Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 1029 dilatation-and-curettage operations carried out in a 12-month period, more than half were in women aged under 40, and 38% were for menstrual disturbances. The yield of intrauterine disease in these groups was low--curettage for post-menopausal bleeding or discharge in 150 women detected 15 endomettrial carcinomas and a similar number of other endometrial lesions. The complication-rate resulting from curettage was 1.7%--i.e., equivalent to the overall rate of detection of endometrial carcinoma. Selection of patients submitted to uterine curettage could be better, but postmenopausal bleeding remains an indication for mandatory uterine curettage.
Lancet 1978 Sep 09
PMID:Critical assessment of dilatation and curettage in 1029 women. 7 28

The treatment regimens are described in 74 patients with endometrial disease among 850 climacteric women receiving oestrogen therapy. Cystic hyperplasia was associated with unopposed oestrogen therapy without progestagen. Two courses of 21 days of 5 mg norethisterone daily caused reversion to normal in all 57 cases of cystic hyperplasia and 6 of the 8 cases of atypical hyperplasia. 4 cases of endometrial carcinoma referred from elsewhere demonstrated the problems of inappropriate and unsupervised unopposed oestrogen therapy and the difficulty in distinguishing severe hyperplasia from malignancy. Cyclical low-dose oestrogen therapy with 7--13 days of progestagen does not seem to increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma.
Lancet 1979 Sep 01
PMID:Prevention and treatment of endometrial disease in climacteric women receiving oestrogen therapy. 8 11

Between January 1969, and August 1975, 40 patients with pathologic Stage II carcinoma of the endometrium were treated at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy. The treatment policy included external and intracavitary irradiation combined with surgery. The majority of patients received 4000 mg/hours of radium exposure using a Fletcher-Suit applicator and 4000 rad whole pelvis external irradiation, followed by hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy. Median age of the patients was 61 years (39--88) and the median follow-up of the patients still alive was 69 months (29--102). Relapse-free 5-year survival corrected for intercurrent disease was 83% and uncorrected, 78%. Overall survival was 80%. Five patients had relapsing disease, three patients failed at distant sites only, one patient died of treatment related complications, and two failed locally and distantly. There were no failures in the pelvis alone. Although the relationshop between histologic grade and failure is not statistically significant, there were four failures among the 12 Grade III patients compared to two failures in 27 with Grades I and II. Similarly, 4 of 12 patients with gross cervical involvement developed relapsing disease, but only 2 of 28 failed with microscopic cervical involvement. This treatment policy yields excellent survival and continues to be our treatment recommendation.
Cancer 1978 Sep
PMID:Combined irradiation and surgery in the treatment of stage II carcinoma of the endometrium. 10 Feb 5

Sera from cancer patients and healthy individuals, obtained from two independent sources, were examined for their abilities to react with herpes simplex virus-associated tumor antigens, AG-4 and NVA-TAA (nonvirion antigen-tumor-associated antigen). Both antigens were prepared by infection of HEp-2 cells with herpes simplex virus type 2, and all antigen-antibody interactions were measured by the micro-complement fixation test. Of sera from 16 patients with cancer of the uterine cervix, 81% (P less than 0.01) reacted with NVA-TAA, whereas 78% (P less than 0.001) of 18 sera examined reacted with AG-4. These values differed significantly from those for normal sera, of which 14% reacted with NVA-TAA and 13% with AG-4. Of sera for 8 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck or vulva, 75% (P less than 0.02) reacted with NVA-TAA, whereas 63% (P less than 0.05) reacted with AG-4. As a group, other cancers (including adenocarcinoma of lung, breast, ovary, and cervix; liposarcoma; sarcoma; melanoma; and carcinoma of the endometrium) did not differ significantly from controls in reactive patterns with AG-4 or NVA-TAA. These studies partly supported the reported preferential reactivity of AG-4 and NVA-TAA with sera of patients with squamous cell carcinoma, especially of the uterine cervix.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1976 Sep
PMID:Comparative diagnostic aspects of herpes simplex virus tumor-associated antigens. 18 98

