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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By using ovariectomized nude mice, the hormone reactivity of endometrial carcinoma was evaluated. HEC-88nu cultured cells originated from human endometrial carcinoma were first transplanted to the animal in each experiment. Estrogen receptor (ER) of HEC-88nu reveals positive originally. Hormone pellets containing medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) were used. The results were as follows: 1. The proliferation of this tumor was accelerated remarkably by administration of E2 pellet. 2. By administration of MPA pellet, the proliferation was inhibited from the beginning but progressed flatly afterwards maintaining 50% of the control. 3. When MPA was administered upon priming the tumor with E2, the proliferation began to be inhibited after 2 weeks developing 60% of suppression 5 weeks later. 4. Progesterone receptor (PR) of the tumor was induced starting at week 2 when E2 was given and revealed 189 fmol/mgP at week 5. 5. As the morphological changes due to hormone, light eosin-stainability, rarefaction and swelling of the cytoplasms were the common characteristics. 6. It was suggested that both hormonal and pharmacological actions take part in the mechanism of progestin to act on endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:[Growth regulation of sex steroid hormone in endometrial carcinoma transplanted into nude mice]. 183 53

Precanceroses and early screening of endometrial carcinomas are reviewed. Measures are evaluated on how to prevent this malignancy with administration of gestagens in hyperplastical endometrial changes in climacteric conditions and manifestations of endometrial estrogenization in postmenopause. On the basis of clinical, laboratory and histological investigations, the total of 31 female subjects with dysfunctional bleeding was given medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera Upjohn tbl.) in 10 mg daily doses for up to 10-13 days cyclically prior to the onset of menopause. Under the mentioned treatment any of them experienced the rebleed, and no endometrial carcinoma had been diagnosed with control vacuum curettage within one year of observation. In a total of 196 women operated on to endometrial carcinoma, the occurrence of risk-factors for the development of mentioned tumour (obesity, late menopause, i.e. menopause after 50 years of age, sterility and dysfunctional bleeding backed with anovulation, long-term estrogen administration, feminizing ovarian tumours, liver diseases, glycide metabolic disorders and hypertension) was evaluated. The present work was aimed on the screening of asymptomatic group of women. Two important signs (obesity and late menopause) were invariably determined with the addition of any other risk factor. Mentioned women are supposed to undergo regular yearly histological investigation of endometrium. Of most benefit the vacuum curettage is believed by authors as a result of comparing the validation of cytological and histological methods in order of early evidence.
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PMID:[Precanceroses and endometrial carcinoma]. 184 15

This updated literature review on heterosteroids and drug research has information on chemical structure, pharmacology, and effects. It first discusses the anti-inflammatory heterosteroids, such as mometasone furoate and cortivazol. It also covers heterosteroidal antimineralocorticoids and anabolic hetero derivatives. The review discusses at length the 19-norsteroid, mifepristone (RU-486), which exhibits antiprogestational activity and is being used for fertility control in women. It also has antiglucocorticoid activity and shows promise as a treatment of diseases characterized by muscle atrophy. In vitro studies indicate that mifepristone inhibits growth of breast cancer cell lines and of endometrial cancer cell lines. It has already exhibited growth inhibitory effects in some breast cancer patients. Discussions of mifepristone's pharmacokinetics and structural modifications of mifepristone follow. Danazol is an antigonadotropin and is used to treat endometriosis, benign breast disease, precocious puberty, hereditary angioneurotic edema, menorrhagia, some types of infertility, and gynecomastia. Danazol effects considerable changes in lipid metabolism. Other hormonal, antihormonal, and/or antifertility heterosteroids and/or aspects include androgen antagonists (e.g., cyproterone acetate), estrogen activity, antiestrogens, STS-557, and oximinosteroids. Heterosteroidal inhibitors of steroid hormone biosynthesis discussed are aromatase inhibitors, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors (trilostane, epostane, and azastene). Heterosteroids affect the cardiovascular system, including the cardiac glycosides, antiarrhythmic agents, and antilipemic agents. Some heterosteroids affect central nervous system activity (e.g., RU-5135 causes convulsions in rodents). Pancuronium analogues and chandonium and analogues are neuromuscular blocking azasteroids. In addition to danazol and RU-486, several other antineoplastic heterosteroids exist (e.g., estramustine phosphate sodium, a prostate cancer drug).
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PMID:Heterosteroids and drug research. 184 48

