Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although we encounter endometriosis not infrequently, the exact nature of this entity has not yet been determined. In order to study the morphogenesis of this disease, we chose the adenomyotic glandular epithelium as distinct ectopic glands and examined them in the electronmicroscope, comparing them with the proliferative phase of the endometrium and the uterine body adenocarcinoma. Five cases were selected from 76 histologically proven cases of adenomyosis at our University. Epon blocks were ultrasectioned with a Porter MT II microtome, stained with uranium acetate and lead, and observed in a JEM 100 C electronmicroscope. The characteristics of adenomyotic glandular epithelium compared to the normal proliferative endometrium were: 1) expanded smooth nuclear membrane with scattered fine chromatin and zero to one irregularly surfaced nucleoli, 2) in cytoplasm, rough ER and free ribosomes are distinct, mitochondria are round to oval in shape with moderate irregularity, and microfibrillar structures and interdigitations are present in moderate amounts. Although there are few similarities to endometrial cancer, these findings would suggest that adenomyosis may be an intermediate between the normal proliferative endometrium and endometrial cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Ultrastructure of the ectopic endometrial glandular epithelium in five cases of adenomyosis--with particular reference to the normal proliferative endometrium and endometrial adenocarcinoma]. 402 Feb

The five-year survival and the complication rate were evaluated in 307 patients with endometrial carcinoma treated from 1966 to 1977. The distribution of the patients into clinical stages I, II, III and IV was 68.7, 20.8, 6.5 and 3.9%, respectively. In stage I 87.2% and in stage II 67.2% of the patients were operated on. All patients received oral medroxyprogesterone acetate for two years, and all patients with stage I or II disease were also irradiated, mostly intracavitary before operation. The crude 5-year survival in the total material was 72.0%, and for clinical stages I, II, III and IV 83.8, 54.7, 40.0 and 8.3%, respectively. 167 patients in stage I received intracavitary irradiation, 86 using the Heyman packing method and 81 using the Cathetron after-loading technique. The corresponding figures for 54 patients in stage II were 38 and 16. In clinical stage I the crude (83.9% and 84.2%, respectively) and corrected (92.9 and 88.9%, respectively) 5-year survivals were similar in the Heyman and Cathetron groups. In stage II better results were obtained using the Cathetron technique (crude 75.0 vs. 42.1%) but in the corrected material, excluding the unoperated cases, there was no significant difference (81.3 vs. 74.4%, respectively). Serious late complications requiring surgical correction were less common in the Cathetron group (2.9% vs. 11.1%; p less than 0.05). The intracavitary irradiation of endometrial carcinoma can thus be well accomplished by remote afterloading technique.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of Heyman packing and Cathetron afterloading methods in the treatment of endometrial cancer. 406 92

Two groups of postmenopausal women were seen at monthly intervals during a 6-month trial of cyclic therapy with conjugated equine oestrogens ('Premarin'). the seven women in the first group were taking premarin alone and the six women in the second group were taking premarin plus a progestagen, norethisterone acetate. On each visit, serum unconjugated oestrogens were measured by radioimmunoassay. Mean concentrations for the first group were 393 (+/- 203, SD) pmol/l for 17 beta-oestradiol, 599 (+/- 180) pmol/l for oestrone, and 6840 (+/- 5130) pmol/l for equilin. Corresponding levels for the second group were 342 (+/- 112) pmol/l, 564 (+/- 279) pmol/l, and 8840 (+/- 4020) pmol/l. 3 months after completion of therapy, the oestrone and 17 beta-oestradiol concentrations had returned to pre-treatment levels in both groups, but equilin was detected in 3 out of 3 women in the first group at a mean level of 532 (+/- 267) pmol/l and in 2 out of 4 women in the second group at 1170 (+/- 870) pmol/l. In view of the prolonged presence of equilin and the possible association between treatment with conjugated equine oestrogens and endometrial cancer, it is suggested that equilin-containing compounds should not be given for more than 12 months.
 ...
PMID:Serum equilin, oestrone, and oestradiol levels in postmenopausal women receiving conjugated equine oestrogens ('Premarin'). 610 54

Patients with endometrial carcinoma (N = 1113) were treated by conventional therapy, using surgery and radiotherapy, complemented by daily administration of 100 mg oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for a 2-year period. Only 7.3% of the malignancies were at an advanced clinical stage (III or IV), whereas 75.9 and 16.8% of the carcinomas were detected at clinical stages I and II, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 71.0% overall, and 77.8%, 61.0, 29.0, and 5.3 for clinical stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Patients with anaplastic carcinoma (grade 3) at all clinical stages had significantly lower survival rates than had patients with well-differentiated (grade 1) and moderately differentiated (grade 2) adenocarcinomas. Death of grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 endometrial carcinoma during the first 2 years occurred in 4.7, 6.8, and 18.2% of cases, respectively, in stage II, indicating that adjuvant MPA cannot totally prevent the progression of endometrial malignancy. The incidence of anaplastic endometrial carcinoma increased with the spread of the disease. It often appeared in patients with low body weight or a second invasive malignancy, but seldom occurred in young patients or patients with diabetes, uterine myoma, or a history of previous estrogen use. The worsened prognosis associated with old age, low body weight, and presence of a second invasive malignancy thus seems at lest partly due to the increased incidence of anaplastic carcinoma, which, on the other hand, did not contribute to the decreased 5-year survival rate of patients with diabetes or severe hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Clinical outcome in endometrial cancer. 621 34

