Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using a sensitive enzyme immunoassay, carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase (CPAP) was determined in sera of 1266 patients with gyneocological cancers. All these patients were referred after initial surgical treatment elsewhere. There were 95 patients with evidence of disease at the time of the study and 1171 without evidence of disease. Of the 95 patients with active disease, 47 were treated for ovarian carcinoma, 36 for carcinoma of the cervix and 12 for endometrial carcinoma. Raised levels of CPAP were seen in 40% of patients with ovarian carcinoma, in 22% with carcinoma of the cervix and in 41% in the small group with endometrial carcinoma. In patients without evidence of disease, raised levels of CPAP were seen in 12% of patients with carcinoma of the cervix, in 6% of endometrial carcinoma and only in 2% of patients with carcinoma of the ovary. Therefore it was considered that in the latter group CPAP studies would prove of some value. In the group of patients with carcinoma of the ovary and evidence of disease, raised levels of CPAP were seen almost exclusively in patients with epithelial tumors. It is considered that CPAP may be of value as a tumor marker in this group of patients. When compared with CEA, CPAP tends to give fewer false positives and correlates better with the presence of disease.
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PMID:The value of a sensitive assay of carcino-placental alkaline phosphatase (CPAP) in the follow-up of gynecological cancers. 38 13

We investigated the serum activity of the fifth fraction of L-lactate: NAD-oxidoreductase (E.C.1.1.1.27) and serum alkaline phosphatase activity prior to diagnostic curettage in patients with abnormal and atypical endomertial hyperplasia. We also determined them in 75 patients with carcinoma of the endometrium, 80 patients with glandular cystic endometrial hyperplasia and a "normal" control group of 70 patients. In the statistical evaluation we found a significantly high incidence of low AP activity and elevated LDH5 in the group of patients with glandular cystic endometrial hyperplasia, as well as in patients with precancerous lesions of the endometrium and carcinoma of the endometrium. The findings raise the question of whether these changes in the serum activity of the given enzymes are only a response to a given hormonal modulation.
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PMID:Alkaline phosphatase activity in relation to LDH5 (L-lactate: NAD+ - oxidoreductase, E.C.1.1.1.27) in patients with precancerous conditions of the endometrium. 61 58

To study hormone responsive genes in differentiated epithelial cells and as a model for endometrial carcinoma, lines were established from primary rat endometrial cells by infection with replication-defective retroviruses carrying oncogenes and the selectable gene neo. The initial step involved immortalization through the large T antigen of SV40 to generate a line we designate RENT4, or with the E1a gene of adenovirus to generate lines referred to as RENE1 and RENE2. Additionally, lines generated by large T antigen of SV40 were superinfected with a replication-defective retrovirus harboring the v-Ha-ras oncogene and selected by the ability to form colonies in soft agar. The latter cell lines appeared fully transformed and were designated RENTR01 and RENTR03. Five established lines were characterized for steroid hormone receptors, alkaline phosphatase activity and their complement of the intermediate filaments vimentin and cytokeratin. With the exception of the RENE1 cells all other lines have normal levels of glucocorticoid receptor, whereas only RENE1, RENE2 and RENT4 were positive for the progesterone receptor. RENTR01, RENTR03 and, to a lesser extent, RENE1 exhibited differential expression of cytokeratins dependent upon whether the cells were grown on a substrata of NIH3T3 cells. When grown on formalin-fixed NIH3T3 cells, RENTR01 and RENTR03 cells appeared to differentiate or rearrange themselves in culture. Individual islands of cells showed a heterogeneous pattern of intermediate filaments with vimentin-positive cells localized to the outer portion of the islands whereas cytokeratin-positive cells are seen on the insides of these structures.
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PMID:Establishment of rat endometrial cell lines by retroviral mediated transfer of immortalizing and transforming oncogenes. 169 89