Four biochemical parameters, soluble oestradiol (REC) progesterone (RP) receptors, 17B oestradiol and isocitric dehydrogenase enzymes were studied to evaluate hormone sensitivity in 51 patients with endometrial carcinoma. Samples of tumours were taken before and after 7 to 14 days of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment for histological and biochemical analysis. Hormone sensitivity assessed by a decrease in receptor concentration after MPA in REC rich (p less than 0.005) and RP rich (p less than 0.02) tumours was 65% and 63% respectively. Induction of isocitric dehydrogenase enzyme with MPA was highly significant in REC rich (p less than 0.0001) and RP rich (p less than 0.001) tumours, as was the induction of 17B oestradiol dehydrogenase in REC rich (p less than 0.01) and RP rich (p less than 0.005), confirming progestogen sensitivity. Post MPA dehydrogenase enzyme levels predicted survival more accurately than pre MPA receptor status of the tumours.
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PMID:Biochemical changes in endometrial carcinoma and their correlation to clinical outcome and prognosis. 191 63

Oral administration of conjugated estrogens, estradiol valerate and micronized estradiol--but not the percutaneous application--in the postmenopause modifies the plasmic lipoprotein profile by lowering, dose-dependently, LDL and elevating HDL (HDL2). In parallel, the cardiovascular mortality is decreased by 50-66%, with smokers also benefiting to the same extent. On account of the increased risk for endometrial carcinoma associated with postmenopausal estrogen monotherapy, combination with a lowest-dose gestagen is imperative. However, the very numerous synthetic gestagens can antagonize the favorable effects of the estrogen on lipoprotein metabolism. This applies in particular to the gestagens of the 19-nortestosterone type, such as norethisterone acetate and, in particular, levonorgestrel, but less so the 17-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives medroxyprogesterone acetate and medrogestone with their very low androgenic effect.
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PMID:[Lipoprotein metabolism in menopause. Effect of hormonal substitution therapy]. 191 55

We conducted a retrospective review of 44 patients with metastatic or recurrent endometrial carcinoma treated with cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Thirty-six women had metastatic disease; eight had recurrent disease. In the metastatic group, 12 women had positive peritoneal cytology as the only criterion for metastatic disease. Grade 1 tumors represented 25%, grade 2, 47.7%, and grade 3, 27.3%. The series was divided into four groups based on disease volume before chemotherapy: positive peritoneal cytology only (N = 12), microscopic (N = 11), macroscopic less than 2 cm (N = 6), and macroscopic greater than 2 cm (N = 15). Fifteen patients had measurable disease and eight (53%) had an objective response. The median survival was 31 months for the whole group. Median survivals were not reached for the positive peritoneal cytology only and the microscopic groups. Median survival for the macroscopic less than 2 cm and greater than 2 cm groups were 15 and 10 months, respectively (P less than .0001). The volume of disease was the most important factor in determining survival as well as the time to progression (P less than .0001). The distribution of grade was similar in all groups (P = .88), and grade did not predict survival (P = .80) or recurrence (P = .87). The significant number of low-grade lesions in our series as well as the importance of positive cytology as a predictor of survival underscore the need for surgical pathologic staging in an effort to identify those patients in need of adjuvant therapy.
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PMID:Treatment of recurrent and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and medroxyprogesterone acetate. 194 3