Initial evidence suggested that estrogen therapy increases the risk of endometrial carcinoma. It was then suggested that some studies may have exaggerated the hazard of estrogen therapy by including patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia among those having endometrial carcinoma. Three internationally recognized pathologists reviewed the histology slides available from the Ziel and Finkle study, which originally reported a risk ratio of 7.6 for estrogen users. At least one of the pathologists concurred with the original diagnosis in all but one case. Furthermore, all pathologists aggreed that 74 per cent (66/89) were correctly diagnosed. In the 66 patients with unanimous diagnosis, 61 per cent (40/66) had used conjugated estrogens, versus 57 per cent (54/94) in the original study. On the basis of 66 patients and 132 matched controls, the revised risk-ratio estimate is 8.1 (with a one-sided 95 per cent lower confidence limit of 4.5), validating the original estimate.
N Engl J Med 1977 Sep 15
PMID:Estrogen and endometrial carcinoma. An independent pathology review supporting original risk estimate. 19 95

A matched pairs analysis of 130 cases of endometrial cancer was undertaken to determine the relationship between post-menopausal estrogen treatment and endometrial cancer. 90% of the cases were in FIGO stage I, 6.9% stage II, and 2.3% stage III. The matching took place according to a wide range of criteria, e.g. age at menopause, age at diagnosis, no. of births, weight, etc., within certain tolerances. After the matching was finished, the information on estrogen use was collated, and the relative risk (RR) for various estrogen preparations was calculated according to the length of estrogen treatment. The number of estrogen users was smaller among the women with endometrial cancer than among the control group (p .01); the RR of endometrial cancer does not increase with estrogen use (RR=.44). The same held true when conjugated estrogens, estriol, estradiol, estrogen-androgen preparations, and ovulation inhibitors were considered separately (.05 p . 05). The RR of endometrial cancer does not increase with the length of estrogen treatment. It was also observed that the RR of endometrial cancer was significantly lower (p .01-.001) among women with predisposing factors such as hypertension, obesity, and nulligravidity. This suggests that the risk of endometrial cancer is not increased by estrogen treatment.
Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1978 Sep
PMID:[Estrogen therapy and carcinoma of the endometrium (author's transl)]. 21 85

Using a sensitive enzyme immunoassay, carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase (CPAP) was determined in sera of 1266 patients with gyneocological cancers. All these patients were referred after initial surgical treatment elsewhere. There were 95 patients with evidence of disease at the time of the study and 1171 without evidence of disease. Of the 95 patients with active disease, 47 were treated for ovarian carcinoma, 36 for carcinoma of the cervix and 12 for endometrial carcinoma. Raised levels of CPAP were seen in 40% of patients with ovarian carcinoma, in 22% with carcinoma of the cervix and in 41% in the small group with endometrial carcinoma. In patients without evidence of disease, raised levels of CPAP were seen in 12% of patients with carcinoma of the cervix, in 6% of endometrial carcinoma and only in 2% of patients with carcinoma of the ovary. Therefore it was considered that in the latter group CPAP studies would prove of some value. In the group of patients with carcinoma of the ovary and evidence of disease, raised levels of CPAP were seen almost exclusively in patients with epithelial tumors. It is considered that CPAP may be of value as a tumor marker in this group of patients. When compared with CEA, CPAP tends to give fewer false positives and correlates better with the presence of disease.
Int J Cancer 1979 Sep 15
PMID:The value of a sensitive assay of carcino-placental alkaline phosphatase (CPAP) in the follow-up of gynecological cancers. 38 13

