Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the 10-year period after 1979, percutaneous urinary diversion (PCUD) was performed on 35 patients whose mean age was 53.5 years (30-80 years). Twenty-one patients (60%) had Stage IIB-IV cervical cancer, 11 (31%) Stage IB-IIA cervical cancer, 2 (6%) Stage IB-II endometrial cancer, and 1 (3%) Stage IB vaginal cancer. All had radiological evidence of ureteric obstruction and 8 patients also had urinary tract fistulae. Serum creatinine levels were elevated in 24. Following diversion there was a significant fall in mean pretreatment creatinine levels from 482 mumol/liter (range, 70-1703 mumol/liter) to 131 mumol/liter (range, 60-290 mumol/liter; P less than 0.0001); those patients with normal creatinine levels prior to diversion also had a reduction in their levels. A significant fall in mean serum urea levels from 22.0 mmol/liter pre- to 11.9 mmol/liter post-PCUD (P less than 0.001) was also noted. Minor complications occurred and included hemorrhage, replacement/reinsertion, infection, and blockage. Median survival of the 35 patients after PCUD was 6 months (mean, 16.5 months). For the 11 with normal pretreatment renal function median survival was 16 months (mean, 41 months) compared to 2.5 months (mean, 5.1 months) for those with elevated pretreatment serum creatinine levels. Median survival with untreated malignancy was 7 months (mean, 19.6 months) and 6 months (mean, 12.3 months) in patients with previously treated cancer. PCUD is indicated in previously untreated patients with gynecologic cancer so that primary therapy can be instituted. The role of urinary diversion in patients with previously treated cancer must be individualized. Palliative diversion is appropriate in selected patients where additional therapy is expected to prolong life, where symptom control is needed, or to allow the patient to return home for a significant proportion of the remainder of life.
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PMID:Percutaneous urinary diversion in gynecologic oncology. 201 48

The records of 526 patients with gynecologic malignancies were reviewed to determine the correlation of urologic imaging modalities with serum renal function studies in detecting ureteral obstruction at the time of initial staging. Three hundred and forty-three of these patients had excretory urograms and 305 patients had concurrent serum urea nitrogen and creatinine determinations and 261 patients had concurrent radionuclide bone scans. Twenty-six patients had concurrent sonograms. Hydronephrosis (either unilateral or bilateral) was demonstrated at urography in 11% of patients with carcinoma of the cervix and ovary, but in only two percent of patients with carcinoma of the endometrium (the latter probably due to anatomic differences and an earlier stage of disease at the time of presentation). Serum urea nitrogen and creatinine determinations were abnormal in only 30% of the patients with urinary obstruction. Although only a small proportion of patients with hydronephrosis had bone scans and sonography, these appeared to be sensitive methods of detecting obstructions, but were more expensive than urography.
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PMID:Urologic imaging and correlation with serum laboratory determinations in staging gynecologic malignancies. 686 Oct 93

We evaluated the presence and variability of oestrogen receptor (ER) isoforms in endometrial cancer by using [3H]oestradiol-labelled ERs and the H222 monoclonal antibody obtained from the Abbott enzyme immunoassay kit. Using isoelectric focusing (IEF), endometrial ER was shown to be composed of four different species, with pI values of 6.1, 6.3, 6.6 and 6.8, indistinguishable from the isoforms found in normal rat uterus, and human breast and larynx carcinomas. The isoforms at pI 6.3, 6.6 and 6.8, all sedimenting at 4S by sucrose gradient fractionation, showed, on two-dimensional SDS electrophoresis, relative masses of 50, 70 and 65 kDa respectively, equal to the masses previously found in breast cancer. These isoforms did not alter their pI values during IEF fractionation performed in a linear gradient of urea, while the pI 6.1, sedimenting at 8S, generated a new isoform at about 9 mol/l urea with pI 7.2 and a relative mass of 65 kDa. The urea-dissociated isoform (pI 7.2) was able approximately to double the antibody binding with respect to the nondissociated oligomer, which suggested that some epitopes are 'masked', i.e. not accessible to the antibodies when ER is present in its complexed form. The evidence thus suggested that the oligomer at pI 6.1 contained a single 65 kDa ER form which, as a monomer, focused at pI 7.2. The variability in the ER isoform profile found in endometrial cancer was similar to the variability previously reported in breast and larynx carcinomas. The balance between these isoforms could be a dynamic parameter involved in the functionality of this receptor and consequently in cell transformation.
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PMID:Multiple isoforms of the oestrogen receptor in endometrial cancer. 766 26

cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin: CDDP) suppositories containing NaCl at different concentrations were prepared as a local chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of uterine endometrial carcinoma and were administered to rabbits implanted with uterine VX2 tumor. The intrauterine CDDP histological level, as well as the antitumor effects and side effects of the suppositories to the liver and kidney were studied. The results showed high intrauterine tissue CDDP level in all suppository administrations. In particular, the NaCl-added suppositories enhanced the intrauterine CDDP level. As for antitumor effects, while the tumor growth rate of the NaCl-added suppository group was likely to be suppressed, the suppositories could not suppress tumor growth completely. The plasma platinum (Pt) level was 1.5 micrograms/ml or less and that of the liver and kidney was as low as 0.31 to 0.48 micrograms/g. No difference in levels depending on NaCl concentration was observed, nor was any abnormality found in the biochemical analysis including glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Histopathological study revealed the degeneration of tumor cells in the NaCl-added suppository group. Minimal congestion and hemorrhage were observed in the endometria, possibly resulting from CDDP. By adding NaCl to CDDP suppositories, the uterine CDDP level and antitumor effects increased while no serious renal dysfunction was noted. Therefore, we conclude that NaCl-added CDDP suppositories are a useful local chemotherapy for endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:A study of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) suppositories for the treatment of rabbit uterine endometrial carcinoma. 836 53

Excessive beta-catenin is considered to contribute to tumor progression by inducing transcription of cell cycle-related genes such as cyclin D1 and c-myc. In contrast, our recent studies demonstrated that beta-catenin could inhibit cell proliferation through activation of p14(ARF)/p53/p21(WAF1) pathway during trans-differentiation toward morular phenotype of endometrial carcinoma (Em Ca) cells. Here, we focused on associations with alterations in p16(INK4A) and pRb expression during this process. In clinical cases, p16(INK4A) immunoreactivity was found to frequently overlap with nuclear beta-catenin accumulation in small-sized morules and surrounding glandular carcinomas (Sur-Ca), demonstrating a significant positive correlation (r = 0.447, p < 0.0001) overall, while the immunoreactions showed stepwise decrease in enlarged morules, despite persistent accumulation of beta-catenin and p21(WAF1) in nuclei. Immunoreactivity for both total pRb and its phosphorylated form was apparently decreased in all morules as compared to Sur-Ca lesions, with a significantly positive correlation. In cell lines, transcriptional activation of p16(INK) (4A) promoter by active form beta-catenin, as well as p21(WAF1), occurred through the region from -385 to -280 bp relative to the translation start site, in a TCF4-independent manner. Moreover, cell proliferation was accompanied with phosphorylation of pRb and increased p16(INK4A) expression, while its inhibition by serum starvation caused decreased expression of total pRb but not p16(INK4A), resulting in high relative amounts of the latter. These findings indicate that induction of p16(INK4A) mediated by nuclear beta-catenin and p21(WAF1), along with loss of pRb expression, may be important for initial steps during trans-differentiation of Em Ca cells. In addition, its down-regulation is associated with progression of lesions.
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PMID:Induction of p16INK4A mediated by beta-catenin in a TCF4-independent manner: implications for alterations in p16INK4A and pRb expression during trans-differentiation of endometrial carcinoma cells. 1685 82

