Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Women should be encouraged to maintain an adequate calcium intake throughout their life so they have good BMD when they reach menopause. The most effective choice for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis after menopause is estrogen or combined estrogen-progestin. The addition of progestin to estrogen therapy to prevent endometrial cancer does not impair effectiveness of estrogen in increasing BMD. In women who have contraindications to or do not wish to take estrogen, alendronate is the most effective alternative. Raloxifene has been found to protect BMD but not to the extent of estrogen or alendronate, and it does not provide the other benefits offered by estrogen. Calcitonin-salmon has an excellent long-term safety record, but its effectiveness in preventing fracture remains to be fully demonstrated. Adequate calcium intake and exercise are important adjuncts to other therapies but alone do not prevent osteoporosis in most women.
 ...
PMID:What's new in preventing and treating osteoporosis? 979 57

The term "SERM" stands for "Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators", substances which act on certain organs as oestrogen agonists and on other organs as oestrogen antagonists. They can exert the known oestrogen-like effects on bone and lipids without exerting any action on the endometrium and the breast, a potentially ideal profile for postmenopausal hormone replacement treatment. Long known are clomifen, an ovulation stimulator, and tamoxifen, used for secondary prevention in breast cancer. Tamoxifen prevents postmenopausal bone loss as efficiently as hormone replacement treatment, and lowers blood lipids and the coronary risk, but increases the risk of endometrial cancer; for this reason it cannot be used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Raloxifen stimulates neither the endometrium nor the mammary gland, and probably even lowers the risk of breast cancer. Its relatively mild but significant effect on BMD (+ 2-3%/2 years) is sufficient for prevention, and in osteoporotics goes along with a substantial decrease in vertebral fracture incidence (by about 50%) comparable to the effect of other treatments. As in hormone replacement treatment, thromboembolism and leg cramps occur more frequently. Therefore, raloxifen can be used in women free of climacteric symptoms for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with no increased risk of phlebitis, alone or in combination with calcium, vitamin D, bisphosphonates and calcitonin; in future it may also be useful in male osteoporosis.
 ...
PMID:[Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM): new substances for hormone replacement therapy]. 1063 85