The influence of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) levels was studied in 20 postmenopausal patients with ER-positive and PR-positive primary breast cancers. Each patient underwent drill biopsy and subsequently mastectomy. The drill biopsy and surgical specimens were assayed for the total ER and PR levels (cytosolic plus nuclear fraction) by enzyme immunoassay. Between the drill biopsy and mastectomy, ten patients received no treatment (control group) and the other ten patients were given MPA (1200 mg/day) for 7 days. In the control group, the total ER and PR levels of the surgical specimens decreased by 68.2 +/- 7.3% and 60.7 +/- 8.4%, respectively, taking the receptor values of the drill biopsy specimens as 100%, although no treatment was given preoperatively. This decrease seems to be attributable to the receptor degradation due to damages occurring during mastectomy. In the MPA group, the total ER and PR levels of the surgical specimens decreased by 64.2 +/- 8.0% and 23.3 +/- 7.6%, respectively. The decrease in PR, but not ER, was statistically significant between the control and MPA groups (P less than 0.01). These results demonstrate that MPA down regulates PR but not ER in human breast cancer and challenge the conventional idea, extrapolated from the results on the endometrium and endometrial cancer, that MPA antagonizes endogenous estrogens by down regulating ER.
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PMID:Inability of medroxyprogesterone acetate to down regulate estrogen receptor level in human breast cancer. 213 22

In recent years, the incidence of endometrial cancer has a tendency to increase gradually in our country. Its majority (stage I and II) is a case to be treated by hysterectomy alone. However, to patients with advanced inoperable cancer (stage III and more), a radiotherapy, which is not so sensitive to endometrial cancer, has been used. Since the progression of endometrial cancer is dependent on sex steroid hormones (estrogen and progesterone), anti-tumor effects of progestogen are expected to be effective to patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive and progesterone receptor (PR) positive cancer or with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (G1 type) histologically. The most widely used progestogens are medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and megestrol acetate (MGA). Many investigators have reported that progestogen with high dosage shows a good response to advanced endometrial cancer. On the other hand, the monochemotherapy responsive to endometrial cancer is adriamycin (ADR), cyclophosphamide (CPA), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or cisplatin (CDDP). The drugs in polychemotherapy regimens are used to be combined basically the above anti-cancer agents. The polychemotherapy is more effective than monochemotherapy. The combined chemotherapy regimen (CPA, ADR and CDDP; CAP regimen) obtained a good clinical results to advanced endometrial cancer. Thus, in recent years, the combined hormonochemotherapy of high dose progestogen and polychemotherapy was recommended as the best therapy to advanced endometrial cancer, and reported a good results. In conclusion, the treatment of advanced endometrial cancer is based on the use of progestogen therapy and on polychemotherapy. The choice of treatment is made on the basis of patients' conditions and the biological characteristics of the endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:[Therapy of advanced endometrial cancer]. 214 5

A prospective randomized study of 195 patients with endometrial cancer, who were treated by adjuvant hormone therapy, is reported. 100 patients received 100 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate alone, 95 a combination of medroxyprogesterone acetate and tamoxifen (2 x 10 mg). Our data show no statistical difference between the two groups.
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PMID:[Adjuvant hormone therapy in endometrial carcinoma: medroxyprogesterone acetate versus tamoxifen-medroxyprogesterone acetate sequential therapy]. 214 61

Serum medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in patients with endometrial cancer. Samples were obtained 3, 6 and 24 h after the oral administration of 100 or 200 mg MPA once a day. The levels obtained by GC-MS were lower (median 16-29%) than those obtained by RIA, which is probably attributable to the presence of metabolites interfering with the RIA. Two commercial MPA formulations gave different MPA serum levels by both RIA and GC-MS. The levels obtained by GC-MS were so low that frequently only partial saturation of the endometrial progesterone receptor may be achieved which may explain why high oral doses are needed to produce optimum therapeutic response.
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PMID:Comparison of mass spectrometry and radioimmunoassay to measure medroxyprogesterone acetate in patients with endometrial cancer. 214 24


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