We established seven hybridomas secreting murine IgG monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). The seven hybridomas were designated (1) 7C6, (2) 6G10, (3) 5B9, (4) 6D5, (5) 6B5, (6) 11G6 and (7) 3E10, respectively. The characteristics of these hybridomas were evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) with 125I-PLAP. Their reactivity with the intestinal alkaline phosphatase, one of the alkaline phosphatase isozymes, was (1) 0.04, (2) 0.2, (3) 1.4, (4) 1.8, (5) 0, (6) 4.0 and (7) 6.2(%), respectively. None of them showed signs of cross-reactivity with the liver-type alkaline phosphatase, also one of the alkaline phosphatase isozymes, within a PLAP concentration of 2,000 IU/l. The subtype of 5B9 was IgG1, and that of the others was IgG2a. We then used 7C6, to develop a sensitive, specific and convenient enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the determination of PLAP, and assayed sera from patients with various gynecologic diseases. The incidence of increased PLAP was 6.4% in patients with benign diseases, 21.5% in cervical cancer, 36.4% in endometrial carcinoma, and 39.5% in malignant ovarian tumors. The specificity for malignant diseases seemed to be higher than that of CA125. Among endometrial carcinomas, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma had the highest incidence of an increased concentration. Among malignant ovarian tumors, serous cystadenocarcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, dysgerminoma and Krukenberg's tumor showed a higher incidence than the other types.
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PMID:Establishment of hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to placental alkaline phosphatase and development of an enzyme immunoassay for its determination. 220 81

Alkaline phosphatase activity in human endometrial cancer cells of the estrogen-responsive Ishikawa line was markedly stimulated (3-20-fold in 4 days) by estrogens, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone but not by testosterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, glucocorticoids, several peptide hormones, prostaglandins, or growth factors. Maximum responses to estradiol were obtained at concentrations between 10(-9) and 10(-7) M; at 10(-8) M estradiol, the highest activity was reached 48-72 h after addition of the hormone. A linear relationship between enzyme activity at 48 h and the length of exposure to the hormone was observed. Dibutyryl cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate, but not dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and acted synergistically with estradiol. trans-4-Monohydroxytamoxifen completely antagonized the stimulatory effect of estradiol and had no agonistic activity. Dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone appear to exert their effects, at least in part, by interacting with estrogen receptors, since the simultaneous presence in the medium of monohydroxytamoxifen abolished their influence on alkaline phosphatase activity. The specific antiandrogen monohydroxyflutamide partially antagonized the effect of these hormones, suggesting that their action involved androgenic mechanisms as well. Exposure to elevated temperature and to specific inhibitors identified alkaline phosphatase of Ishikawa cells as a placental-type isoenzyme, thus contrasting with the nonplacental type found in glandular epithelial cells of normal endometrium and in another human endometrial cancer cell line, HEC-50. This study extends our previous observations of estrogen responsiveness in the Ishikawa cell line. In addition to the previously reported stimulatory effects on growth and progesterone receptor levels, we are now describing the stimulation by estrogens and C19 steroids of an enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, which can be used as a convenient end point to examine mechanisms of hormonal action.
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PMID:Effects of steroid hormones and antisteroids on alkaline phosphatase activity in human endometrial cancer cells (Ishikawa line). 293 30

The effects of estradiol on DNA polymerase alpha activity were investigated in an estrogen-responsive human endometrial cancer cell line (Ishikawa) derived from a well differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. These cells are known to respond to estradiol by increasing progesterone receptor levels, alkaline phosphatase activity, and cell density. Four- to 5-fold increases in DNA polymerase alpha activity occurred when estradiol was added to cultures of Ishikawa cells in medium containing charcoal-treated fetal bovine serum. Maximal stimulation was achieved at 18 h during incubations with 10(-8) M estradiol, but significant effects also were found with 10(-9) and 10(-6) M. These effects were almost completely counteracted by a 100-fold excess of 4-hydroxytamoxifen. At 10(-6) M, the antiestrogen had no influence on the basal levels of DNA polymerase alpha. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (10(-6) M) was ineffective as either an enhancer of enzymatic activity or an antiestrogen when tested in combination with 10(-8) M estradiol, even in the presence of appreciable levels of specific progesterone binders. The responsiveness of the Ishikawa cells to estrogen contrasts with the lack of effects of estradiol on DNA polymerase alpha activity in another human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (HEC-50).
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PMID:Effects of estradiol on deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase alpha activity in the Ishikawa human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line. 294 47

Endometrium from postmenopausal women with endometrial adenocarcinoma was examined immunohistochemically using a monoclonal antibody to pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha 2-globulin (alpha 2-PEG), the major secretory protein of the glandular epithelium during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy. Specimens were obtained at initial diagnostic curettage and at hysterectomy after medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy. alpha 2-PEG was not detected in any malignant tissue irrespective of histological differentiation. Non-malignant endometrium obtained in association with malignant tissue was negative for alpha 2-PEG before treatment although after MPA therapy all specimens obtained exhibited marked alpha 2-PEG localization in glands. In four specimens endogenous alkaline phosphatase was observed consistently only in the malignant endometrium. Malignant endometrium does not appear to synthesize alpha 2-PEG nor is its synthesis induced by an oral progestogen, so that it does not represent a useful marker for endometrial carcinoma. Non-malignant endometrium in postmenopausal women appears to be fully capable of alpha 2-PEG production after stimulation with an oral progestogen.
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PMID:Immunohistological localization of pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha 2-globulin (alpha 2-PEG) in endometrial adenocarcinoma and effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate. 297 52

