, Investigational Drug database (Current Drug Ltd.) and R&D Focus (IMSworld Publications). The references of the articles were also explored. Search terms included: endometrial cancer, chemotherapy, endocrine/hormonal therapies, molecular biologics, and specific drug names. Progestin therapy offers a 10-20% response rate and survival of less than 1 year. Progestins are most effective in women with well-differentiated tumours and a long disease-free interval. There is no role for adjuvant progestin therapy in early stage disease. Single-agent chemotherapy with the most activity includes ifosfamide, cisplatin/carboplatin, doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Combination chemotherapy provides a response rate of 40-60%; however, median survival is still less than a year. New areas of research include the identification and evaluation of new active endocrine therapies (i.e. LY353381.HCl and letrozole), chemotherapeutics (i.e. herceptin), evaluating chemotherapeutic agents in combination (i.e. paclitaxel, doxorubicin and platinum), in addition to radiation or instead of radiation. New avenues under development involve the specific molecules and pathways responsible for the initiation and growth of endometrial carcinoma, including: tumour suppressor genes, DNA mismatch repair genes, oncogenes, molecules involved in adhesion and invasion and angiogenesis. Further significant advances in radiotherapy, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy are unlikely. Exciting developments in understanding the molecules involved in tumour development and metastasis will allow the development of specific and selective inhibitors.
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PMID:Current status and future innovations of hormonal agents, chemotherapy and investigational agents in endometrial cancer. 1180 79