Because of adverse publicity regarding increased risk of endometrial cancer in women receiving estrogen therapy, a 2-year prospective study was conducted in 1976 to determine the incidence of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women. A retrospective study for the year 1975 was also added. A postmenopausal survey card for each patient recorded the patient's visit and clinical data, as well as hormone therapies (estrogen, progestogen, androgen). Postmenopausal women never treated with hormones were also provided survey cards. A total of 2088 patient-years of estrogen use was recorded during the combined 3-year study period (1975-77). 8 of the estrogen users had a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium for an annual incidence rate of 3.8/1000 women. 2 endometrial cancers were detected in the estrogen-progestogen users for a cancer incidence rate of 0.5/1000 (3792 patient-years of observation); this finding suggests that progestogen provides better protection against endometrial cancer compared to estrogens. This difference between estrogen users and estrogen-progestogen users was statistically significant (p ? 0.01). 1 endometrial malignancy occurred among estrogen vaginal cream users, giving an incidence of 1.7/1000. The patient used Premarin vaginal cream (1 gm thrice weekly) for 7 months before the cancer was diagnosed. No endometrial cancer was diagnosed in both the progestogen and androgen groups. Overall, 14 endometrial cancers out of 8170 years of observation were diagnosed in this clinic; annual incidence rate for the study period was 1.7/1000. 199 women with endometrial hyperplasia (a precancerous lesion) were treated with progestogens for 3 to 6 months. The hyperplastic endometrium returned to normal in 96.5%. It was suggested that all postmenopausal women with intact uterus be given the Progestogen Challenge Test and that progestogens be given to the women each month as long as bleeding follows. This should prevent the development of endometrial cancer in most women.
J Am Geriatr Soc 1979 Sep
PMID:Reduced incidence of endometrial cancer among postmenopausal women treated with progestogens. 46 50

A study was undertaken to investigate changing trends in the microscopic patterns of endometrial carcinoma and to compare the biologic characteristics of those cases associated with and without estrogen usage. After each case was reviewed independently and in a random order by at least 2 pathologists, a diagnosis of cancer was agreed on in 274 patients who had been treated by 5 gynecologists at the Masachusetts General Hospital between 1940 and 1971. Six microscopic patterns were identified (adenocarcinoma, adenoacanthoma, atypical adenoacanthoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, clear-cell adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma). The frequency of each pattern relative to the other 5 changed only slightly during the 30-year interval. The tumors that developed in estrogen users were more highly differentiated than those that developed in nonusers (P less than 0.005) and were found at an earlier average age (P less than 0.02). That the adenoacanthoma was associated with estrogen usage more frequently (51%) than any other tumor type (P less than 0.02) may reflect, in part, a similar and lower mean age of estrogen users (56 years) and patients with adenoacanthoma (55 years) compared with that of nonusers with the other forms of tumors (60--67 years). Although the overall 5- and 10-year survival rates of the estrogen users were higher than those of the nonusers, the differences between the 2 groups disappeared when the grade of the neoplasm was considered.
Obstet Gynecol 1979 Sep
PMID:Changing trends and prognostic features in endometrial cancer associated with exogenous estrogen therapy. 47 66

Electrophoresis of cytosol prepared from normal and malignant tissue samples of uterine cervix and endometrium revealed interesting differences which may be relevant to the characteristic alterations in glucose metabolism associated with tumour development. Hexokinase II was detected in 30% of the cancer material from both sources, but in none of the samples of normal cervix. A duplet band of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrognease was seen in the majority of the cancer samples but in no sample of normal cervix; it appeared to be partly due to ageing of the sample, and is not phenotypically related to the malignant process. Analysis of genetic variance for phosphoglucomutase at the PGM1 locus revealed a highly significant excess of the PGM1-1 phenotype in patients with cancer of the endometrium, which may reflect susceptibility to endometrial cancer in patients with this phenotype. At the PGM2 locus, samples of malignant cervix were deficient in "Band f" compared with normal cervix samples, all of which showed this band. Conversely, gene products of the PGM3 locus were found in most samples of malignant cervix and a small minority of normal cervix samples. Compared with the isomorphic distribution of lactate dehydrogenase enzymes in normal uterine tissue, cancers showed a shift towards either a more anodal or a more cathodal pattern. The former may be associated with tumours enjoying a good oxygen supply, and the latter with tumours which, because of their depth or poor blood supply have to function under less aerobic conditions.
Br J Cancer 1979 Sep
PMID:Isoenzymes of hexokinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and lactate dehydrogenase in uterine cancer. 50 67


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