Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate the functional differences between estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta subtypes, we studied the expression and the transcription stimulating activities of these receptors. RT-PCR has demonstrated that ER alpha is expressed at a high level in MCF-7 cells derived from human breast cancer. Both ER alpha and ER beta were expressed at a lower level in HOS-TE85 and Saos2 cells derived from human osteosarcoma. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter assay detected the transcriptional activation by the endogenous receptor only in MCF-7 cells. Agonistic effect of tamoxifen was observed as strong as that of 17beta-estradiol on ERE activation in MCF-7 cells at the concentration of 10(-7) M when ERE-containing reporter is constructed with beta-globin promoter. The effect of tamoxifen was not apparent when the reporter was constructed with thymidine kinase promoter, suggesting that the differential gene activation between tamoxifen and estrogen may take place depending upon ERE-promoter context. Agonistic activity of tamoxifen was also detected in COS-7 and Saos-2 cells, but not in HEC-1 cells derived from human endometrial carcinoma via exogenously expressed ER. Interestingly, this effect was ER alpha specific. Thus, we demonstrate that agonistic effect of tamoxifen depends on the cell type, ERE-promoter context, and ER subtype. These parameters would explain at least a part of the tissue specific effects of antiestrogens in vivo.
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PMID:Agonistic effect of tamoxifen is dependent on cell type, ERE-promoter context, and estrogen receptor subtype: functional difference between estrogen receptors alpha and beta. 922 41

Granisetron (G) is an effective antiemetic drug that is used to prevent cisplatin-induced emesis, although it is less effective for delayed emesis. To enhance the antiemetic effects of granisetron, corticosteroid analogues such as methylprednisolone (M) and dexamethasone (D) were employed in a study of patients treated with cisplatin (CDDP). We investigated the clinical response and urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), the main metabolite of serotonin, in 31 patients with ovarian cancer or uterine endometrial cancer who received CAP therapy (CDDP 75 mg/m2) in a 3-day cross-over trial comparing G + M and G + D treated patients. Both regimens were and delayed emesis than G + D. We conclude that G + D is a more efficacious combination than G + D in protecting patients from CDDP-induced acute and delayed emesis.
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PMID:[Combination effect of granisetron plus corticosteroid for prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis: a cross-over study comparing methylprednisolone and dexamethasone]. 961 30

To define the target of chromosome 18q loss of heterozygosity, which is prevalent in endometrial carcinomas, we made a deletion map from 64 tumors. Loss of heterozygosity on 18q was found in 20 tumors. Among these, 14 tumors carried deletions at the 18q21.1 region, where the DPC4 gene is located. DPC4 transcription was disturbed in all six of the tumors with deletions at 18q21.1 examined, which sharply contrasted with the positive transcription in 12 tumors that retained heterozygosity at the 18q21.1 region. However, in the 14 tumors with the 18q21.1 deletions, the remaining allele had the wild-type sequence of the DPC4 coding region instead of somatic mutations in the DPC4 coding region. We found a one- and two-base substitutions in the DPC4 promoter in two of the six tumors that showed disturbed DPC4 transcription. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays clearly demonstrated that the mutant promoters had the potential to suppress or silence DPC4 transcription, implicating the DPC4 gene in endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:Involvement of mutations in the DPC4 promoter in endometrial carcinoma development. 1033 46