Nuclear beta-catenin is required for changes in morphology from glandular to morular phenotypes of endometrial carcinoma (Em Ca) cells, with activation of p14(ARF)/p53/p21(Waf1) and alteration of p16(INK4A)/pRb pathways. Having demonstrated previously that the homeodomain transcription factor Cdx2 increases markedly during intestinal epithelial cell differentiation, we have examined its effects in beta-catenin signaling during transdifferentiation of Em Ca cells. In clinical cases, Cdx2 immunoreactivity, along with increased mRNA signals, was found to overlap with nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and p21(Waf1) in morules, demonstrating an inverse correlation with cell proliferation. In cell lines, over-expression of active form beta-catenin resulted in a significant increase in endogenous Cdx2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the Cdx2 promoter was activated by T-cell factor 4 (TCF4) -independent activated beta-catenin, as well as Cdx2 itself, through the region from -39 to +9 bp relative to transcription start site. Cells over-expressing exogenous Cdx2 showed high levels of p21(Waf1) expression due to stabilization of the mRNA status, resulting in significant decrease in the proliferation rate, in contrast to the lack of apparent changes in morphology. Moreover, transfected Cdx2 could inhibit beta-catenin/TCF4-mediated transcriptional activation of target genes, including p14(ARF) and cyclin D1, probably through indirect mechanisms. These data suggest that over-expression of Cdx2 mediated by nuclear beta-catenin and Cdx2 itself can cause an inhibition of Em Ca cell proliferation through up-regulation of p21(Waf1) expression, modulating beta-catenin/TCF4-mediated transcription. We therefore conclude that an association between Cdx2 and beta-catenin signaling may participate in induction of transdifferentiation of Em Ca cells.
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PMID:A functional role of Cdx2 in beta-catenin signaling during transdifferentiation in endometrial carcinomas. 1746 17

In situations when there is unilateral ureteral obstruction, the contralateral kidney retains its normal function. In rare instances however, it has been reported that unilateral ureteral obstruction can lead to reflex anuria (RA) and acute renal failure (ARF). Even more unusually, RA with ARF can occur without organic obstruction due to ureteric manipulation during pelvic surgery. We report a 78- year-old woman, who underwent hysterectomy because of endometrial carcinoma. She developed ARF evidenced by anuria of 120-hours duration, and gradual rise of serum creatinine levels to 11.8 mg/dL on the fifth day after hysterectomy. Ultrasound study of the urinary tract revealed bilateral moderate hydronephrosis. Detailed evaluation did not reveal any organic obstruction. She was managed with hemodialysis, control of hypertension and correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalances. By the sixth day, diuresis was established, and the blood urea and serum creatinine levels decreased to normal by the sixteenth day. The patient was finally discharged on the eighteenth day. Our case suggests that urologists and nephrologists should consider RA as one of the causes of anuria and ARF.
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PMID:Reflex anuria affecting both kidneys following hysterectomy. 1911 30

The malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive form of cancer with a mean survival rate of less than a year. Moreover, environmental exposure to minerals is an important factor in the development of malignant mesothelioma (MM), especially the mineral asbestos, which has a well-documented role in MM, and more recently, the mineral erionite has been proven to be a strong carcinogenic inducer of MM. In addition, the virus simian virus 40 has been implicated as a co-carcinogenic player in MM. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this cancer are still not fully understood. Indeed, it is known that several genes are altered or mutated in MM, among those are p16(INK4A), p14(ARF), and neurofibromatosis type II. Furthermore, TP53 has been reported to be mutated in the majority of the cancers; however, in MM, it is very uncommon mutations in this gene. Also, the PTEN gene has been shown to play an important role in endometrial cancer and glioblastoma, although the role of PTEN in MM has yet to be established. Taken altogether, this review focuses on the historical aspects, molecular mechanisms, interaction with other genes and proteins, and the role of these genes in MM. Lastly, this review questions the cancer theory of the two hits because the functions of both PTEN and TP53 are not fully explained by this theory.
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PMID:The function, mechanisms, and role of the genes PTEN and TP53 and the effects of asbestos in the development of malignant mesothelioma: a review focused on the genes' molecular mechanisms. 2408 73