This article reviews scientific evidence of the risks and benefits of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and argues that it should be approved for contraceptive use in the US provided that studies of its possible side effects are continued and that women use it only after informed choice. DMPA has the highest use effectiveness of any reversible method and is the only available injectable that is effective for 3 months. It has few potentially harmful metabolic side effects and does not appear to suppress lactation. There appear to be few absolute contraindications to its use except pregnancy. Its benefits have made it popular in different settings; its manufacturer, the Upjohn Company, reports that about 1/2 of DMPA use occurs in developed countries. The World Health Organization Toxicology Review Panel, the US Agency for International Development Ad Hoc Consultative Panel, US Food and Drug Administration scientific advisory panels, and other qualified groups have concluded that the ban on contraceptive use of DMPA is unwarranted. Studies finding an increased incidence of mammary tumors in beagle dogs are of questionable applicability to women because of the different reaction of beagles to progestogens. Other studies have not shown increased incidence of breast disease in DMPA users. Available data do not show that DMPA poses more of a threat of fetal malformation than do other hormonal contraceptives if taken during pregnancy. The use of exogenous estrogens to control heavy bleeding in users is rarely needed; there is no evidence of a permanent impairment of fertility after DMPA use and any association between DMPA use and endometrial cancer remains questionable.
 ...
PMID:The Food and Drug Administration and medroxyprogesterone acetate. What are the issues? 622 Nov 25

This reply to a letter criticizing the author's article on Depo-Provera use which appeared in the same publication argues that proponents of Depo-Provera have misled the public about its suitability for wide use. Because many Thai women have already used Depo-Provera for a decade or more, because it takes 10 times as much Depo-Provera to produce the same blood level in monkeys as in humans, and because tribal women in Thailand weighing less than 45 kg routinely received 6 month doses of 450 mg, 3 times the 3 month dose, any difference between the doses given experimental monkeys and village women is marginal. The study by McDaniel and Potts of women with endometrial cancer hospitalized in Chiang Mai and Lumpoon Provinces which examined Depo-Provera use among them had too small a sample to detect less than a 20-fold relative risk; moreover, very few cases of endometrial cancer actually came in for treatment. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and norgesterone produce a situation similar to early menopause in which the uterus is atrophic because ovulation has ceased, but estrogen production continues and the endometrium is stimulated. Menopausal women are at high risk of developing endometrial cancer. Research literature suggests that the reproductive systems of breastfed infants are vulnerable to longterm action of DMPA in milk. Babies exposed in utero may be at risk of vaginal adenosis or cardiovascular malformations. Giving Depo-Provera to mothers of nursing babies violates the restrictions on use of children in medical experiments evolved after the Nuremburg trials. The hostility of population control activists to critics concerned about cancer evidence may prevent abnormal conditions from being looked for. It is suggested that DMPA experimenters experiment on themselves for 10 years while a moratorium on use of Depo-Provera is observed until the results are available.
 ...
PMID:Reply to Dr. Edwin B. McDaniel. Exaggerated claims of depo-provera safety. 622 51

Twenty-one women were given depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) 1000 mg/wk for 6 mth as part of the treatment for endometrial carcinoma in either clinical stage I or II. Total and free cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were analysed in serum and in the ultracentrifugally separated lipoprotein fractions VLDL, LDL and HDL (very low, low and high density lipoproteins). Previous studies have shown little effect on lipoprotein metabolism after lower doses of MPA, unlike progestins of the 19-nor-testosterone series, after which an 'androgenic' lipoprotein pattern is seen, i.e., a decrease in HDL-cholesterol and in triglycerides in serum and VLDL. After this massive DMPA dose, only a slight decrease in HDL-cholesterol was seen, as well as a rise in triglycerides in serum and VLDL. We interpret the latter finding as secondary to an influence on carbohydrate metabolism.
 ...
PMID:High-dose depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) - effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. 622 6

21 women (mean age 60 years, range 48-72) were given depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), 1,000 mg/week parenterally for 6 months, as part of the treatment for endometrial carcinoma in either clinical stage I or II. Before treatment and after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment serum apolipoprotein AI was analyzed by electroimmunoassay. There was a significant decrease in apolipoprotein AI after the administration of DMPA, compared to the value before treatment. A low level of apolipoprotein AI is considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Such a risk might therefore be anticipated if the period of treatment was extended to several years.
 ...
PMID:Changes in apolipoprotein AI after treatment with high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate. 623 58

The number and function of T and B lymphocytes were studied in endometrial cancer patients during 3 months' treatment with high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). No significant changes were observed in the proportions of T and B cells or in the function of B cells during MPA treatment. At 3 months, lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens was slightly reduced both in patients treated with standard therapy alone (intracavitary radium and surgery) and in patients receiving additional MPA therapy. These results indicate that other factors than progesterone are responsible for the suppression of lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by mitogens during high-dose progestin treatment.
 ...
PMID:In vitro functions of lymphocytes during high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment. 623 77

The authors studied electron microscopically the effect of a large dose of medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) on the fine structure of endometrial carcinoma, with special regard to the annulate lamellae of the cells. Following treatment in one-third of their cases of highly-differentiated endometrial carcinoma the glandular epithelial cells were found to show a marked regression. After using a large dose of progestogen, the oestrogen-dependent annulate lamellae 'disappeared' from the cytoplasm of the cells. This phenomenon may be one of the morphological manifestations of subcellular oestrogen-progesterone antagonism.
 ...
PMID:Effect of progestogen (Depo-Provera) on annulate lamellae in endometrial carcinoma. 624 Aug 79


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>