To determine the outcome of patients with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma following adjuvant chemotherapy, CAP (cyclophosphamide, pirarubicin and cisplatin) and EP (etoposide and cisplatin) were assigned at random to patients with Ic or more advanced stage carcinoma, and their efficacy was compared. These patients were treated by the Tokai Endometrial Cancer Study Group (Nagoya University and related institutions) between January 1992 and June 1996. The 5-year survival rate was 88.4% in the CAP group and 95.1% in the EP group; the difference between the two groups was not significant (p = 0.3496). The disease-free survival rate was 80. 3% in the CAP group and 84.8% in the EP group (nonsignificant: p = 0. 4533). However, the 5-year disease-free survival rates were 95.1 and 71.0% in patients with preoperative CA125 levels <35 and > or =35 IU/ml, and there was a significant difference in disease-free survival curves (p<0.05). A significant difference was also observed in disease-free survival curves between patients with and without pelvic lymph node metastasis (5- year disease-free survival rate: 68.8 and 88.2% in patients with and without pelvic lymph node metastasis, respectively, p<0.05). Multivariate analysis of disease- free survival showed that the preoperative CA125 level, and pelvic lymph node metastasis were significant risk factors for recurrence. In conclusion, the EP chemotherapy had no significant advantage in terms of survival and disease-free survival compared to CAP, although these rates were superior in the EP group compared to the CAP group.
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PMID:Adjuvant chemotherapy including cisplatin in endometrial carcinoma. 1096 98

Recently, the number of cases of endometrial cancer has increased in Japan. Most of the increase are accounted for by premenopausal cases, which are frequently positive for ER or PR. Hormonal treatment using progestins such as MPA has been widely applied to endometrial cancer patients under 40 years old under the conditions of grade 1 well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma without myometrial invasion. In our hospital, we applied high-dose (600 mg/day) MPA for over 8 weeks in 14 cases of endometrial cancer, of which adenocarcinoma disappeared in 12 cases (86%), followed by cyclic administrations of low-dose MPA, with 7 subsequent recurrences. We think that a protocol for improving ovarian function, such as active induction of ovulation, should be established to induce intrinsic progesterone sufficient for the prevention of the recurrence of endometrial cancers. In the 2 cases, in which adenocarcinoma remained even after long administrations of MPA, myometrial invasion was noted in the surgically resected specimens. For advanced or recurrent endometrial cancers, MPA has been reported to be effective in an average of 26% in several reports, and effective in 42% cases when applied with combination chemotherapy, such as CAP, by virtue of the "chemical modulator" effect, which can delay the acquired resistance against ADM or CDDP. Furthermore, MPA has resulted in a significant improvement of 5-year disease-free survival rate when used as adjuvant therapy after complete operations and whole pelvic irradiation, compared with administrations of 5-FU in a randomized controlled study in Japan. Thus, in the future, we consider that hormonal therapy will play a more important role in endometrial cancer treatment.
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PMID:[Hormonal therapy for endometrial adenocarcinoma]. 1147 42

The role of chemotherapy for metastatic endometrial carcinoma is palliation, although modest response can be achieved because of development of chemotherapy. The response rate is 31-56% of conventional CAP therapy and 33-81% of AP therapy. However these chemotherapeutic regimen did not prolong the survival. Recently, a randomized trial of TAP therapy (TXL 160 mg/m2 3 h, day 2, ADM 45 mg/m2, day 1, CDDP 50 mg/m2 day 1) versus AP therapy (ADM 60 mg/m2, CDDP 50 mg/m2) was reported. The response and survival of TAP is superior to that of AP. Taxane will be key drugs for chemotherapy of endometrial cancer in the future.
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PMID:[Latest information of therapeutic approach for endometrial cancer]. 1221 63

Surgery is the treatment of choice for uterine endometrial cancer. However, partial response anticancer chemotherapies for advanced cases with metastasis may also be effective. Current therapy is CAP (CDDP + ADM + CPM), which is centered on CDDP, but sufficient effect is not provided, and a new regimen is needed. We herein report a case of endometrial cancer with metastasis to the lung in which multidisciplinary treatment including taxanes was effective.
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PMID:[A case of uterine endometrial cancer with lung metastases improved by various treatments including taxane]. 1293 78