By statistical study on 135 patients with endometrial carcinoma, it is clarified that the most effective prognostic factor of the cancer is the histological grading. Well differentiated type is best prognostic and possesses hormone receptors. Application of cell culture is one of the most suitable choices in the study of hormone and human endometrial carcinoma. Present paper is to show usefulness of in vitro study by taking example of the above theme. 1) Binding ability of endometrial carcinoma cells to estrogen: Being explained by Gurpide et al. by using HEC-1 cells, the ability is under control of cGMP and cAMP ratio. 2) Responses to estrogen: DNA polymerase alfa of Ishikawa cells which possesses both estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) is stimulated first showing peak at 18 hours and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is at 72 hours by E(2)10(-8)M, which is antagonized by OH-tamoxifen. PR level is also enhanced at its maximum after 3 day E2 treatment, and is analyzed by immunocytochemistry with PR mono-clonal antibody as well as biochemical assay. Gorski and Greene's theory that steroid receptor is localized in nuclei is confirmed in endometrial carcinoma. Growth of Ishikawa cells is apparently enhanced in the aspects of shortened cell cycle and unlimited saturation density. 3) Responses to progestogen: Nucleic acid syntheses of HEC-1 are immediately suppressed by progesterone (P) 2.5 microg or more. Electron microscopic findings show appearances of Golgi apparatus and lysosomal granules. Growth suppression is observed in the cell lines regardless of PR positivity. ALP activity of PR-negative HEC-50 cells
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PMID:[Cell culture--its application in the study of hormone and endometrial carcinoma and feed-back to clinical medicine]. 315 Aug 47

We report a histochemical study of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in normal cells of uterine endometrium and endometrial cancer to ascertain the incidence of ALP and the isoenzyme type. For this purpose, cytological specimens and tissue serial sections were subjected to heat-stability and L-phenylalanine (L-p) inhibition test. The Regan-like isoenzyme, a heat-stable and L-p sensitive ALP, which had been thought to derive only from cancer or the placenta, was found in very limited endometrial luminal surface lining cells. Meanwhile ALP activity in endometrial glandular cells was heat and L-p sensitive. Of 42 cases of endometrial cancer, all cases manifested non-specific ALP activity, and 19 cases (45%) manifested heat stability of slight to high degree. 7 endometrial cancers exhibited the Regan-like isoenzyme with marked heat and L-p sensitivity. These findings indicate that in the course of uterine endometrial carcinogenesis, the ALP isoenzyme of endometrial glandular cells undergo a change and that "enzyme deviation" occurs.
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PMID:[Histochemical studies on alkaline phosphatase in normal endometrium and endometrial carcinoma--with a special reference to heat stability and L-phenylalanine inhibition tests (author's transl)]. 730 29

We report a histochemical study of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in normal cells of the female reproductive system, in pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix and in endometrial cancer to ascertain the incidence of ALP and its isoenzyme type. For this purpose, serial sections were subjected to heat stability and L-phenylalanine (LP) inhibition tests. The Regan-like isoenzyme, a heat-stable and LP-sensitive ALP, which has been thought to derive only from cancer or the placenta, was found in uterine cervical reserve cells and endometrial luminal surface lining cells. In contrast, ALP activity in endometrial glandular cells was found to be heat and LP sensitive. Of 183 cases of cervical neoplasia, 60 (33%) manifested non-specific ALP activity. One dysplasia and two invasive cancer cases manifested the Regan-like isoenzyme. The other 36 classifiable lesions had small-intestine ALP-like activity (marked heat and LP sensitivity) or a liver ALP-like isoenzyme (marked heat and slight LP sensitivity). Of 42 cases of endometrial cancer, all cases manifested non-specific ALP activity. Seven endometrial cancers exhibited the Regan-like isoenzyme. The other 19 cases manifested either small intestine or liver ALP-like isoenzyme. Our findings indicate that in the course of uterine carinogenesis, the ALP isoenzyme of reserve cell and endometrial glandular cells undergo a change and that enzyme deviation occurs.
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PMID:Heat-stable alkaline phosphatase in uterine cancer, with special reference to its histochemical heat-stability and the L-phenylalanine inhibition test. 733 83


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