In this study, we examine the prevalence of finding isolated tumor cells (ITCs) in negative lymph nodes of endometrial cancer patients using immunohistochemistry. Seventy-six endometrial cancer patients with lymph nodes histologically negative for metastatic disease were examined. Nodal tissue sections were stained with anticytokeratin antibodies AE-1 and CAM 5.2. Nodes with single or groups of cells (two to four cells) < or =0.2 mm and showing cytokeratin reactivity were positive for ITCs. Findings were compared to features of the primary tumor and patient outcome. ITCs were present in 31 of 1712 lymph nodes. Fifteen (19.7%) patients had ITC-positive nodes. ITCs involved only pelvic nodes in nine cases, only para-aortic nodes in five cases, and pelvic and para-aortic in one case. Tumor in adnexa was the only pathologic feature associated with nodal ITCs (P= 0.0485). All 15 patients with nodal ITCs were alive at follow-up. One (6.7%) patient suffered recurrent disease but was alive at last encounter. Disease recurred in 5 (8.8%) of 57 patients without nodal ITCs. Two are alive without disease, two alive with disease, and one died from her cancer. In summary, a significant proportion of endometrial cancer patients have ITCs detected by immunohistochemistry in histologically negative regional lymph nodes.
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PMID:Endometrial cancer patients have a significant risk of harboring isolated tumor cells in histologically negative lymph nodes. 1680 26

We present the surgical and pathological findings and follow-up of 5 women diagnosed with combined endometrioid and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of large cell type (LCNEC) arising in the endometrium. The mean age of the women was 75 years (range, 50-88 years). Of the 5 tumors, 4 formed polypoid endometrial masses associated with extensive lymphovascular involvement of the myometrium by neoplastic cells. A single endometrial tumor was formed by LCNEC alone, and 4 tumors were composite with varying proportions formed by endometrioid (4/5) and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (1/5). In all 5 LCNEC tumor components, an insular growth pattern was noted, whereas a diffuse (solid) pattern was found in 4 tumors, a trabecular in 2, and rosettes/pseudorosettes in another 2. In all 5 tumors, the LCNEC tumor components were labeled with neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Four tumors were reactive for chromogranin A, CAM 5.2, and p53. Three tumors were labeled for AE1/AE3, CD56 (NCAM), p16, and cytokeratin 7. Synaptophysin was reactive in 2 tumors, and CD117 was found in only a single tumor. Of the 3 endometrioid tumor components examined, all were reactive for NSE. Two tumors were reactive for p16 and p53, 1 for CD56, but none for synaptophysin orchromogranin A. We conclude that LCNEC of the endometrium is a distinct clinicopathological entity with a poor prognosis irrespective of stage. The gross and histomorphological features are often suggestive, but confirmation requires immunoperoxidases, including NSE, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, p16, and p53. Combined endometrioid and high-grade LCNEC possess more characteristics of a type II than a type I endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:Combined large cell neuroendocrine and endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium. 1815 75

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common and potentially curable gynecologic malignant neoplasm. The staging of endometrial cancer, according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), is surgical. Recent studies suggest a therapeutic benefit associated with extensive retroperitoneal lymph node evaluation to determine the disease extent and thereby more effectively direct potentially life-saving adjuvant therapy. Due to the increasing number of endometrial cancer patients who undergo surgical staging, some independent prognostic factors have been identified in early stages (stage I-II), including lymph-vascular space involvement, histologic grade 3, aggressive histologic subtypes (uterine papillary serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma), depth of myometrial invasion, cervical invasion and the age of patients. Adjuvant radiation therapy, known to offer survival benefit in advanced-stage disease, may also offer survival benefit in intermediate-risk surgical stage I, but this is followed by a significant risk of serious complications. Based on randomized clinical trials, this review identified that only a limited body of evidence is available which can help clinicians make decisions about adjuvant chemotherapy of patients with high-risk stage I and II, as well as stage IIIA endometrial cancer. Further investigations are required to define the subgroup of patients who benefit from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, the optimal regimen remains to be defined as all of them (doxorubicin/cisplatin--AP, cyclophosphamide/ doxorubicin/cisplatin--CAP, paclitaxel/carboplatin--TC, paclitaxel/doxorubicin/cisplatin--TAP) cause significant toxicity. Thereby, combination of carboplatin plus paclitaxel represents an efficacious, low-toxicity regimen for managing intermediate-risk surgical stage I, as well as advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer.
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PMID:Risk factors and adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of endometrial cancer. 1840 82


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